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34 results for “Incomplete lineage sorting”
Data from: Species tree branch length estimation despite incomplete lineage sorting, duplication, and loss
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Data from: Phylogenomics of a genus of ‘Great Speciators’ reveals rampant incomplete lineage sorting, gene flow, and mitochondrial capture in island systems
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Dataset from: Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution mask species relationships in Brunelliaceae, an Andean family with rapid, recent diversification
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: To date, phylogenetic relationships within the monogeneric Brunelliaceae have been based on morphological evidence, which does not provide sufficient phylogenetic resolution. Here we use target-enriched nuclear data to improve our understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the family. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used the Angiosperms353 toolkit for targeted recovery of exonic regions and supercontigs (exons + introns) from low copy nuclear genes from 53 of 70 species in <em>Brunellia</em>, and several outgroup taxa. We removed loci that indicated biased relationships and applied concatenated and coalescent methods to infer <em>Brunellia</em> phylogeny. We identified conflicts among gene trees that may reflect hybridization or incomplete lineage-sorting events and assessed their impact on the phylogeny. Finally, we performed ancestral-state reconstructions of morphological traits and assessed the homology of character states used to define sections and subsections in <em>Brunellia</em>.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: <em>Brunellia</em> comprises two major clades and several subclades. Most of these clades/subclades do not correspond to previous infrageneric taxa. There is high topological incongruence among the subclades across analyses.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Phylogenetic reconstructions point to rapid species diversification in Brunelliaceae, reflected in very short branches between successive species splits. The removal of putatively biased loci slightly improves phylogenetic support for individual clades. Reticulate evolution due to hybridization and/or incomplete lineage sorting likely both contribute to gene-tree discordance. Morphological characters used to define taxa in current classification schemes are homoplastic in the ancestral character state reconstructions. While target enrichment data allows us to broaden our understanding of diversification in <em>Brunellia</em>, the relationships among subclades remain incompletely understood.</p>
Phylogenomic discordance is driven by wide-spread introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid species diversification within rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus)
<p>Phylogenomics allows us to uncover the historical signal of evolutionary processes through time and estimate phylogenetic networks accounting for these signals. Insight from genome-wide data further allows us to pinpoint the contributions to phylogenetic signal from hybridization, introgression, and ancestral polymorphism across the genome. Here, we focus on how these processes have contributed to phylogenetic discordance among rattlesnakes (genera <em>Crotalus</em> and <em>Sistrurus</em>), a group for which there are numerous conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses based on a diverse array of molecular datasets and analytical methods. We address the instability of the rattlesnake phylogeny using genomic data generated from transcriptomes sampled from nearly all known species. These genomic data, analyzed with coalescent and network-based approaches, reveal numerous instances of rapid speciation where individual gene trees conflict with the species tree. Moreover, the evolutionary history of rattlesnakes is dominated by incomplete speciation and frequent hybridization, both of which have likely influenced past interpretations of phylogeny. We present a new framework in which the evolutionary relationships of this group can only be understood in light of genome-wide data and network-based analytical methods. Our data suggest that network radiations, like those seen within the rattlesnakes, can only be understood in a phylogenomic context, necessitating similar approaches in our attempts to understand evolutionary history in other rapidly radiating species.</p> <p>La filogenómica nos permite descubrir la señal histórica de los procesos evolutivos a través del tiempo y estimar redes filogenéticas tomando en cuenta estas señales. El conocimiento de datos genómicos incluso permiten distinguir la contribución de la señal filogenética de la hibridación, introgresión, y de polimorfismos ancestrales a lo largo del genoma. En este trabajo nos enfocamos en como estos procesos han contribuido a la discordancia filogenética entre las serpientes de cascabel, un grupo en el que hay numerosos conflictos en las hipótesis filogenéticas obtenidas de un grupo variado de datos moleculares y métodos analíticos. Nosotros abordamos la inestabilidad de la filogenia de las serpientes de cascabel (generos <em>Crotalus</em> y <em>Sistrurus</em>) usando datos genómicos generados de transcriptomas muestreados en la mayoría de las especies conocidas. Estos datos genómicos, analizados con métodos basados en coalescencia y redes filogenéticas, revelaron numerosos casos de especiación rápida donde los arboles de genes individuales conflictúan con el árbol de especies. Además, la historia evolutiva de las serpientes de cascabel esta dominada por una especiación incompleta y una frecuente hibridación, las cuales probablemente han influenciado interpretaciones pasadas de las filogenias. Nosotros presentamos un nuevo marco en el que las relaciones evolutivas de este grupo solo pueden ser entendidas en base a datos de genomicos y métodos analíticos basados en redes filogenéticas. Nuestros datos sugieren que la radiación en redes filogenéticas, como se ha visto dentro de las serpientes de cascabel, solo puede ser entendida en un contexto filogenómico, necesitando aproximaciones similares en nuestro intento de entender la historia evolutiva en otras especies con radiaciones rápidas.</p>
Data from: Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae)
Hybridization is a frequent and important force in plant evolution. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods offer new possibilities for clade resolution and ambitious sampling of gene genealogies, yet difficulty remains in detecting deep reticulation events using currently available methods. We reconstructed the phylogeny of diploid representatives of Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae to test the hypothesis of ancient hybridizations preceding the radiation of its major subclade, Hippeastrinae. Through hybrid enrichment of DNA libraries and NGS, we obtained data for 18 nuclear loci through a curated assembly approach and nearly complete plastid genomes for 35 ingroup taxa plus 5 outgroups. Additionally, we obtained alignments for 39 loci through an automated assembly algorithm. These data were analyzed with diverse phylogenetic methods, including concatenation, coalescence-based species tree estimation, Bayesian concordance analysis, and network reconstructions, to provide insights into the evolutionary relationships of Hippeastreae. Causes for gene tree heterogeneity and cytonuclear discordance were examined through a Bayesian posterior predictive approach (JML) and coalescent simulations. Two major clades were found, Hippeastrinae and Traubiinae, as previously reported. Our results suggest the presence of two major nuclear lineages in Hippeastrinae characterized by different chromosome numbers: 1) Tocantinia and Hippeastrum with 2n = 22, and 2) Eithea, Habranthus, Rhodophiala, and Zephyranthes mostly with 2n = 12, 14, and 18. Strong cytonuclear discordance was confirmed in Hippeastrinae, and a network scenario with at least six hybridization events is proposed to reconcile nuclear and plastid signals, along a backbone that may also have been affected by incomplete lineage sorting at the base of each major subclade.
