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16 results for “Lacuna”
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 4. Juglandaceae Carya (a–w). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–d: USNM PAL 772352, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Obliquelateral view of nut, apex up. b: Basal view with damage to left and clear depiction of meridional grooves. c, d: Two lateral views oriented about 130° from each other and avoiding the area of damage; the meridional grooves clear in (c). e–l: USNM PAL 772350. e: Intact nut, lateral view, apex up, reflected light. f: One half of split nut revealing in situ chalcedony locule cast, reflected light. g–k: Virtual sections from micro-CT data. g: Longitudinal section parallel to the exposed face in (f). h: Longitudinal section at 90° from (g). i: Transverse section in apical 1/3 showing locule bracketed by C-shaped lacunae (arrows). j: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of the locule separated by primary septum, lacuna evident below as white line. k: Transverse section near base
parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone. in Palaeohistology helps reveal taxonomic variability in exceptionally large temnospondyl humeri from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów, SW Poland
parallel-fibered bone; A5, osteocyte lacunae with well-preserved canaliculi; B3, osteocyte lacunae lacking canaliculi; B4, B5, growth pattern with preserved residuals of the thick annuli and zones (zo I–III) and thin annuli and zones (zo IV–VII); A6, growth pattern with preserved thin annuli and thick zones (zo I–IV), the dotted line marks the border between the perimedullary region and the cortex. Arrows in A5 and B3 indicate osteocyte lacunae; in B4, B5, and A6 indicate the annuli. Growth pattern in B4 figured on the lateral section side, in B5 and A5 on the ventral side; note the cortex thickness variation between B4 and B5. A1, A3, A4, A6, B1, B4, B5 in polarized light and A2, A5, B2, B3 in normal transmitted light. Abbreviations: an, annulus; ec, erosion cavity; pmr, perimedullary region; pos, primary osteon; sos, secondary osteon; zo, zone.
Fig. 1 in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. gen., nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea
Fig. 1. Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. gen., nov. spec. (A, B), living specimens and (C–E), after protargol impregnation. (A, B), ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views of representative specimens; arrow denotes contractile vacuole. (C, D), ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views of the holotype specimen. (E), ventral views showing the variation of frontal-ventral-transverse cirri. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK1, dorsal kinety 1; EM, endoral membrane; G, cortical granules; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Fig. 2 in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. gen., nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea
Fig. 2. Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. gen., nov. spec. (A–E), living specimens; (F–K), after protargol impregnation. (A, D), ventral views of representative specimens. (B, C, E), dorsal views showing cortical granules and dorsal bristles. (F–K), dorsal (F, J) and ventral (G–I, K) views showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; DB, dorsal bristle; DK1–4, dorsal kineties 1–4; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirrus; G, cortical granules; LMR, left marginal cirral row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal cirral row; TC, transverse cirri; VC, ventral cirri. Scale bars: 100 µm in A–D and 50 µm in F–G.
Fig. 3 in Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. gen., nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Oxytrichidae) from South Korea
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree of SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Pseudocyrtohymenides lacunae nov. spec. on the basis of Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). Bootstrap values of ML and posterior probabilities of BI were denoted on each interior branch. If the values of the bootstrap and the posterior probability were less than 50% and 0.50, respectively, they were excluded. The scale bar represents one nucleotide substitution per 100 nt.
Data from: Spatial and temporal variation in grazing damage by the gastropod Lacuna vincta in Nova Scotian kelp beds
Population increases of the gastropod Lacuna vincta have been associated with significant damage to kelp blades and decreases in kelp biomass in subtidal kelp beds off Nova Scotia, Canada. We measured the total level and along-blade distribution of grazing damage by Lacuna vincta on the dominant kelp species at 5 sites in Nova Scotia, Canada, over a 15 mo period. Grazing was typically low or absent in the basal regions of blades, consistent with seasonal fluctuations in growth and physical properties of blade tissues. Grazing was largely concentrated in middle and distal sections, although this distribution varied with site exposure and over time. The cover of the invasive bryozoan Membranipora membranacea on the surface of kelp blades did not have a strong effect on grazing by L. vincta. The total level of grazing damage (max. 1% of blade area for Saccharina longicruris and 1.5% for Laminaria digitata) varied seasonally, with peaks in September at some sites. Spatial variation was driven in part by a negative relationship with site exposure. In a field experiment, simulated grazing damage that exceeded a threshold value of 0.5 to 1.0% of blade area caused a significant increase in blade loss during a period of heavy wave action due to a passing hurricane. Our results show that direct reductions in kelp biomass through grazing by L. vincta are relatively small, but can indirectly lead to significant losses of kelp biomass during large wave events.
