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220 results for “Island Ecology”
Data from: Basin-scale biogeochemical and ecological impacts of islands in the tropical Pacific Ocean
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>In the relatively unproductive waters of the tropical ocean, islands can enhance phytoplankton biomass and create hotspots of productivity and biodiversity that sustain upper trophic levels, including fish that are crucial to the survival of islands’ inhabit- ants. This phenomenon, termed the island mass effect 65 years ago, has been widely described. However, most studies focused on individual islands, and very few documented phytoplankton community composition. Consequently, basin-scale impacts on phytoplankton biomass, primary production and biodiversity remain largely unknown. Here we systematically identify enriched waters near islands from satellite chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) to analyse the island mass effect for all tropical Pacific islands on a climatological basis. We find enrichments near 99% of islands, impacting 3% of the tropical Pacific Ocean. We quantify local and basin-scale increases in chlorophyll and primary production by contrasting island-enriched waters with nearby waters. We also reveal a significant impact on phytoplankton community structure and biodiversity that is identifiable in anomalies in the ocean colour signal. Our results suggest that, in addition to strong local bio- geochemical impacts, islands may have even stronger and farther-reaching ecological impacts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data set and method</strong></p> <p>For each island, an algorithm detected the Island Mass Effect (IME) from climatological satellite chlorophyll maps as a contour enclosing the island and surrounding high-chlorophyll waters, termed IME region. A reference (REF) region of the same size was detected alongside each IME region, enclosing nearby non-IME waters. The IME and REF regions were used to build the IME database described in Messié et al. (2022), that includes variables related to satellite chlorophyll, primary production, and PHYSAT phenoclass diversity metrics in IME and REF regions on a climatological basis.</p> <p>This data set includes 4 files:</p> <ul> <li>island_database.csv: information regarding the 664 islands and shallow reefs where the IME detection was applied</li> <li>IME_masks.nc: monthly climatological masks for the IME and REF regions for all islands,</li> <li>IME_database.nc: IME database as a function of island and climatological month (chlorophyll, primary production, and phenoclass-derived variables calculated within the IME and REF masks).</li> <li>PHYSAT_climatology.nc: climatological maps for each PHYSAT phenoclass, used to calculate phenoclass-derived variables in the IME database.</li> </ul> <p>See details regarding data sources and calculations in <a href="https://rdcu.be/cO4qr">Messié et al. (2022)</a>.</p>
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - SARI SET Surface Water level data from Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
Interagency Ecological Program and US Fish and Wildlife Service: Juvenile/Larval Fish and Zooplankton collections at Liberty Island, California 2002-2005 & 2013-2019
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office (LFWO) Delta Juvenile Fish Monitoring Program (DJFMP) has intermittently sampled Liberty Island with various equipment since 2002. Liberty Island was a reclaimed agricultural island until it flooded in 1997-1998 and we subsequently left to passively restore as a tidally influenced wetland. Larval trawls and beach were the only sampling methods used during both early (2002-2005) and late (2009-2019) sampling periods. The main purpose of the sampling was to gather information about fish presence and abundance in Liberty Island during the passive restoration, with an emphasis on reproductive and early life-stages of native species. Larval trawls, or tow nets, were used to catch larval fish in 2004-2005 and again from 2013-2019. Zooplankton nets were used 2013-2019. Water quality measurements were collected alongside each tow.
FIGURE 5 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 5 Spatial distribution of juvenile Raja clavata (<60 cm) catch per unit effort (CPUE) from annual Shetland inshore fish surveys (SIFS) conducted between 2017 and 2022. Blue crosses indicate inshore habitat surveys (20–50 m water depth), and red crosses indicate shallow water habitat surveys (50–150 m water depth). The size of circle indicates CPUE. The location of each R. clavata individual was assigned as the midpoint of the associated tow.
FIGURE 2 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 2 Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Raja clavata for the shallow (red) (2017–2022) and inshore (blue) (2011–2022) survey locations. The mean result is shown by solid lines, and the shaded area represents the variability between tows (standard error).
FIGURE 1 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 1 Inshore (blue) and shallow (red) survey tow habitats during Shetland Inshore Fish Survey. Tows identified by their station code and corresponding fishing grounds, for example, HA01, Fitful Head.
FIGURE 4 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot showing ordinations generated from a Bray–Curtis similarity matrix on Raja clavata catch per unit effort (CPUE) Bray-Curtis similarities between shallow water and inshore habitat tow locations. Surveys are grouped into shallow (red) and inshore (blue) habitats. Labels represent survey habitat and year, for example, I22 = Inshore survey conducted in 2022. nMDS plot 2D stress is 0.06, indicating a clear distinction of the two clusters (dashed lines). Inset picture shows two Raja clavata sampled in a tow; basket diameter at base is 35 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
FIGURE 3 Length-frequency distribution, by sex, of Raja clavata in shallow and inshore locations from 2017 to 2022. This presents raw count data, before standardization to account for tow effort. Counts are summed up across the years 2017–2022.
Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos
Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence has uncovered exceptions to this 'island effect'. Here, we tested this pattern using the geckos of the genus Pristurus from continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. Using a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset, we explore the differences in phenotypic evolution between Socotran and continental taxa. Moreover, we reconstructed ancestral habitat occupancy to examine if ecological specialization is correlated with morphological change, comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found a heterogeneous outcome of island colonization. Namely, only one of the three colonization events resulted in a body size increase. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialization explains better the body size and shape evolution in Pristurus . Particularly, the colonization of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very similar body size and head proportions. These results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continent–island systems.
