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21 results for “Juvenile coral”
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Juvenile Coral
Coral larvae are selective with regards to the surfaces upon which they settle, but little is known about the outcome of these choices. In this study, we explored the implications for juvenile scleractinians (less than 40-mm diameter) of growing on igneous versus carbonate rock on the shallow reefs (5-m depth) of St. John, US Virgin Islands. Surveys revealed that juvenile corals occurred at densities of 16 colonies m− 2 and were distributed on igneous and carbonate rocks in proportion to the abundance of these surfaces, suggesting that larvae do not discriminate between rock types at settlement. Repeated surveys demonstrated that all juvenile corals (i.e., pooled among taxa) grew 41% slower on igneous versus carbonate rock between January and August, but not between August and January when the growth was statistically indistinguishable between rock types. Although the growth of the most common juvenile coral, Porites astreoides, was similar on both substrata, the photophysiology of this species was affected by the type of rock. The maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETR, a proxy for photosynthesis) of P. astreoides was down-regulated 30% on igneous compared to carbonate rock. Phylogenetic analyses of the Symbiodinium community sequence profiles within P. astreoides revealed significant differences between substrata, with a greater diversity of co-occurring ITS-2 sequences in corals growing on carbonate compared to igneous rock. While substratum-dependent patterns in the characteristics of juvenile corals suggested there is selective value to the settlement choices made by larvae, these trends did not translate into differences in survival, at least over the time scale investigated. It remains uncertain what features of the rocks affected coral performance, but differences in the temperature of the rock may be an important feature during the warmest period of the year.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community Dynamics: Juvenile Coral Density from 2005, ongoing
These data describe the density (colonies per quadrat of 0.5 x 0.5 m size) of juvenile corals on the fringing reefs and outer reef (10 m depth) of Moorea. Beginning in 2005, surveys are completed annually at LTER 1 and 2 in the austral autumn (April-May). Addition event-motivated sampling began in 2011 with additional sites from the other two shores of Moorea surveyed and surveys at LTER 1 and 2 repeated in August; these surveys will likely continue for 1-2 years but will not become a maintained component of the annual sampling. The focus is on juvenile corals defined as individuals less than or equal to 40 mm diameter. These data include juvenile scleractinian corals and juvenile Millepora spp. (Class: Hydrozoa; Order Hydroida, Sub Order Anthomedusae, Family Milleporidae). These transects are co-located with annual photographic surveys and, therefore, broad community descriptors are also available.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Juvenile Parrotfish Habitat Associations at North Shore Fringe and Backreef in March 2011
These data describe habitat associations of juvenile parrotfish (Scaridae) encountered during systematic searches at LTER 1 and LTER 2 fringing reef and back reef sites during March 2011. At each site SCUBA divers or snorkelers identified, counted, and estimated the sizes of juvenile parrotfish and recorded the microhabitat that each individual or group of individuals was associated with on two 100 m x 10 m wide transects (n = 8 transects total). Upon encountering a juvenile or group of juveniles, the surveyor recorded the microhabitat type that fishes were first seen to be closest to. They also closely observed the behavior of fishes to see if they were utilizing a particular microhabitat as shelter, and if so this was also recorded. Several groups of fishes first observed to be grazing on hard substrate or on macroalgae quickly retreated into the nearby coral Porites rus when approached. Hence for these individuals we considered the initial habitat they were associated with (e.g., hard substrate or macroalgae) to be their primary microhabitat, but also noted that they were associated with Porites rus for shelter.
