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16 results for “Insect symbiosis”
Fig. 9 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 9. Electromyrmococcus inclusus Williams and Agosti, new species a. Adult female, dorsal aspect. b. Cephalothorax, ventral aspect.
Fig. 10. Electromyrmococcus reginae Williams, new species a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 10. Electromyrmococcus reginae Williams, new species a. Adult female, dorsolateral aspect. Arrow points to area held by ant with mandibles. b. Posterior segment, dorsal aspect. c. Antenna.
Fig. 5. a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 5. a. Acropyga sp. 1, gyne with mealybug between mandibles in amber from the Dominican Republic (Frankfurt collection piece, detail). b. Acropyga sp. 1, alate gyne and male in Dominican amber (Frankfurt collection piece). c. Acropyga sp. 2, dealate gyne and mealybug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Harvard collection piece, AMNH DR10228). d. Acropyga sp. 2, alate gyne and mealybug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Harvard collection piece, AMNH DR14403).
Fig. 4 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs (40–50X) of an Acropyga gyne from Saül, French Guiana, carrying a mealybug (collected by C. Johnson). a. Frontal view. b. Oblique lateral view.
Fig. 3 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 3. Alate female of a South African Acropyga carrying a Eumyrmococcus mealybug (redrawn from Prins [1982] by Williams [1993]).
Fig. 8. Electromyrmococcus abductus Williams, new species a in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 8. Electromyrmococcus abductus Williams, new species a. Adult female, ventral aspect. Arrows point to area held by ant with mandibles. b. Posterior segments, dorsal aspect. c. Posterior segments, ventral aspect. d. Anal area. e. Claw.
Fig. 1 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 1. World distribution of Acropyga subgenera (from Emery, 1925; Menozzi, 1936; Weber, 1944; Prins, 1982; Terayama, 1985; Williams, 1998).
Fig. 7 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 7. Azteca alpha Wilson workers with mealybugs in Dominican amber (Larimer piece, AMNH DR14–955). A = Azteca alpha Wilson; M = mealybug; C = Cecidomyiidae.
Fig. 2 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 2. Acropyga from Saül, French Guiana. An alate gyne carrying a mealybug while in copula.
Defensive fungal symbiosis on insect hindlegs
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Data from: Trade‐off between reproductive and anti‐competitor abilities in an insect–parasitic nematode–bacteria symbiosis
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Data from: Nuclear DNA based species delineations of Coccus scale insects in symbiosis with plants and ants, and the role of plant epicuticular wax in structuring associations
We undertook phylogenetic analysis of nuclear DNA to elucidate species boundaries in the symbiotic Coccus scale insects associated with mutualistic Crematogaster ants and Macaranga plants occurring in the ever-wet forests of Southeast Asia. The coccid specimens clustered into ten lineages, each corresponding to a morphospecies assignment. The lineage identified as C. secretus was separated from the Main Clade by an outgroup. We also examined all pairwise associations among the three symbiont guilds to understand how patterns of association were structured. The analyses revealed that each ant, plant or coccid operational (taxonomic) unit often associated with multiple O(T)Us of each of the other two guilds. However, where testing was feasible, a 'preference' for one or sometimes two partner O(T)Us of each guild was often detected. Mutual 'preferences' or 'avoidances' were relatively common among the symbionts, and no conflicts of interest were apparent. The network of preferred partners among all three guilds showed compartmentalization structured by the presence/absence of plant epicuticular wax, suggesting that this feature plays a fundamental role in how the symbionts select partners that best serve their needs. To a lesser degree, the network was also structured by whether the host plant stems were ant-excavated or hollowed naturally.
Data from: Nuclear DNA based species delineations of Coccus scale insects in symbiosis with plants and ants, and the role of plant epicuticular wax in structuring associations
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Intraspecific variation in symbiont density in an insect-microbe symbiosis
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Many insects host vertically-transmitted microbes, which can confer benefits to their hosts but are costly to maintain and regulate. A key feature of these symbioses is variation: for example, symbiont density can vary among host and symbiont genotypes. However, the evolutionary forces maintaining this variation remain unclear. We studied variation in symbiont density using the pea aphid (<i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>) and the bacterium <i>Regiella insecticola</i>, a symbiont that can protect its host against fungal pathogens. We found that relative symbiont density varies both between two <i>Regiella</i> phylogenetic clades and among aphid 'biotypes'. Higher-density symbiont infections are correlated with stronger survival costs, but variation in density has little effect on the protection <i>Regiella</i> provides against fungi. Instead, we found that in some aphid genotypes, a dramatic decline in symbiont density precedes the loss of a symbiont infection. Together, our data suggest that the optimal density of a symbiont infection is likely different from the perspective of aphid and microbial fitness. <i>Regiella</i> might prevent loss by maintaining high within-host densities, but hosts do not appear to benefit from higher symbiont numbers and may be advantaged by losing costly symbionts in certain environments. The standing variation in symbiont density observed in natural populations could therefore be maintained by antagonistic coevolutionary interactions between hosts and their symbiotic microbes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Intraspecific variation in symbiont density in an insect-microbe symbiosis
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Fig. 6 in Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis
Fig. 6. Mealybug (detail) in amber (Harvard collection piece, AMNH DR14403).
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