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467 results for “Insularity”
Schedatura dei notai dell'Italia meridionale e insulare dei secc. XIII-XV di cui si conservano i rispettivi registri
<p>L’obiettivo della schedatura dei notai nell'ambito del progetto NotMed (EL NOTARIAT PÚBLIC EN LA MEDITERRÀNIA OCCIDENTAL: ESCRIPTURA, INSTITUCIONS, SOCIETAT I ECONOMIA (SEGLES XIII-XV) - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. PID2019-105072GB-I00 - <a href="https://www.ub.edu/notmed/">https://www.ub.edu/notmed/</a>) era quello di conoscere il numero di volumi in legatura (protocolli notarili, bastardelli, etc.) esistenti nell’Italia meridionale e insulare per i secoli medievali e di creare una base per ulteriori ricerche.</p> <p>Hanno contribuito:</p> <p>Giuliano Capriolo, Andrea Casalboni, Gemma Teresa Colesanti, Martina Del Popolo, Corinna Drago, Alessandro Gaudiero, Antonio Macchione, Eleni Sakellariou, Daniela Santoro, Vera Isabell Schwarz-Ricci, Chiara Sciarroni, Alessandro Soddu, Maria Elisabetta Vendemia, Elisa Turrisi e Maurizio Vesco.</p> <p>NB.</p> <ul> <li> Nella dicitura “volumi in legatura” rientrano sia veri e proprio protocolli notarili sia bastardelli sia fascicoli rilegati.</li> <li> Il limite cronologico è l’anno 1500, tuttavia nei casi di notai che iniziano a rogare nella seconda metà del ‘400 sono confluiti nel censimento anche i registri dei primi decenni del ‘500.</li> <li> Per ogni notaio è stata compilata una singola scheda, tranne in due casi nei quali i protocolli si conservano in due istituzioni diverse.</li> <li> I volumi miscellanei sono stati conteggiati e schedati con una nota specifica inserita nel campo commento.</li> <li> È da tener presente che la base di rilevamento è eterogenea: alcune indicazioni si basano sull’esame autoptico del materiale, altre sulle indicazioni dell’inventario on line dell’archivio o su lavori pubblicati in precedenza. Per questo motivo si consiglia di consultare sempre le osservazioni del compilatore nel campo commento e le indicazioni sulla fonte dell’informazione.</li> </ul>
Code and data accompanying Palmeirim et al. (2022) Emergent properties of species-habitat networks in an insular forest landscape. Science Advances
<p>Dataset containing species distribution in insular forest fragments at Balbina and full R code for analyses and figures.</p> <p>For deatails, please see the original publication: "Emergent properties of species-habitat networks in an insular forest landscape". Ana Filipa Palmeirim, Carine Emer, Maíra Benchimol, Danielle Storck-Tonon, Anderson S. Bueno, Carlos A. Peres. Science Advances (2022). 10.1126/sciadv.abm0397.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset: Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences
<p>Dataset for Insular cortex dopamine 1 and 2 receptors in methamphetamine conditioned place preference and aversion: Age and sex differences</p>
Figure 2 in A new species of Habralictus (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from the Island of Grenada (Lesser Antilles) with comments on the insular species of the genus
Figure 2. Terminalia of the male of H. insularis sp. n.: a T6 b S7+S8 c genital capsule: left, ventral view, right, dorsal view.
Data from: Proximate and ultimate drivers of variation in bite force in the insular lizards Podarcis melisellensis and Podarcis sicula
<p>Bite force is a key performance trait in lizards since biting is involved in many ecologically relevant tasks, including foraging, fighting, and mating. Several factors have been previously suggested to impact bite force in lizards, such as head morphology (proximate factors), or diet, intraspecific competition, and habitat characteristics (ultimate factors). However, these have been generally investigated separately and mostly at the interspecific level. We tested which factors drive variation in bite force at the population level and to what extent. Our study includes 20 populations of two closely-related lacertid species, <i>Podarcis melisellensis </i>and <i>Podarcis sicula</i>, which inhabit islands in the Adriatic. We found that lizards with more forceful bites have relatively wider and taller heads, and consume more hard prey and plant material. Island isolation correlates with bite force, likely by driving the resource availability. Bite force is only poorly explained by proxies of intraspecific competition. The linear distance from a large island and the proportion of difficult-to-reduce food items consumed are the ultimate factors that explain most of the variation in bite force. Our findings suggest that the way in which morphological variation affects bite force is species-specific, likely reflecting the different selective pressures operating on the two species.</p>
Data from: Sporadic genetic connectivity among small insular populations of the rare geoendemic plant Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Santa Barbara Jewelflower)
Globally, a small number of plants have adapted to terrestrial outcroppings of serpentine geology, which are characterized by soils with low levels of essential mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mo) and toxic levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co). Paradoxically, many of these plants are restricted to this harsh environment. Caulanthus ampexlicaulis var. barbarae (Brassicaceae) is a rare annual plant that is strictly endemic to a small set of isolated serpentine outcrops in the coastal mountains of central California. The goals of the work presented here were to 1) determine the patterns of genetic connectivity among all known populations of Caulanthus ampexlicaulis var. barbarae, and 2) estimate contemporary effective population sizes (Ne), in order to inform ongoing genomic analyses of the evolutionary history of this taxon, and to provide a foundation upon which to model its future evolutionary potential and long-term viability in a changing environment. Eleven populations of this taxon were sampled, and population-genetic parameters were estimated using 11 nuclear microsatellite markers. Contemporary effective population sizes were estimated using multiple methods and found to be strikingly small (typically Ne < 10). Further, our data showed that a substantial component of genetic connectivity of this taxon is not at equilibrium, and instead showed sporadic gene flow. Several lines of evidence indicate that gene flow between isolated populations is maintained through long-distance seed dispersal (e.g. > 1 km), possibly via zoochory.