Phylogenomics reveal extensive phylogenetic discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting following the rapid radiation of alpine butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassius)
<p><span><span>In rapid radiation, the earliest components of evolutionary divergence are often difficult to resolve, which were always driven by the characteristics of taxa and the limitations of alternative analytical methods</span>. </span><span>The origin and radiation of the alpine butterfly <em>Parnassius</em>, a high-altitude mountainous insect group, can be attributed to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Despite detailed phylogenetic analyses of the genus, deep phylogenetic relationships among the major subgenera remain recalcitrant. In this study, 102 individuals from 10 representative <em>Parnassius</em> species were sampled to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among subgenera based on nuclear and mitochondrial genome data sets. Gene-tree/species-tree conflicts were detected by concatenation and multispecies coalescent (MSC) approaches. We recovered a well-supported species tree, despite these conflicts, and detected considerable phylogenetic discordance among genomic regions. The main explanation for the topological discordance among subgenera was extensive incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), whereas introgression events were not prominent. The origin and explosive radiation of <em>Parnassius</em> (i.e., rapid succession of speciation events) in the late Miocene associated with environmental events on the plateau led to short internal branches, thereby increasing ILS and topological conflicts, especially among closely related subgenera. Our results also suggested that MSC approaches (SNAPP and SVDquartets) are accurate and superior to the concatenation approach; in particular, SVDquartets can explicitly accommodate gene-tree/species-tree conflicts caused by high ILS and demonstrate strong robustness. Lastly, we explored the phylogenomic data by testing multiple sources of phylogenomic conflict to clarify the strengths and limitations of different approaches, while considering phylogenetic signal variation in mitochondrial loci. We anticipate that the phylogeny described here will be the backbone of future evolutionary studies of the genus and will provide insight into phylogenetic discordance due to rapid radiation.</span></p>
Data from: Addressing incomplete lineage sorting and paralogy in the inference of uncertain salmonid phylogenetic relationships
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Data from: Unraveling the web of life: Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as primary mechanisms over polyploidization in the evolutionary dynamics of pear species
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Dataset from: Incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution mask species relationships in Brunelliaceae, an Andean family with rapid, recent diversification
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Phylogenomic discordance is driven by wide-spread introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during rapid species diversification within rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus and Sistrurus)
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Data from: Resolving deep nodes in an ancient radiation of neotropical fishes in the presence of conflicting signals from incomplete lineage sorting
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Data from: Deep reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting obscure the diploid phylogeny of rain-lilies and allies (Amaryllidaceae tribe Hippeastreae)
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Phylogenomic discordance in the Eared Seals is best explained by incomplete lineage sorting following explosive radiation in the Southern Hemisphere
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Phylogenomics reveal extensive phylogenetic discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting following the rapid radiation of alpine butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassius)
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The perfect storm: Gene tree estimation error, incomplete lineage sorting, and ancient gene flow explain the most recalcitrant ancient angiosperm clade, Malpighiales
<p>The genomic revolution offers renewed hope of resolving rapid radiations in the Tree of Life. The development of the multispecies coalescent (MSC) model and improved gene tree estimation methods can better accommodate gene tree heterogeneity caused by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene tree estimation error stemming from the short internal branches. However, the relative influence of these factors in species tree inference is not well understood. Using anchored hybrid enrichment, we generated a data set including 423 single-copy loci from 64 taxa representing 39 families to infer the species tree of the flowering plant order Malpighiales. This order includes nine of the top ten most unstable nodes in angiosperms, which have been hypothesized to arise from the rapid radiation during the Cretaceous. Here, we show that coalescent-based methods do not resolve the backbone of Malpighiales and concatenation methods yield inconsistent estimations, providing evidence that gene tree heterogeneity is high in this clade. Despite high levels of ILS and gene tree estimation error, our simulations demonstrate that these two factors alone are insufficient to explain the lack of resolution in this order. To explore this further, we examined