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FIG. 3 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 3. — Lithostratigraphic column showing the lithology, constituents and facies of the Dhudial Section.

FIG. 5 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 5. — Photomicrographs of thin slides: A, Planktonic foraminifera () and ferroan euhedral dolomite crystals () (S# 09); B, dolomitized zone () with planktonic foraminifera (), radiolarians () and ostracods () (S# 25); C, contact of the foraminiferal wackestone and packstone patch (S# 22); D, radiolarian rich facies showing radiolarians () and calcispheres () (S# 18); E, Heterohelix sp. () along with radiolarians () and ostracods () (S# 17); F, dolomitized zone between the lime mudstone (MS) and wackestone (WS) (S# 11); G, tectonic induced fracturing (S# 07); H, radiolarians () and zoned ferroan dolomite crystals in the mudstone facies (S# 11); I, well rounded feldspar grains (S# 38); J, chert lithic (S# 36); K, ferruginous matrix (S# 37); L, quartz () and feldspar () grains in Hangu Formation (S# 38). Scale bars: A-C, F, G, 200 µm; D, E, H-L, 100 µm.

FIG. 1 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 1. — Regional geological map after Burg (2011). The red square corresponds to studied location at Dhudial.

FIG. 9 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 9. — Sketch showing the platform evolution through different stages. The platform geometry in the early Campanian time (Stage I) during deposition of Kawagarh Formation was characterized by a steeper ramp. An incised valley and sequence boundary developed in Stage II during Selandian and the platform configuration became much gentler during the Thanetian (Stage III) as the accommodation space filled up.

FIG. 7 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 7. — Chart showing the sequence stratigraphic framework, sea level changes and paleoecology of the Dhudial Section.

FIG. 8 in Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, facies and sequence stratigraphy analysis across the K-Pg Boundary in Hazara, Lesser Himalayas (Dhudial Section)

FIG. 8. — Chart showing the planktonic foraminiferal distribution and biozones of the Dhudial Section.

FIG. 1 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 1. Shaded relief map (based on Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 3 arcsecond/90 m digital elevation model) of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, showing the location of the 8abc limestone locality.

FIG. 2 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 2. Nearly complete left maxilla of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Medial view also shows the palpebral, which remained attached to the maxilla. C, Close-up of third (preserved) maxillary tooth from rear. Abbreviations: ASAF, anterior superior alveolar foramen; cr.tv., crista transversalis; fac.pr., facial process; j.gr., jugal groove; l.fac., lacrimal facet; lat.r., lateral ridge (= crista lateralis); l.rec., lacrimal recess; n.fac., nasal facet; palp., palpebral; prf.rec., prefrontal recess.

FIG. 6 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 6. Central fragment of left scapulocoracoid of USNM PAL 768729. The scapula and coracoid are indistinguishably fused. Abbreviations: cc.for., coracoid foramen; gl.fos., glenoid fossa; sc-cc.fen., scapulocoracoid fenestra; sc.for., scapular foramen.

FIG. 5 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 5. Dorsal vertebra of USNM PAL 768729. A, dorsal, B, left lateral, and C, ventral views. Note the low neural spine. Abbreviations: cond., condyle; cot., cotyle; n.sp., neural spine; poz., postzygapophysis; prz., prezygapophysis; syn., synapophysis.

FIG. 8 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of USNM PAL 768729 based on four methods (above and opposite page). A, Maximum parsimony with enforced molecular constraint. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support based on 1000 replications. Results with no constraint have identical topology with respect to Pan-Xenosaurus. B, Standard Bayesian inference. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities. C, Fossilized birth-death

FIG. 7 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 7. Relation between maxillary tooth length and snout-vent length (SVL) in iguanid lizards (log-log space). Ordinary least squares regression was used to predict SVL from tooth length. Iguanid lizards were preferred to anguimorphs because the broad spectrum of body size covered by available skeletons did not require extrapolation. Red dot represents prediction for USNM PAL 768729.

