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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2017View details →

Entropy Poduction in a Box: Analysis of Instabilities in Confined Hydrothermal Systems

This data set was generated using the numerical tool SHEMAT suite. All relevant input and output files are given here for the scenarios discussed in our manuscript: (1) onset of convection, varying box geometry for (2) homogeneous models, and (3) heterogeneous models. Additionally, some Matlab files show how the simulation results are analyses d in terms of the entropy production.

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Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems

As particularly common minerals in granites, the presence of feldspar and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges at hydrothermal conditions have important implications in fault strength and reactivation. We present laboratory observations of frictional strength and stability of feldspar (K-feldspar and albite) and altered feldspar-chlorite gouges under conditions representative of deep geothermal reservoirs to evaluate the impact on fault stability. Velocity-stepping experiments are performed at a confining stress of 95 MPa, pore pressures of 35–90 MPa and temperatures of 120–400°C representative of in situ conditions for such reservoirs. Our experiment results show that the feldspar gouge is frictionally strong (μ~0.71) at all experimental temperatures (~120–400℃) but transitions from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at T>120°C. Increasing the pore pressure increases the friction coefficient (~0.70-0.87) and the gouge remains velocity weakening, but this weakening decreases as pore pressures increase. The presence of alteration-sourced chlorite leads to a transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening in the mixed gouge at experimental temperatures and pore pressures. As a ubiquitous mineral in reservoir rocks, feldspar is shown to potentially contribute to unstable sliding over ranges in temperature and pressure typical in deep hydrothermal reservoirs. These findings emphasize that feldspar minerals may increase the potential for injection-induced seismicity on pre-existing faults if devoid of chlorite alteration.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

The scale of a Martian hydrothermal system explored using combined neutron and X-ray tomography

Neutron and X-ray tomography data of MIL 03346,230 and MIL 03346,231   Neutron data was acquired at the Institut Laue-Langevin, https://doi.ill.fr/10.5291/ILL-DATA.UGA-480 79  X-ray data was acquired at the 4D Imaging Lab at Lund University, Sweden

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Table 1 for Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Isotope Constraints on the Propagation of Vent CO2 to Fluid in the Acidic Kueishantao Shallow Water Hydrothermal System

This table contains radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon isotope (13C) compositions of CO2 in vent gas, dissolved inorganic carbon and particulates of hydrothermal fluid from Kueishantao shallow water hydrothermal system, offshore northeastern Taiwan.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Thermo-hydro-chemical simulation of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: Static 2D models and effects of paleo-seawater chemistry