Data from: Ageing of juvenile coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus) reveals year-round spawning and recruitment: Implications for seasonal closures
<p>Temporal patterns in spawning and juvenile recruitment can have major effects on population size and the demographic structure of coral reef fishes. For harvested species, these patterns are crucial in determining stock size and optimising management strategies such as seasonal closures. For the commercially important coral grouper (<em>Plectropomus</em> spp.) on the Great Barrier Reef, histological studies indicate peak spawning around the summer new moons. Here we examine the timing of spawning activity for <em>P. maculatus</em> in the southern Great Barrier Reef by deriving age in days for 761 juvenile fish collected between 2007 and 2022, and back-calculating settlement and spawning dates. Age-length relationships were used to estimate spawning and settlement times for a further 1,002 juveniles collected over this period. Unexpectedly, our findings indicate year-round spawning activity generates distinct recruitment cohorts that span several weeks to months. Peak spawning varied between years with no clear association with environmental cues, and little to no alignment with existing seasonal fisheries closures around the new moon. Given the variability and uncertainty in peak spawning times, this fishery may benefit from additional and longer seasonal closures, or alternative fisheries management strategies, to maximise the recruitment contribution from periods of greatest reproductive success.</p>
Data from: Ageing of juvenile coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus) reveals year-round spawning and recruitment: Implications for seasonal closures
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Chemosensory behaviour of juvenile crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster sp.), attraction to algal and coral food, and avoidance of adult conspecifics
<p>Intraspecific and habitat-mediated responses to chemical cues play key roles in structuring populations of marine species. We investigated the behaviour of herbivorous-stage juvenile crown-of-thorns sea stars (COTS: <em>Acanthaster</em> sp.) in flow-through choice chambers to determine if chemical cues from their habitat influence movement and their transition to becoming coral predators. Juveniles at the diet transition stage were exposed to cues from their nursery habitat (coral rubble-crustose coralline algae -CCA), live coral, and adult COTS to determine if waterborne cues influence movement. In response to CCA and coral as sole cues juveniles moved toward the cue source and when these cues were presented in combination, they exhibited a preference for coral. Juveniles moved away from adult COTS cues. Exposure to food cues (coral, CCA) in the presence of adult cues resulted in variable responses. Our results suggest a feedback mechanism whereby juvenile behaviour is mediated by adult chemical cues. Cues from the adult population may deter juveniles from the switch to corallivory. As outbreaks wane, juveniles released from competition may serve as a proximate source of outbreaks, supporting the juveniles-in-waiting hypothesis. The accumulation of juveniles within the reef infrastructure is an underappreciated potential source of COTS outbreaks that devastate coral reefs.</p>
The scaling of metabolic traits differs among larvae and juvenile colonies of scleractinian corals
<p>Body size profoundly affects organism fitness and ecosystem dynamics through the scaling of physiological traits. This study tests for variation in metabolic scaling and its potential drivers among corals differing in life history strategies and taxonomic identity. Data were compiled from published sources and augmented with empirical measurements of corals in Moorea, French Polynesia. The data compilation revealed metabolic isometry in broadcasted larvae, but size-independent metabolism in brooded larvae; empirical measures of <em>Pocillopora acuta</em> larvae also supported size-independent metabolism in brooded coral larvae. In contrast, for juvenile colonies (i.e., 1–4 cm diameter), metabolic scaling was isometric for <em>Pocillopora</em> spp. and negatively allometric for <em>Porites</em> spp. The scaling of biomass with surface area was isometric for <em>Pocillopora</em> spp., but positively allometric for <em>Porites</em> spp., suggesting the surface area:biomass ratio mediates metabolic scaling in these corals. The scaling of tissue biomass and metabolism was not affected by light treatment (i.e., either natural photoperiods or constant darkness) in both juvenile taxa. However, biomass was reduced by 9–15% in the juvenile corals from the light treatments and this coincided with higher metabolic scaling exponents, thus supporting the causal role of biomass in driving variation in scaling. This study shows that metabolic scaling is plastic in the early life stages of corals, with intrinsic differences between life history strategy (i.e., brooded and broadcasted larvae) and taxa (i.e., <em>Pocillopora </em>spp<em>. </em>and <em>Porites </em>spp<em>.</em>), and acquired differences attributed to changes in area-normalized biomass.</p>
