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14 results for “Imperata cylindrica”
Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
<p>Hybridization is a major source of phenotypic variation and a driving force for evolution. On the other hand, these novel traits can often disrupt adaptive relationships between the parental phenotypes and their environments. However, it remains unclear how new hybrid traits disrupt local adaptation. Here, we report how a new phenotype of hybrids between two ecotypes of Imperata cylindrica contributes to rapid reproductive isolation from their parents and affects hybrid fitness.</p> <p>We analyzed 350 accessions of I. cylindrica collected from the 1980s to the 2010s throughout Japan to explore the genetic population structure of the hybrids. We surveyed flowering periods, seed sets, and germination of two ecotypes and their hybrids in both natural habitats and common gardens.</p> <p>Genetic analyses of population structure revealed that the hybrid populations consisted of only F1 individuals, without post-F1 hybrids. The flowering phenology of the F1 plants was delayed to autumn, 5–6 months later than the parental ecotypes.</p> <p>The drastic shift in flowering phenology prevents F1s from backcrossing. In addition, it changes their seed dispersal time to winter. Germination is inhibited by low temperatures, and the seeds likely decay before the next spring, resulting in the absence of an F2 generation. For the first time in the field, we found environmental mismatch of F1 as a specific mechanism for the maintenance of only F1 populations.</p> <p>Synthesis. We have demonstrated that this flowering phenology mismatch promotes reproductive isolation between the parents and F1s and affects various temporal components of the hybrids, resulting in a unique hybrid population consisting only of F1s. This system sheds light on the importance of hybrid traits in terms of rapid reproductive isolation.</p>
Data from: Drastic shift in flowering phenology of F1 hybrids explains the population structure of Imperata cylindrica in Japan
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Strong plastic responses in aerenchyma formation in F1 hybrids of Imperata cylindrica under different soil moisture conditions
<p>There is insufficient evidence demonstrating how phenotypic plasticity in specific traits mediates hybrid performance.<strong> </strong>Two ecotypes of <em>Imperata cylindrica</em> produce F1 hybrids. The early flowering type (E-type) in wet habitats has larger internal gas spaces (aerenchyma) than the common type (C-type) in dry habitats. This study evaluated the relationships between the habitat utilisation, aerenchyma plasticity, and growth of <em>I. cylindrica</em> accessions. We hypothesize that plasticity in expressing parental traits explains hybrid establishment in habitats with various soil moisture conditions.</p> <p>Aerenchyma formation was examined in the leaf midribs, rhizomes, and roots of two parental ecotypes and their F1 hybrids in their natural habitats. In common garden experiments, we examined plastic aerenchyma formation in the leaf midribs, rhizomes and roots of natural and artificial F1 hybrids and parental ecotypes. Their vegetative growth performance was also quantified.</p> <p>In the natural habitats where soil moisture content varied widely, the F1 hybrids showed larger variation of aerenchyma formation in the rhizomes than their parental ecotypes. In the common garden experiments, the F1 hybrids showed high plasticity of aerenchyma formation in the rhizomes, and their growth was similar to that of C-type and E-type under drained and flooded conditions, respectively.</p> <p>The results demonstrate that the F1 hybrids of <em>I. cylindrica</em> exhibit plasticity in aerenchyma development in response to varying local soil moisture content. This characteristic allows the hybrids to thrive in diverse soil moisture conditions.</p>
Strong plastic responses in aerenchyma formation in F1 hybrids of Imperata cylindrica under different soil moisture conditions
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Fig. 9 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 9. Inhibitory effects of compounds 4, 11, 37, 43 and 47 on the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, IKK-α, p-IKK-α, NF-κB/p65 and p-NF-κB/p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Normal: normal group without LPS, DEX and other tested samples. Values represent the mean ± SEM of three determinations. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ##P <0.01; ###P <0.001 (Differences between LPS-treated group and control group). n = 3.
Fig. 8 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 8. Influences of compounds 4, 11, 12, 24, 27, 31, 32, 37, 43, 45, and 47 at 3, 10, and 30 μM on NO production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Values represent the mean SD of six determinations. *P <0.05, ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ###P <0.001 (Dif± ferences between control group and normal group). n = 6.
Data from: Exploring origins, invasion history and genetic diversity of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Cogongrass) in the United States using genotyping by sequencing
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Fig. 1 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 1. The structures of new compounds 1–10.
Fig. 4. The main 1H 1H in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 4. The main 1H 1H COSY and HMBC correlations of 7–10.
Fig. 6 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 6. The main NOE correlations of 40 and 10.
Fig. 3. The main 1H 1H in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 3. The main 1H 1H COSY, HMBC correlations of 1–6 and NOE correlation of 1.
Fig. 7 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 7. Calculated and experimental ECD spectra of 40.
Fig. 5 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 5. The main NOE correlations of 8.
Fig. 2 in Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 2. The structures of known compounds 11–47.
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