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75 results for “Last Glacial Maximum”
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Run for UVic2.9.10 (MOBI2.2) Input Data
<p>Input data required for a simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) simulation with the OSU version of the University of Victoria climate model (version 2.9.10) with the Model of Ocean Biogeochemistry and Isotopes (MOBI2.2).</p>
Model output from the Bern3D model of pre-industrial and Last Glacial Maximum
<p>The here presented datasets contain the model results of the Bern3D model to be published in Pöppelmeier et al. (2021) <em>Climate of the Past Discussions</em> (https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-135).</p> <p>The datasets of the five performed simulations are presented: PI_CTRL, LGM_CTRL, LGM_BS, LGM_BS+wind, LGM_BS+wind+tidal. For detailed information on the model set ups please see section 2 and Table 1 of Pöppelmeier et al. (2021).</p>
Cuzzone2024: Ice sheet model simulations reveal polythermal ice conditions existed across the NE USA during the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>Here you will find model output associated with Cuzzone et al. (2024) for simulations conducted to reconstruct the Last Glacial Maximum conditions across the Northeast United States. Model output is available as: 1) Simulated Ensemble Mean LGM Ice Thickness, 2.) Simulated Ensemble Mean LGM Velocity 3.) Simulated Ensemble Mean LGM Velocity in X and Y direction, and 4.) The simulated LGM thermal state, shown as the Model ensemble agreement for warm and cold-based ice.</p> <p>These outputs are given for 3 model domains: 1) The Northeast USA (NE Domain), 2) The Adirondack Mountains (ADK), 3) The White Mountains (White), and 4) Mount Katahdin (Kat).</p> <p>Model output is given in .tif format, and the Map Projection is ESPG: 4326 , WGS 84</p> <p>Units for model output is:</p> <p>1) Ice Thickness: meters</p> <p>2) Velocity (vel, vx, vy): meters/yr</p> <p>3) Model Thermal Agreement: -5 to 5</p> <p>-5: All ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>-4: 4/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>-3: 3/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>-2: 2/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>-1: 1/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>0: 50% ensemble members either cold or warm-based</p> <p>1: 1/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>2: 2/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>3: 3/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>4: 4/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p> <p>5: 5/5 ensemble members agree cold-based ice</p>
Potential tree species distributions from the Last Glacial Maximum in North America
<p>Modern tree distributions modeled under current climate and predicted to past climate.</p> <p>Values of '2' represent presence.</p> <p>The column mark is current presence, while _20000 is 20 ka, _14000 is 14 ka, _13000 is 13 ka, etc.</p> <p>For quick download, the .dbf for each species can be joined to the shapefile (us_can_ecosub). Alternatively, download and use the zipped folder of shapefiles (glac_shapes)..</p>
Supplement A. Wolf et al: 'Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum'
<p>This repository contains all proxy data presented in A. Wolf et al, "Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum". The data can be used to replicate figures and analyses presented in the main text. Additionally, data can be accessed in the supplement material and in the data availability statement. </p>
FIG. 7 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 7. — Alpha-diversity characteristics of the grass litter Entiminae community (Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) and co-occurring species) in Western Podolia: A, evenness of the community evaluated using Shannon and Simpson indices; B, top 10 grass litter Entiminae species in Western Podolia. Abbreviations: Invsimpson, 1/Simpson (inverted Simpson); n, the total number of specimens per sample; Sobs, the number of observed species.
FIG. 6 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 6. — Habitats of Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834): A, meadow steppe, near Burshtyn, Kasova Hora, IFR; B, rock steppe, near Buchyna, Mts. Drancha, LWI; C, rock steppe, near Kuropatnyky, IFR; D, grass steppe, near Kyikiv, LWI; E, meadow steppe, near Mokrotyn, Mt. Harai, LWI; F, meadow steppe, Yaktoriv, Mt. Chekhova, LWI.
FIG. 4 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 4. — Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834), morphology, female (27365, Mt. Chekhova): A, head, dorsal view; B, head, lateral view; C, head, ventral view; D, scales of elytra; E, maxilla; F, labium, ventral view; G, labium, lateral view; H, antenna; I, head, (cleared specimen); J, fore leg; K, middle leg; L, hind leg; M, tarsus, dorsal and lateral; N, mesonotum; O, coxal cavities, ventral view; P, coxal cavities, lateral view; Q, sterna of pterothorax and ventrites (cleared specimen). Abbreviations: as-am, anterior margin of antennal scrobes; la-te, lacinial teeth; li, ligula; li-ca, cavity of ligula; ocs, occipital sutures; pp, prosternal process; pr, prosternellum; pta, posterior tentorial arms; ptp, posterior tentorial pits; tm3-lo, tarsomere 3 lobes. Scale bars:A-C, H, J-O, 200 µm; D, µm; E-G, 50 µm; I, Q, 300 µm.