Chemosensory behaviour of juvenile crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster sp.), attraction to algal and coral food, and avoidance of adult conspecifics
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The scaling of metabolic traits differs among larvae and juvenile colonies of scleractinian corals
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Data from: The influence of habitat and adults on the spatial distribution of juvenile corals
Population distributions are affected by a variety of spatial processes, including dispersal, intraspecific dynamics, and habitat selection. Within reef-building coral communities, these processes are especially important during the earliest life stages when reproduction provides mobility among sessile organisms and populations experience the greatest mortality bottlenecks both before and immediately after settlement. Here, we used large-area imaging to create photomosaics that allowed us to identify and map the location of 4,681 juvenile (1-5 cm diameter) and 25,902 adult (>5 cm diameter) coral colonies from eight 100m2 plots across the forereef of Palmyra Atoll. Using metrics of density, percent cover, and the relative location of each colony within each plot, we examined abundance and spatial relationships between juvenile and adult coral taxa. Within coral taxa, juvenile density was generally positively related to the numerical density and percent cover of adults. Nearest neighbor analyses showed aggregation of juveniles near adults of the same taxon for two of the focal taxa (Pocillopora and Fungiids), while all other taxa showed random spatial patterning relative to adults. Three taxa had clustered distributions of juveniles overall. Additionally, we found that on a colony level, juveniles for five of nine focal taxa (accounting for >98% of all identified juveniles) associated with a specific habitat type, with four of those five taxa favoring unconsolidated (e.g., rubble) over consolidated substrata. The general lack of clustering in juvenile corals contrasts with consistent clustering patterns seen in adult corals, suggesting that adult spatial patterns are largely driven by processes occurring after maturity such as partial colony mortality, including fission and fragmentation. The association of many taxa with unconsolidated habitat also suggests that corals may play an important role in colonizing natural rubble patches that could contribute to reef stabilization over time.
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 6. Schematic showing the movement of hawksbill turtles between foraging and resting sites: (1) foraging on reef flat; (2) ascending to the surface once foraging has ended; (3) descending down reef face; (4) resting site (typically sandy bottomed); (5) ascending to surface following period of rest and return to foraging site.
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 7. Comparison of foraging depth (active and stationary combined) with the depth of the resting site (post-foraging) (open circle). Line of equivalence (i.e. foraging depth= resting depth). Data represent occasions when the turtle was observed to swim repeatedly between foraging and resting sites (N=11) and not when observed at either site independently. Superimposed are mean dive depth data (±1 SD) for juvenile hawksbills taken from table 3 in van Dam and Diez (1996) (closed circle).
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 5. Mean depth (±1 SD) for different behaviours at the six study sites combined. SF, stationary foraging; AF, active foraging; R, resting; AR, assisted resting.
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 3. Comparison of actual and estimated sizes of the four mock-up carapaces (±1 SD). Data shown represent a combination of all observers (N=6). Line of equivalence (i.e. actual size=estimated size) is shown.
Data from: The influence of habitat and adults on the spatial distribution of juvenile corals
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F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 2. Side view of mock-up carapace attached to the seabed during the calibration experiment.
Data from: Maternal effects and Symbiodinium community composition drive differential patterns in juvenile survival in the coral Acropora tenuis
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Phosphate bound to calcareous sediments hamper skeletal development of juvenile coral
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Rapid acclimation of juvenile corals to CO2-mediated acidification by up-regulation of HSP and Bcl-2 genes
GEO Series GSE61114. Acropora millepora. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
F in Habitat utilization by juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata, Linnaeus, 1766) around a shallow water coral reef
F. 4. Frequency distribution showing estimated sizes of hawksbill turtles (after corrections) observed at the six study sites between 8 March 2000 and 1 April 2000. Additionally marked is the mean size (N=9) and range of nesting hawksbills at Cousin Island, Seychelles (Diamond, 1976).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.