FIG. 4 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 4. Partial left mandible of USNM PAL 768729 in medial view. A, Articular region, with broken retroarticular process. B, Middle region, including coronoid and angular. Abbreviations: ang., angular; cb.I, ceratobranchial I; cn., coronoid; part., prearticular; p.mh.f., posterior mylohyoid foramen; ra.pr., retroarticular process; spl.fac., splenial facet.

FIG. 3 in New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America

FIG. 3. Right jugal of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Abbreviations: mx.fac., maxillary facet; qj.tub., quadratojugal tubercle.

FIGURE 5 in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 5. (A, B) Line drawing of the fossil species Spinopinnophyllum acanthorachis S. Kumar, T. Su and M. A. Khan sp. nov. (Scale bars = 1 cm).

FIGURE 4. Fossil species Spinopinnophyllum acanthorachis S. Kumar, T in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 4. Fossil species Spinopinnophyllum acanthorachis S. Kumar, T. Su and M. A. Khan sp. nov. (SKBUH/PPL/ UL28). (A) Fossil palm leaf specimen showing a distinct rachis with well-separated leaf segments and scars of spine bases (marked by 1, 2, 3, and 4) (scale bar = 1 cm); (B) A modern palm leaf of Calamus L. (Arecaceae) showing a robust rachis with spines and leaf segments (scale bar = 1 cm); (C) An enlarged view of fig. A showing a robust rachis with scars of spine bases and leaf segments (scale bar = 1 cm); (D) A large view of scar of the base of the spine (scale bar = 0.3 cm).

FIGURE 6 in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 6. Spines on the rachises of different species of modern pinnate palms. (A) Astrocaryum sciophilum (Miq.) Pulle, 1916; (B) Plectocomia dransfieldiana Madulid, 1981; (C) Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret, 1932; (D) Acrocomia totai Martius, 1944; (E) Astrocaryum murumuru Martius, 1824; (F) Bactris gasipaes Kunth, 1816; (G) Desmoncus chinantlensis Liebm. ex Martius, 1853; (H) Aiphanes verrucosa Borchsenius and Balslev, 1990; (I) Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Martius, 1853 (scale bars = 1 cm, source: The Herbarium Catalogue, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, published on the internet http://www.kew.org/herbcat).

FIGURE 1 in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 1. Spines on different palm organs (A) stem; (B) leaf petiole; (C) leaflet; (D) leaf axis (Rachis); (E) rootlet; (F) fruit.

FIGURE 3. Fossil species Spinopinnophyllum acanthorachis S. Kumar, T in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 3. Fossil species Spinopinnophyllum acanthorachis S. Kumar, T. Su and M. A. Khan sp. nov. (SKBUH/PPL/ Um/L/48). (A) A palm leaf specimen showing a stout rachis with well-preserved spines (marked by white arrows) and well-separated plicate leaf segments; (scale bar = 1 cm); (B) A part of the fossil leaf specimen showing two prominent spines on the rachis (scale bar = 1 cm); (C) Counterpart of SKBUH/PPL/Um/L/48 (scale bar = 1 cm); (D, F, H, J) Enlarged views of S. acanthorachis leaf showing the different orientation of spines on the rachis; (E, G, I, K). Line drawing of (D, F, H, J) (scale bars = 1 cm).

FIGURE 2 in The earliest fossil evidence of spiny feather (pinnate-leaved) palms from the K-Pg of Gondwana

FIGURE 2. (A) Map showing Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), red star showing fossil locality (modified after Smith et al., 2015); (B) Recovered spiny feather palms from surface exposures of Deccan sediments; (C) Palaeocontinental map showing the position of the surviving Indian plate and the fossil locality (red dot) at 65.5 Ma. Note that the now subducted 'Greater India' is not shown as its dimensions are poorly constrained, nor is the Tethyan Himalaya microterrane (base maps from https://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/paleomap.html).