FIG. 5 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 5. — Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834), morphology: A, aedeagus, lateral view; B, aedeagus, dorsal view; C, male sternite 8; D, male sternite 8 and 9; E, endophallus armatute; F, female terminalia; G, female sternite 8 and ovipositor; H, apical part of female terminalia (magnified); I, spermatheca. Abbreviations: buc, bursa copulatrix; co, collum; co-mf, membranous formation in apical half of collum; dp, dorsal plate; ds, ductus spermaticus; es, endophallic sclerite; fst8-ap, apodeme of female sternite 8; fst8-lm, lamina of female sternite 8; fst8-se, setae of female sternite 8; lov, lateral ostial valves; ml-al, apical lobes of median lobe; ml-amp, apical membranous plate of median lobe; ml-ap, apodemes of median lobe; ml-app, apical preostial process; mst8, male sternite 8; mst9-ca, caput of apodeme of sternite 9; no, nodulus (= corpus); oss, ostial sclerite; ra, ramus; sg, spermathecal gland; ut, uterus; va, vagina. Scale bars: A, B, 100 µm; C, E, I, 50 µm; D, F-H, 200 µm; I, Q, 300 µm.
FIG. 3 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 3. — Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834): A, dorsal, ventral, lateral habitus of female (27761, Luka); B, dorsal, ventral, lateral habitus of male (27732, 0.5 km E Kyikiv). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 1 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 1. — Distribution of Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834): A, occurrences plotted as heat points, alongside paleoenvironmental data for central Europe; B, extent of occurrence (EOO) and Area of occupancy (AOO); C, temporal plot of occurrence data showing the number of years since the last collection of H. rufipes in each historic locality.
FIG. 2 in Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum
FIG. 2. — Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834): A, lectotype, male, habitus dorsal, lateral, ventral view and labels. Photo credit: by Anna Jerve (NHRS); B, habitus of historical specimen (male) from most remote location in Romania. Photo credit: by Kevin Weissing (SDEI). Scale bars: 1 mm.
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate forcing and ocean dynamical feedback and their implications for estimating climate sensitivity
<p><strong>Citation:</strong> Zhu, J., & Poulsen, C. J. (2021). Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate forcing and ocean dynamical feedback and their implications for estimating climate sensitivity. <em>Clim. Past</em>, <em>17</em>(1), 253–267. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-253-2021">https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-253-2021</a></p> <p>Casename:</p> <ul> <li>FCM_PI: b.e12.B1850C5.f19_g16.iPI.01</li> <li>FCM_LGM: b.e12.B1850C5.f19_g16.i21ka.03</li> <li>SOM_PI: e.e12.E1850C5.f19_g16.PI.02</li> <li>SOM_GHG: e.e12.E1850C5.f19_g16.PI.21kaGHG.02</li> <li>SOM_ICE: e.e12.E1850C5.f19_g16.PI.21kaICE.02</li> <li>SOM_2CO2: e.e12.E1850C5.f19_g16.PIx2.02</li> <li>ATM_PI: f.e12.F1850C5.f19_g16.iPI.01</li> <li>ATM_GHG: f.e12.F1850C5.f19_g16.iPI.21kaGHG_ERF</li> <li>ATM_ICE: f.e12.F1850C5.f19_g16.iPI.21kaICE_ERF</li> <li>ATM_2CO2: f.e12.F1850C5.f19_g16.iPI.01.x2</li> </ul> <p><strong>Boundary condition files and the restart files are also provided as .zip files (bc.zip & rest.zip).</strong></p> <p><strong>Check out the Github repository for the setup of the LGM simulation</strong> (i.e., the entire CESM case folder): <a href="https://github.com/jiang-zhu/icesm1.2_lgm_cheyenne">https://github.com/jiang-zhu/icesm1.2_lgm_cheyenne</a></p> <p><strong>[NEW IN V3] More monthly data for PMIP4 (cmorized) are provided (files starting with `PMIP4.NCAR.CESM1.2-FV2`).</strong></p>
Clumped-isotope constraint on upper-tropospheric cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>Ice cores and other paleotemperature proxies, together with general circulation models, have provided information on past surface temperatures and the atmosphere's composition in different climates. Little is known, however, about past temperatures at high altitudes, which play a crucial role in Earth's radiative energy budget. Paleoclimate records at high-altitude sites are sparse, and the few that are available show poor agreement with climate model predictions. These disagreements could be due to insufficient spatial coverage, spatiotemporal biases, or model physics; new records that can mitigate or avoid these uncertainties are needed. Here, we constrain the change in upper-tropospheric temperature at the global scale during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using the clumped-isotope composition of molecular oxygen trapped in polar ice cores. Aided by global three-dimensional chemical transport modeling, we exploit the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the clumped-isotope composition of atmospheric oxygen to infer that the upper troposphere (effective mean altitude 10 – 11 km) was 6-9ºC cooler during the LGM than during the late preindustrial Holocene. A complementary energy balance approach supports a minor or negligible steepening of atmospheric lapse rates during the LGM, which is consistent with a range of climate model simulations. Proxy-model disagreements with other high-altitude records may stem from inaccuracies in regional hydroclimate simulation, possibly related to land-atmosphere feedbacks.