Effect of heat treatment and osmotic storage on control of fungi associated with Inga vera seeds
<p>Figure 1. Weight gain (WG) of <em>I. vera</em> seeds soaked in distilled water or osmoconditioned in -1.0, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0 and -5, 0 MPa PEG 6000 solutions at 7°C, for 216 hours.</p>
<p>Figure 2. Representative scheme of heat treatment of<em> I. vera</em> seeds. HT = heat treatment (55 °C for 30 min); HT0 = HT applied at the beginning of the experiment; HT1 = HT applied initially and reapplied at 25 days of storage; HT2 = HT applied initially and reapplied at 25 and 50 days of storage. 1st HT = HT applied at the 1st day (seeds not stored); 2nd HT = HT applied after 25 days of storage; 3rd HT = HT applied after 50 days of storage.</p>
<p>Figure 3. Representative scheme of the storage of <em>I. vera</em> seeds. Initial batch = recently processed seeds; CONT = control; HT = Heat treatment (55 °C for 30 min); HT0 = HT applied at the beginning of the experiment; HT1 = HT applied initially and reapplied at 25 days of storage; HT2 = HT applied initially and reapplied at 25 and 50 days of storage; PB = storage in polyethylene bag; PEG = storage in polyethylene glycol solution; * = assessments of germination, water content, dry mass content, water potential, respiratory rates, seed health test and electrical conductivity carried out on the 1st, 25th, 50th and 75th day.</p>
<p>Figure 4. Frequency (%) of each fungus genus in relation to all fungal genera found in <em>I. vera</em> seeds.</p>
<p>Figure 5. Frequency (%) of fungi found in <em>I. vera</em> seeds stored in PB or PEG, for 25, 50 and 75 days.</p>
<p>Figure 6. Frequency (%) of fungi found in <em>I. vera</em> seeds by storage period.</p>
<p>Figure 7. Incidence of <em>Fusarium </em>sp., <em>Ceratocystis </em>sp., <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. and <em>Penicillium</em> sp. in <em>I. vera</em> seeds subjected to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days.</p>
<p>Figure 8 – Severity of <em>Fusarium</em> sp. in <em>I. vera</em> seeds submitted to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days. Zero - seed not infected by the analyzed fungus; Traces - growth up to 10% of the seed, with small colonies, and in a very small number; Low - growth up to 40% of the seed; Moderate - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with colonies with superficial and slow growth; High - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with a dense and evenly distributed colony.</p>
<p>Figure 9 – Severity of <em>Penicillium</em> sp. in <em>I. vera</em> seeds submitted to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days. Zero - seed not infected by the analyzed fungus; Traces - growth up to 10% of the seed, with small colonies, and in a very small number; Low - growth up to 40% of the seed; Moderate - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with colonies with superficial and slow growth; High - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with a dense and evenly distributed colony.</p>
<p>Figure 10 – Severity of <em>Ceratocystis </em>sp. in <em>I. vera</em> seeds submitted to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days. Zero - seed not infected by the analyzed fungus; Traces - growth up to 10% of the seed, with small colonies, and in a very small number; Low - growth up to 40% of the seed; Moderate - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with colonies with superficial and slow growth; High - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with a dense and evenly distributed colony.</p>
<p>Figure 11 – Severity of <em>Cladosporium</em> sp. in <em>I. vera</em> seeds submitted to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days. Zero - seed not infected by the analyzed fungus; Traces - growth up to 10% of the seed, with small colonies, and in a very small number; Low - growth up to 40% of the seed; Moderate - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with colonies with superficial and slow growth; High - growth from 41 to 100% of the seed, with a dense and evenly distributed colony.</p>
<p>Figure 12. Germination – Germ. (%) and germination after repiration – Germ. Resp. (%) (A, B, C, D), electrical conductivity – EC (µS.cm-1.g-1) (E, F, G, H) and water potential – Pw (MPa) (I, J, K, L) of <em>I. vera</em> seeds subjected to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A) and after storage for 25 (B), 50 (C) and 75 (D) days, before (A, E, I) and after 25 (B, F, J), 50 (C, G, K) and 75 (D, H, L) days of storage. Means followed by the same letter do not differ by Tukey's test, at 5% probability.</p>
<p>Figure 13. Oxygen consumption (µmol.gMS-1.d-1) (A, B, C, D), carbon dioxide production (µmol.gMS-1.d-1) (E, F, G, H) and respiratory quotient (CO2.O2-1) (I, J, K, L) of <em>I. vera</em> seeds submitted to heat treatments (HT0, HT0 PB, HT0 PEG, HT1 PB, HT1 PEG, HT2 PB, HT2, PEG) or not (CONT, CONT PB, CONT PEG), before (A, E, I) and after 25 (B, F, J), 50 (C, G, K) and 75 (D, H, L) days of storage. Means followed by the same letter (lower case, compares the same treatment at 12, 21 and 35 days; upper case, compares treatments at each time point: 12, 21 and 35 days) do not differ from each other by Tukey's test at 5% probability.</p>
<p>Figure 14. Darkness of <em>I. vera</em> seeds stored for 75 days in PB (CONT PB, HT0 PB, HT2 PB) and PEG (CONT PEG, HT0 PEG, HT2 PEG).</p>
restrictedMay 2023View details →