DePaolo et al. Gcubed 2022 data files Thermo-hydro-chemical simulation of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems:  Static 2D models and effects of paleo-seawater chemistry    In this folder are input and output files for v3.68 of TOUGHREACT that contain all of the files illustrated in the manuscript plus many more. Also included is v3 TOUGHREACT reference manual, which gives more information on all of the input and output files. In each folder there are a sequence of run folders, each containing input files (flow.inp, solute.inp, chemical.inp, MESH, GENER, plus a thermodynamic database with filename like “tkslth06acp3isi9.dat.” Also included are raw tecplot files (flowvector.tec, flowdata.tec, rct_sfarea.tec, rctn_rate.tec, min_SI.tec, minerals.tec, aqconc.tec) and other output files (all “.out” files).  In some cases the .tec files, which are combined files with output for both fractures and matrix, have been separated into separate fracture and matrix files with names like “flowvector_frc.tec,” “flowvector_mtx.tec,” aqconc_frc.tec,” “aqconc_mtx.tec” to allow plotting of fracture and matrix properties separately. Some folders also contain .tiff or .png files that are 2D color contour plots as shown in the manuscript.  All of these plots were made with Paraview (<a href="https://www.paraview.org/">https://www.paraview.org</a>) which is open-source. Each folder labeled like “Modern SW fastcpx Sr8…” contains several subfolders each labeled with the model year at which the run ends, like 2000, 2600, 2700, 2800, … which correspond to the warmup steps described in the manuscript: The typical procedure used to achieve the results reported here is (with some minor variations): <ol> <li>Run the simulation for 2000 model years with 50% of the final heating from below and minimal chemical reactions. RSA for primary minerals in both matrix and fractures are set to 10-6 cm2/g and 2 x 10-6cm2/g for secondary minerals, which yields chemical reaction rates about 500 times slower than for a more realistic system.</li> <li>Run for an additional 600 model years with the full heating from below and RSA’s at 10-6 cm2/g and 2 x 10-6 cm2/g. This step yields a steady state temperature and flow field with the full heating from below. Less time is needed than for the first phase because the fluid flow velocities are higher with higher heating rates.</li> <li>Run an additional 100 years; RSA’s increased to 10-5 cm2/g and 2 x 10-5 cm2/g</li> <li>Run 100 years; RSA’s at 10-4 cm2/g and 2 x 10-4 cm2/g*</li> <li>Run 100 years; RSA’s at 2 x 10-4 cm2/g and 4 x 10-4 cm2/g*</li> <li>Run 50 years; RSA’s at 3 x 10-4 cm2/g and 5 x 10-4 cm2/g*</li> <li>Run 50 years; RSA’s at 4 x 10-4 cm2/g and 8 x 10-4 cm2/g*</li> <li>Run 100 additional years*</li> </ol> After step 8 the system has been running for 3100 model years, but only 150 years with full reactions, which is long enough to get close to quasi-steady state fluid chemistry (there is no true steady state for chemistry because the rock mineralogy is changing with time). For each of the steps marked with an asterisk, an alternative procedure is to use high RSA’s for fracture minerals, up to 50 times higher.  In some folders there are additional subfolders extending in model time up to 3400 years.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Sims et al. A Tale of Two Pools: The Dynamic Influence of Subsurface Geological Processes on the Assembly and Diversification of Thermophilic Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Systems - Supplementary Datasets

These datasets comprise the supplementary datasets found in Sims et al. A Tale of Two Pools: The Dynamic Influence of Subsurface Geological Processes on the Assembly and Diversification of Thermophilic Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Systems, Geochimica et Cosmiochimica Act

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Frictional properties of feldspar-chlorite altered gouges and implications for fault reactivation in hydrothermal systems

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publicDec 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation during uncultured aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes that discharged from a natural hydrothermal system

Aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes was observed in gas samples from the Lutao intertidal hydrothermal vents in Taiwan, during storage without adding strains and replenishing substrates at 20 oC up to 29 months. The carbon isotope fractionation factors (εC) of methane (C1), ethane (C2), and propane (C3), were calculated using the Rayleigh fractionation equation to be -37.1 ± 7.5&permil;, -14.8 ± 4.8&permil;, and -4.7 ± 5.2&permil;, respectively. The hydrogen isotope fractionation factor (εH) of methane was determined to be -281 ± 187&permil;. DNA sequencing of the 16sRNA gene in the vent fluids suggests that aerobic oxidation is dominated by methanotrophs of the genera Methylomicrobium and Methylophaga, which use the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP). The degrees of isotope fractionation (εC and εH values) herein are larger than previously reported values, possibly due to the limited O2 supply and low abundance of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria in the experiments. Since the fractionation factor of methane is higher than those of ethane and propane, the aerobic oxidation of thermogenic or microbial alkanes could produce carbon isotope reversal, which is frequently noted as a trait of abiotic hydrocarbons. This work demonstrates that in addition to anaerobic microbial oxidation, aerobic oxidation with a low cell density can also produce significant isotope fractionation of alkanes in geological closed/semi-closed environments that are characterized by moderate temperatures and a limited supply of substrates and O2; these environments include cold seeps, mud volcanoes, and low-temperature hydrothermal aquifers/reservoirs.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Caprock genesis in hydrothermal systems via alteration-controlled fault weakening and impermeabilization