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Rediscovery of the wingless Podolian subendemic weevil Humeromima rufipes (Boheman, 1834) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), a relict from the Last Glacial Maximum". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b6937a4-8dae-4a92-933d-3492f964e4b4">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b6937a4-8dae-4a92-933d-3492f964e4b4</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6b6937a4-8dae-4a92-933d-3492f964e4b4">https://gbif.org/dataset/6b6937a4-8dae-4a92-933d-3492f964e4b4</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Centennial scale climate oscillations from southern Siberia in the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>A lack of adequate high resolution climate proxy records for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) has prevented the extrapolation of climate–solar linkages on centennial time scales prior of the Holocene. Therefore, it is still unknown whether centennial climate variations of the last ten thousand years convey a universal climate change or merely represent a characteristic of the Holocene. Recently published high resolution climate proxy records for the LGM allowed us to extrapolate climate–solar linkages on centennial time scales ahead of the Holocene. Here we present the analysis of a high resolution pollen concentration record from Lake Kotokel in southern Siberia, Russia, during the LGM. The record reflects the dynamics of vegetation zones and temperature change with a resolution of ~ 40 years in the continental climate of north-eastern Asia. We demonstrate that our pollen concentration record, the oxygen isotope δ<sup>18</sup>O record from the Greenland ice core project NGRIP (NorthGRIP), the dust-fall contributions in Lake Qinghai, China, grain size in the Gulang and Jingyuan loess deposits, China, and the composite oxygen isotope δ<sup>18</sup>O record from the Alpine cave system 7H reveal cooler to warmer climate fluctuations between ~ 20.6 and 26 ka. Such fluctuations correspond to the ~ 1000-yr, 500-600-yr and 210-250-yr cycles possibly linked to the solar activity variations and recognized in high resolution Holocene proxies all over the world. We further show that climate fluctuations in the LGM and Holocene are spectrally similar suggesting that linkages between climate proxies and solar activity at the centennial time scale in the Holocene can be extended to the LGM.</p>
Genetic evidence for widespread population size expansion in North American boreal birds prior to the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>Pleistocene climate cycles are well known to have shaped contemporary species distributions and genetic diversity. Northward range expansions in response to deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21,000 years ago) have been surmised to lead to population size expansions in terrestrial taxa and changes in seasonal migratory behaviour. Recent findings, however, suggest that some northern temperate populations may have been more stable than expected through the LGM. We modelled the demographic history of twenty co-distributed boreal-breeding bird species of North America from full mitochondrial gene sets and species-specific molecular rates. We used these demographic reconstructions to test how species with different migratory strategies were affected by glacial cycles. Our results suggest that effective population sizes increased in response to deglaciation during the middle Wisconsin period (~45,000 years ago) whereas genetic diversity was maintained throughout the LGM despite shifts in geographic range. We conclude that earlier glacial cycles prior to the LGM have most strongly shaped contemporary genetic diversity in these high-latitude species. We did not find differences in historic population dynamics between species differing in migratory behaviour, contributing to growing evidence that major switches in migratory strategy during the Last Glacial Maximum are unnecessary to explain contemporary migratory patterns.</p>