FIGURE 5–7. Crinitella lacuna, n in A new species and first stage associations in Crinitella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae: Ephemerellinae)
FIGURE 5–7. Crinitella lacuna, n. sp. 5. Larval habitus, dorsal view; specimen from Vinh Phu·, Vietnam; 6. Male subimago, abdomen, dorsal view; 7. Larva, abdominal tergum 8 gill cavity, dorsal view.
FIGURE 13. Eustigmaeus lacuna male—A in The stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Kelkit Valley (Turkey)
FIGURE 13. Eustigmaeus lacuna male—A, dorsal view of idiosoma; B, ventral view of idiosoma; C, tarsi leg I.
FIGURE 12. Eustigmaeus lacuna deutonymph female—A in The stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Kelkit Valley (Turkey)
FIGURE 12. Eustigmaeus lacuna deutonymph female—A, dorsal view of idiosoma; B, ventral view of idiosoma.
FIGURE 11. Eustigmaeus lacuna female—A in The stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Kelkit Valley (Turkey)
FIGURE 11. Eustigmaeus lacuna female—A, lateral view of idiosoma; B, leg I; C, leg II; D, leg III; E, leg IV.
Data from: Spatial and temporal variation in grazing damage by the gastropod Lacuna vincta in Nova Scotian kelp beds
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Data from: Measurement, variation, and scaling of osteocyte lacunae: a case study in birds
Basic issues surrounding osteocyte biology are still poorly understood, including the variability of osteocyte morphology within and among bones, individuals, and species. Several studies have suggested that the volume or shape of osteocytes (or their lacunae) are related to bone and/or organismal growth rate or metabolism, but the nature of this relationship, if any, is unclear. Furthermore, several studies have linked osteocyte lacuna volume with genome size or growth rate and suggested that osteocyte lacuna volume is unrelated to body size. Herein the scaling of osteocyte lacuna volume with body mass, growth and basal metabolic rates, genome size, and red blood cell size is tested using a broad sample of extant birds within a phylogenetic framework. Over 12,000 osteocyte lacuna axes were measured in a variety of bones from 34 avian and four non-avian dinosaur species. Osteocyte lacunae in parallel-fibered bone are scalene ellipsoids; their morphology and volume cannot be reliably estimated from any single thin section, and using a prolate ellipsoid model to estimate osteocyte lacuna volume results in a substantial (ca. 2–7 times) underestimate relative to true lacunar volume. Orthogonal thin sections reveal that in birds, even when only observing parallel-fibered, primary, cortical bone, intra-skeletal variation in osteocyte lacuna volume and shape is very high (volumes vary by a factor of 5.4 among different bones), whereas variation among homologous bones of the same species is low (1.2–44%; mean = 12%). Ordinary and phylogenetically informed bivariate and multiple regressions demonstrate that in birds, osteocyte volume scales significantly but weakly with body mass and mass-specific basal metabolic rate and moderately with genome size, but not with erythrocyte size. Avian whole-body growth rate and osteocyte lacuna volume are weakly and inversely related. Finally, we present the first three-dimensionally calculated osteocyte volumes for several non-avian dinosaurs, which are much larger than previously reported values and smaller than those of large extant avians. Osteocyte volumes estimated from a single transverse section and assuming prolate morphology, as done in previous studies, are relative underestimates in theropod dinosaurs compared to sauropod dinosaurs, raising the possibility that no major change in osteocyte volumes (and genome size) occurred within Theropoda on the lineage leading to birds. Osteocyte volume is intertwined with several organismal attributes whose relative importance varies at a number of hierarchical levels.
FIGURE 10. Eustigmaeus lacuna female—A in The stigmaeid mites (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Kelkit Valley (Turkey)
FIGURE 10. Eustigmaeus lacuna female—A, dorsal view of idiosoma; B, ventral view of idiosoma.
LACUNAES AND NON-EQUIVALENT VOCABULARY AS A REFLECTION OF LINGUISTIC CULTURE
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Data from: Measurement, variation, and scaling of osteocyte lacunae: a case study in birds
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