Raw experimental data

FIGURE 8. Typhlotanais incognitus n in Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna from chemically reduced habitats-the lucky strike hydrothermal vent system, mid-atlantic ridge

FIGURE 8. Typhlotanais incognitus n.sp. A, maxilliped; B, cheliped; C, pereopod 1; D, pereopod 2; E, pereopod 3; F, pereopod 4; G, pereopod 5; H, pereopod 6; I, pleopod. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Mesotanais styxis n in Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna from chemically reduced habitats-the lucky strike hydrothermal vent system, mid-atlantic ridge

FIGURE 3. Mesotanais styxis n. sp. A, holotype, dorsal view; B, holotype, lateral view; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, labrum; F, left mandible; G, right mandible, incisor; H, right mandible, molar; I, labium; J, maxillule, endite; K, maxillule, palp; L, pleopod. Scale bars: A & B = 1 mm. others = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Obesutanais sigridae n in Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna from chemically reduced habitats-the lucky strike hydrothermal vent system, mid-atlantic ridge

FIGURE 6. Obesutanais sigridae n.sp. A, cheliped; B, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, pereopod 4; F, pereopod 5; G, pereopod 6; H, pleopod. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Typhlotanais incognitus n in Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna from chemically reduced habitats-the lucky strike hydrothermal vent system, mid-atlantic ridge

FIGURE 7. Typhlotanais incognitus n.sp. A, holotype, lateral view; B, holotype, dorsal view; C, antennule; D, antenna; E, labrum; F, left mandible; G, labium; H, maxillule; I, uropod. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Armaturatanais atlanticus n in Tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) fauna from chemically reduced habitats-the lucky strike hydrothermal vent system, mid-atlantic ridge

FIGURE 10. Armaturatanais atlanticus n.sp. A, right mandible; B, left mandible; C, labium; D, maxillule, endite; E, maxilliped; F, epignath; G, pleopod; H, uropod. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Protanais ligniamator, manca III paratype. A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats-the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific

FIGURE 8. Protanais ligniamator, manca III paratype. A) Lateral view, mouthparts not drawn for clarity; B) Antennule; C) Antenna; D) Left mandible; E) Right mandible; F) Maxillule; G) Maxilla; H) Maxilliped. Scale bars: A–C 0.5 mm, D–H 0.25 mm

FIGURE 5. Protanais ligniamator, adult male paratype. A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats-the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific

FIGURE 5. Protanais ligniamator, adult male paratype. A) Antennule; B) Antenna; C) Labrum; D) Left mandible, body with attached ciliates; E) Right mandible; F) Labium; G) Maxillule; H) Maxilla; I) Maxilliped; J) Maxilliped endites; K) Epignath. Scale bars1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Protanais ligniamator. A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats-the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific

FIGURE 4. Protanais ligniamator. A) Paratype, adult male, dorsal view; B) Paratype, male, lateral view, mouthparts not drawn for clarity. Scale bar 2 mm.

FIGURE 12. Armaturatanais trispinipodus, female. A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats-the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific

FIGURE 12. Armaturatanais trispinipodus, female. A) Pereopod 1; B) Pereopod 2; C) Pereopod 3; D) Pereopod 4; E) Pereopod 5; F) Pereopod 6; G) Pleopod; H) Uropod. Scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 3. Protanais ligniamator, female paratype. A in Tanaidacea (Crustacea; Peracarida) from chemically reduced habitats-the hydrothermal vent system of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Escabana Trough and Gorda Ridge, northeast Pacific

FIGURE 3. Protanais ligniamator, female paratype. A) Cheliped; B) Pereopod 1; C) Pereopod 2; D) Pereopod 3; E) Pereopod 4; F) Pereopod 5; G) Pereopod 6; H) Pleopod, setae not fully drawn for clarity; I) Uropod. Scale bar 1 mm.