Figures 9–12 in The Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Greek islands and Cyprus: An annotated checklist with remarks on ecology, zoogeography, and new records on the East Mediterranean fauna
Figures 9–12. Adults of Tabanidae, frontal view. 9. Atylotus agrestis. 10. Tabanus gratus. 11. Tabanus taeniola. 12. Tabanus sufis. Scale bar – 5 mm.
Figure 13 in The Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Greek islands and Cyprus: An annotated checklist with remarks on ecology, zoogeography, and new records on the East Mediterranean fauna
Figure 13. Map of the East Mediterranean islands and the neighboring territories considered in the study.
Figures 1–4 in The Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Greek islands and Cyprus: An annotated checklist with remarks on ecology, zoogeography, and new records on the East Mediterranean fauna
Figures 1–4. Adults of Tabanidae, dorsal view. 1. Atylotus agrestis. 2. Tabanus gratus. 3. Tabanus taeniola. 4. Tabanus sufis. Scale bar – 5 mm
Figure 5 in First record of five fish species from Réunion Island observed during the inventory of the Marine Natural Zones of Interest for Ecology, Flora and Fauna (ZNIEFF)
Figure 5. – Specimen of Trichonotus marleyi photographed on 6 April 2017 at 20°55'30.54"S and 55°17'55.32"E.
Figure 3 in First record of five fish species from Réunion Island observed during the inventory of the Marine Natural Zones of Interest for Ecology, Flora and Fauna (ZNIEFF)
Figure 3. – Specimen of Fusigobius neophytus photographed on 22 November 2017 at 21°1'16.32"S and 55°13'31.84"E.
Figure 1 in First record of five fish species from Réunion Island observed during the inventory of the Marine Natural Zones of Interest for Ecology, Flora and Fauna (ZNIEFF)
Figure 1. – Location of the observation stations of the 5 fish species present- ed in this study on a geomorphological map of the Reunionese coastline.
Figure 4 in First record of five fish species from Réunion Island observed during the inventory of the Marine Natural Zones of Interest for Ecology, Flora and Fauna (ZNIEFF)
Figure 4. – Specimen of Samariscus triocellatus photographed on 4 May 2016 at 21°6'20.92"S and 55°46'16.72"E.
Figure 2 in First record of five fish species from Réunion Island observed during the inventory of the Marine Natural Zones of Interest for Ecology, Flora and Fauna (ZNIEFF)
Figure 2. – Specimen of Fusigobius inframaculatus photographed on 8 April 2016 at 21°21'18.54"S and 55°47'31.31"E.
Figure 1 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation
Figure 1. ContinentalFrancewiththedepartmentMayennehighlighted (A) andhabitatmodelforthe Fire salamander indepartment Mayenne (B). Themap representsthe habitat suitability model Ps = (1/ (1 + exp(−0.0303*percent_forest_cover-0.00562*altitude-0.0299*percent_hedgerow_cover + 1.769))) and was visualized with ILWIS 3.6 software58, available at https://52north.org/software/software-projects/ilwis/. Habitat suitability increases from deep blue with a probability of occurrence of zero to deep red with a probability of occurrence at unity (see colour bar). Prime fire salamander habitats are found at higher altitudes and are forested (in black) or with a dense hedgerow cover. Populations genetically investigated are located in and around the largely deciduous forests Forêt de Bourgon (FB) and Bois de Hermet (BH) and listed in Table 1.The outer geographicalcoordinates of the department are 1.239–0.049W and 47.733–48.568N.
Figure 3 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation
Figure 3. (A) Clustering of pairwise Fst-values of Kottenforstfire salamanderpopulations (localities K01-K47) with the UPGMA-method. Numbers K01-K27 represent populations in the western section of the forest and K28-K47 represent populationsin the eastern section of the forest. The basal cluster at Fst <0.04 is composed of two groups (shaded) composed of mostly eastern (14/16 = 88%) or mostlywestern localities (14/15 = 93%). Populations breeding in streams are shown by the letter S. Note that populations that join the dendrogram at higher Fst-values are characterized by mostlysmall effectivepopulation sizes (Ňe ≤ 10, indicated by small open dots; X – Ňe not determined). B top panel - Populationsplotted along the firstand second axis of a principal component analysis. Middle panel - Ellipses represent means ± standarddeviation for sevenstream populations (left ellipse) and 40 non-streampopulations (right ellipse). Lower panel - Ellipsesrepresent means ± standard deviation forthe western (left) and eastern (right) sectionof the Kottenforst, forsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10) shown by interruptedlines andfor larger populations (Ňe> 10) shown by uninterrupted lines. Notethat for the larger populations the ellipses for western and eastern localities do not overlap.
Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 in 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation
Figure 4. MicrosatellitepopulationgeneticdataforthefiresalamanderintheKottenforst, Germany21,24 analyzed in the framework of allopatric speciation, i.e. a secondary spatial contact of a western pond-breeding lineage and an eastern stream-breeding lineage. The 95% credible cline regions are shown by grey shading. Solid and open round symbolsrepresent larger (Ňe> 10) andsmall populations (Ňe ≤ 10), respectively. Note that the stream-breeding populations that gave the composite genotype its name are all located in the eastern section of the Kottenforst (six data points indicated with a forward slash (/). One 'intermittent stream' in the western section is indicated by a backward slash. Also note the paucity of data at and around the steepest part of the clines. A – loadings on the first PC axis versus geographical distance. The clinecentre is at km 365.3 of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid. Cline width is 3952 m. B – frequency of the stream-breeding genotype versus distance (after21). Thecline centre is at UTM km 365.1 and the cline widthis 1108 m. For model details see Supplementary Information VI.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.