triplet frequencies among empirical gene trees and discovered some of them deviated significantly from those attributed to ILS and estimation error, suggesting gene flow as an additional and previously unappreciated phenomenon promoting gene tree variation in Malpighiales. Finally, we applied a novel method to quantify the relative contribution of these three primary sources of gene tree heterogeneity and demonstrated that ILS, gene tree estimation error, and gene flow contributed to 15%, 52%, and 32% of the variation, respectively. Together, our results suggest that a perfect storm of factors likely influence this lack of resolution, and further indicate that recalcitrant phylogenetic relationships like the backbone of Malpighiales may be better represented as phylogenetic networks. Thus, reducing such groups solely to existing models that adhere strictly to bifurcating trees greatly oversimplifies reality, and obscures our ability to more clearly discern the process of evolution.</p>
Data from: Evaluating summary statistics used to test for incomplete lineage sorting: mito-nuclear discordance in the reef sponge Callyspongia vaginalis
Conflicting patterns of population differentiation between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (mito-nuclear discordance) have become increasingly evident as multilocus datasets have become easier to generate. Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) of nucDNA is often implicated as the cause of such discordance, stemming from the large effective population size of nucDNA relative to mtDNA. However, selection, sex-biased dispersal, and historical demography can also lead to mito-nuclear discordance. Here we compare patterns of genetic diversity and subdivision for six nuclear protein-coding gene regions to those for mtDNA in a common Caribbean coral reef sponge, Callyspongia vaginalis, along the Florida reef tract. We also evaluated a suite of summary statistics to determine which are effective metrics for comparing empirical and simulated data when testing drivers of mito-nuclear discordance in a statistical framework. While earlier work revealed three divergent and geographically subdivided mtDNA COI haplotypes separated by 2.4% sequence divergence, nuclear alleles were admixed with respect to mitochondrial clade and geography. Bayesian analysis showed substitution rates for the nuclear loci were up to 7 times faster than for mitochondrial COI. Coalescent simulations and neutrality tests suggested that mito-nuclear discordance in C. vaginalis is not the result of ILS in the nucDNA or selection on the mtDNA but is more likely caused by changes in population size. Sperm-mediated gene flow may also influence patterns of population subdivision in the nucDNA.
Seeing through the hedge: Phylogenomics of Thuja (Cupressaceae) reveals prominent incomplete lineage sorting and ancient introgression for Tertiary relict flora
<p>The eastern Asia (EA) – eastern North America (ENA) disjunction is a typical and well known biogeographic. Although its origin has been the topic of many studies, some new insights will arise when more complex evolutionary histories are revealed using phylogenomic methods. Here, we used targeted exon capture and sequenced >1,000 single copy nuclear, plus 73 chloroplast genes, to resolve interspecific relationships and the biogeographic history of an intercontinental disjunct genus <i>Thuja</i>. Two separate clades were detected: the "EA clade" comprised two species (<a name="_Hlk63130225"><i>T. standishii</i></a><i> </i>and <a name="_Hlk63130201"><i>T. sutchuenensis</i></a>) from EA, and the "disjunct clade" comprising <i>T. koraiensis</i>, <i>T. occidentalis</i>, and <i>T. plicata</i>, with the first two comprising an EA–ENA disjunct pattern and <i>T. plicata</i> in western North America. The disjunct clade experienced a rapid radiation in the Mid–Miocene, and furthermore multispecies coalescent analysis revealed that ancient lineages of <i>Thuja</i> had large population sizes. These two factors might have contributed to the significant levels of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) we detected within <i>Thuja</i>, and especially the disjunct clade. Because of this, EA–ENA disjunct pattern of <i>T. koraiensis</i> and <i>T. occidentalis</i> is exhibited by only 13.98% of genes examined. In addition, we found that ~20% of the <i>T. sutchuenensis </i>nuclear genome is derived from an as–yet–unrecognized ancestral lineage<i> </i>of <i>Thuja</i>, which might explain the close resemblance of cone morphology between <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> and the Paleocene fossil species <i>T. ehrenswaerdii</i>. Overall, our study demonstrates that single genes may produce incomplete or inaccurate phylogenies for disjunct taxa, and that more accurate results will come from using genomic data, revealing a more complex evolutionary history. This will steadily improve our understanding of their origin and evolution.</p>
Data from: Genomic data reveals potential for hybridization, introgression, and incomplete lineage sorting to confound phylogenetic relationships in an adaptive radiation of narrow-mouth frogs
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Seeing through the hedge: Phylogenomics of Thuja (Cupressaceae) reveals prominent incomplete lineage sorting and ancient introgression for Tertiary relict flora
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Data from: Disentangling incomplete lineage sorting and introgression to refine species-tree estimates for Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes
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