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1 in Comparative Genetics Of Apodemus Agrarius (Rodentia: Mammalia) From Insular And Continental Eurasian Populations: Cytochrome B Sequence Analyses
Fig. 1. Collectionsitesfor 91 specimensfrom 29 locationsof Apodemusagrarius, usedin thisstudy. ThespecimennumberforeachlocationarelistedinTable 1, andminimum Jukes-Cantordistancesbetween 17 haplotypesfrommainlandKoreaandother 49 haplo- typesfromsevenregions (Taiwan, Jeju, northeasternChina, easternChina, centralChina, Far-easternRussia, andEurope) basedonthecytochrome b completesequencesaregiven
Data set of Reversing anterior insular cortex neuronal hypoexcitability attenuates compulsive behavior in juvenile rats
<p>Development of self-regulatory competencies during adolescence is partially dependent on normative brain maturation. Here we report that adolescent rats as compared to adults exhibit impulsive and compulsive-like behavioral traits, the latter being associated with lower expression of mRNA levels of the immediate early gene zif268 in the anterior insula cortex (AIC). This suggests that underdeveloped AIC function in adolescent rats could contribute to an immature pattern of interoceptive cue integration in decision-making and a compulsive phenotype. In support of this, we report that layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the adolescent rat AIC are hypoexcitable and receive fewer glutamatergic synaptic inputs compared to adults. Chemogenetic activation of the AIC attenuated compulsive traits in adolescent rats supporting the idea that in early stages of AIC maturity there exists a suboptimal integration of sensory and cognitive information that contributes to inflexible behaviors in specific conditions of reward availability.</p>
Effects of insularity on genetic diversity within and among natural populations
<p>We conducted a review of genetic diversity (GD) within and among populations in relation to categorical population size and isolation (together "insularity"). Using populations from within the same studies, we were able to control for between-study variation in methodology, as well as demographic and life histories. Contradictory to typical expectations, insularity had relatively minor effects on GD within and among population, which points to the more important roles of other factors in shaping evolutionary processes. Such effects of insularity were sometimes seen – particularly in systems (i.e. studies) where GD was already high overall. That is, insularity influenced GD in a study system when GD was high even in non-insular populations of the same system – suggesting an important role for the "scope" of influences on GD. These conclusions were more robust for within - population GD than among - population GD, although a number of biases might underlie this difference. Overall, our findings indicate that population-level genetic assumptions need to be tested rather than assumed in nature, particularly for topics highly relevant to current conservation management practices.</p> <p> </p>
FIG. 12 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 12. — Water and a little fodder provided to feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 on Agia Moni, Kythera, by their owner makes them more approachable and facilitates capture of kids for consumption. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 10 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 10. — Feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 caught in a small trap with dry-stone entrance ramp, Mt Psiloritis, Crete. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 11 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 11. — Feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 drinking (more or less fresh) water on the shoreline at Avlemonas, Kythera: nos. 1-2 from rock pools above sea-level and no. 3 from the sea. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 8 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 8. — Kakia Langada gorge, Kythera: A, the inland origin of the gorge viewed from medieval Paliochora – drivers on the high ground to left and right ushered the goats (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) down the gorge towards the sea; B, the mouth of the gorge – the goats were trapped on the storm beach between the sea, the steep walls of the gorge and the muddy pool in the bottom of the gorge. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 9. — A in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 9. — A medium-sized (c. 50m2) purpose-built trap on Kythera with water trough, scattered remnants of hay, and dry-stone entrance ramp to right. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 7 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 7. — Trapped feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 on Crete with ears clipped (red circles) to mark ownership. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 6 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 6. — The fresh growth on evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) bushes (Kythera, spring 2018) is particularly sought out by feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 5 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 5. — On Kythera feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 initially occupied rocky and sparsely vegetated parts of the landscape but latterly, with the widespread abandonment of cultivation, have expanded their range to areas with richer forage. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 4 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 4. — The last resting place of an elderly feral goat Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 with a broken jaw in a rock-cut "cave" (previously used as a shelter for domestic goats and sheep) on eastern Kythera. Remains of feral goats, especially adult females and newborn kids, can also be found in many abandoned rural out-buildings. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 2 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 2. — Typical feral goat Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 habitat: cliffs and caves above Kato Zakros, eastern Crete. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
FIG. 3 in Management of feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 in insular southern Greece: implications for prehistory
FIG. 3. — Feral goats Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758 browsing above Gonies on mid-slopes of Mt Psiloritis, central Crete. Photo credit: Valasia Isaakidou.
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OpenNeuro
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