Bioclimatic outputs for Last Glacial Maximum South America for LPX, bias-corrected to pollen records
<p>LPX model output for South America for the Last Glacial Maximum. We provide outputs for LPX driven by four GCM simulated climates along with an ensemble average:</p> <ul> <li>MIROC.tar.gz: LPX driven by MIROC3.2</li> <li>FGOALS.tar.gz: driven by FGOALS-1.0g</li> <li>HAD.tar.gz: HadCM3M2</li> <li>CNRM.tar.gz: CNRM-CM33</li> <li>Ensemble.tar.gz: The mean of each output variable for the four models.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Driving data comes from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase II (PMIP2)<sup>1,2</sup>. See Sato et al. <sup>3</sup> for modelling protocol.</p> <p>Each model’s directory contains “uncorrected” and “corrected” directories. With each of these are bioclimatic maps outputted from LPX and biome information:</p> <ul> <li>fpc.nc: fractional projected cover of all vegetation</li> <li>height.nc: mean height of vegetations</li> <li>gdd.nc: Growing Degree Days base 2</li> <li>tropical.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by tropical trees and c4 grasses</li> <li>temperate.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by temperate trees and c3 grasses</li> <li>evergreen.nc: proportion of tree cover that is composed of evergreen trees</li> <li>biome.nc: the assigned biomes from these data, based on a modified version of Sato et al. <sup>3</sup>. See “biomisation” below.</li> <li>cluster.nc: In “corrected” only. The spatial location of kmean clusters of fpc vs height. See <sup>4</sup> for details.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>“Uncorrected” is from Sato et al. <sup>3</sup>. “Corrected” is bias-corrected to match the 42 pollen-core observations taken from Marchant et al. <sup>5</sup> We do this by shifting the total vegetation cover and composition, height, and growing degree day (GDD) DVM output to the closest boundary of the corresponding biome of the pollen core in that specific location. We then extrapolate this correction between pollen-core locations across the Neotropics. See Kelley et al. <sup>4</sup> for details.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Biomeisation</strong></p> <p>"Biomeisation.png" displays the scheme. We primarily split biomes by FPCs of 0.3 and 0.6, with biomes > 0.6 split by a height of 10m. Forests (>0.6 FPC and > 10m) is split by GDD, Evergreen FPC (EG) and Tropical or temperate FPC (TR, TM). Likewise, we split FPCs> 0.6 and heights <10m into savanna, woodland and parkland using EG and TR. We additionally assign Tropical savanna >5m to Woodland/Tropical savanna. We divided desert, dry grassland and (shrub)-tundra by FPC of 0.3 and GDD of 350°C. See Kelley et al. <sup>4</sup> for details.</p>
UVic-MOBI Last Glacial Maximum Marine Biogeochemistry Simulations
<p>UVic-MOBI Earth System Model results used in the poster presentation at the International Conference on Paleoceanography, 2022: Somes et al., "Compensating effects of reduced sedimentary iron release and enhanced atmospheric deposition on the biological carbon pump and atmospheric CO2 drawdown during the Last Glacial Maximum. The core model version is based on Somes et al., (2017); Somes et al., (2021). Last Glacial Maximum scenarios include sensitivity simulations that test low and high estimates for atmospheric dust deposition (i.e. "AtmHigh", "AtmLow") and excluding the effect from reductive sedimentary iron release ("SedZero").</p>
A multi-centennial mode of North Atlantic climate variability throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (CESM1.2 output, netcdf files)
<p>Prange, M., Jonkers, L., Merkel, U., Schulz, M., Bakker, P. (2023) A multi-centennial mode of North Atlantic climate variability throughout the Last Glacial Maximum, <em>Science Advances</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Datasets: CESM1.2 netcdf output, Experiment LGM_ref (1540 years)</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>MOC.nc - </strong>Meridional overturning circulation (Sv) as diagnosed from POP as monthly means</p> <p><strong>SALT.nc</strong> - Salinity (psu) as annual means on POP grid</p> <p><strong>TEMP.nc</strong> - SST (°C) as annual means on POP grid</p> <p><strong>IFRAC.nc</strong> - Sea ice fraction as monthly means on POP grid</p> <p><strong>TREFHT.nc</strong> - Reference height (2 m) temperature (K) as monthly means on CAM grid</p> <p><strong>ZONALSALT.nc</strong> - Zonally averaged Atlantic salinity (psu) as annual means</p> <p> </p> <p><em>POP: Ocean model component of CESM1.2</em></p> <p><em>CAM: Atmosphere model component of CESM1.2</em></p> <p> </p>
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