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FIG. 50 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 50. — Lateral view of the right pelvic bones of some extant mysticetes. A, Balaenoptera musculus; B, Balaenoptera musculus; C, Megaptera novaeangliae; D, E, Balaena mysticetus. The iliac, pubic and ischial portions are, respectively, in blue, yellow and green. Modified from Struthers (1893).

FIG. 49 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 49. — Lateral view of innominate of some extinct cetaceans. A, Georgiacetus vogtlensis (GSM 350); B, Basilosaurus isis (CGM 42176, cast); C, Basilosaurus cetoides (USNM 12261); D, Chrysocetus healyorum (SCSM 87-195, cast, right innominate, reversed); E, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917). Not to scale.

FIG. 48 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 48. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Left innominate: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 39 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 39. — Ribs transverse sections of Mystacodon, basilosaurids, and chaeomysticetes. A, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype): section of an anterior-median (right?) rib of the thoracic cage in the median region of the diaphysis; B, Dorudon atrox (UM 101222): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis (reversed); C, Basilosaurus isis (WH 074): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis. B and C are reproduced from Houssaye et al. (2015). D, Piscobalaena nana (MNHN.F. SAS1618). E, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (IRSNB uncatalogued). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; med, medial. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 42 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 42. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Right humerus: A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 6 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 6. — Lateral view of the skull of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Oblique lines and grey-shaded regions indicate respectively broken and reconstructed parts. Scale bar: 20 cm.

FIG. 1 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 1. — Views of the extraction of the postcranial skeleton of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917 holotype) at Playa Media Luna (Ica Department, Peru).

FIG. 27 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 27. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). A-C, right i2 or i3 (tooth I); D-F, left i3 or c (tooth II); G-I, right?p1 (tooth III); A, labial view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, labial view; E, lingual view; F, occlusal view; G, labial view, H, lingual view; I, occlusal view. Scale bar: 3 cm.

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FIG. 21 in The anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of Cynthiacetus peruvianus, a large Dorudon-like basilosaurid (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru

FIG. 21. — Ventral view of the right periotic of MNHN.F.PRU10, holotype of Cynthiacetus peruvianus. Abbreviations: aes, ventral edge of the anteroexternal sulcus; apd, anterior pedicle for the tympanic; app, anterior process of the periotic; fc, cochlear window; fo, foramen pseudovale; fpb, falcate process of the basioccipital; fps, falciform process of the squamosal; fs, facial sulcus; fv, vestibular window; gtt, groove for the tensor tempani; inc, incudal fossa; jn, jugular notch; Ma, malleus; mce, medial crest of the exoccipital; men, groove for the meningeal arteries; mf, mallear fossa; nc, nuchal crest; plc, posterolateral crest; ppd, posterior inner pedicle of the tympanic; ppe, paroccipital process of the exoccipital; ppp, posterior process of the periotic; ppt, posterior process of the tympanic bulla; pr, promontorium; V3, path of the mandibular nerve; VII, foramen for the facia nerve; vlt, ventrolateral tuberosity. Dark grey-shaded regions and hatched regions represent the sediment and broken portions of bone, respectively. Not to scale.

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Figs 7–11 in A New Ant Genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) From The Late Eocene Rovno Amber

Figs 7–11. Diagrams of the ratio of the number of specimens to number of taxa of ant subfamilies, found in Late Eocene European ambers: 7 — by number of amber specimens; 8 — by number of amber species; 9 — by number of amber genera; 10 — by number of modern species; 11 — by number of modern genera; ANE — Aneuretinae, DOL — Dolichoderinae, FOR — Formicinae, MCN — Myrmeciinae, PSM — Pseudomyrmecinae, AGR — Agroecomyrmecinae, DOR — Dorylinae, AMB — Amblyoponinae, PRC — Proceratiinae, ECT — Ectatomminae, PON — Ponerinae, MYR — Myrmicinae.

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Figs 3–6 in A New Ant Genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) From The Late Eocene Rovno Amber

Figs 3–6. Photos of Damzenomyrmex ribbeckei gen. et sp. n., workers: 3 — holotype, head, mesosoma and petiole in lateral view; 4 — holotype, head in lateral view; arrows indicate tooth-like flange on anterior corner of hypostoma (a — same, magnified); 5 — paratype P-1, mesosoma and head in dorsal view; 6 — paratype No. JDC 8955 with Blattoptera sp. Scale bars 1 mm (photos by Aleksey Damzen).

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Figs 1–2 in A New Ant Genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) From The Late Eocene Rovno Amber

Figs 1–2. Photos of Damzenomyrmex ribbeckei gen. et sp. n., workers: 1 — piece of amber with holotype (H) and paratypes (P-1, P-2), No. JDC 8918; 2 — holotype in lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm (photos by Aleksey Damzen).

Figure 21 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F.

Figure 19 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 19. Araliaceae. Plerandreoxylon oskolski sp. nov., UF 278-84906. A. Semi-ring-porous wood with latewood vessels arranged in wavy tangential bands/diagonal arrangement, vessel clusters in latest latewood, axial parenchyma rare, T.S. B. Semi-ring-porous wood, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma rare, TS. C. Simple perforation plates, rays with procumbent body cells, RLS. D. Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, oval to slightly horizontally elongate in outline, tyloses, RLS. F. Rays 5-6 cells wide, septate fibers, TLS. G. Rays predominantly multiseriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in A, B, G; 100 µm in C, F. 50 µm in E; 20 µm in D.

Figure 14 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 14. Urticales. Cannabaceae/Moraceae Wood Type 1. UF 278-87894. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples; marginal parenchyma, TS. C. Alternate intervessel pitting, polygonal in outline, simple perforation plates, ray with sheath cells, TLS. D. Vessel to parenchyma pits, similar in size to intervessel pitting with reduced borders, RLS. E. Rays predominantly multiseriate, 1-2-seriate rays rare, TLS. F. Ray body cells procumbent, marginal row of upright/square cells, RLS. Scale bars‒500 µm in A; 200 µm in B, E; 100 µm in F; 50 µm in C, D.

Figure 4 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 4. Magnoliaceae. Magnolia hansnooteboomii, UF 278-84871. A. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, T.S. B, C. Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 20 bars, helical thickenings in vessel elements, RLS. D. Scalariform intervessel pitting, TLS. E. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally elongate in outline, RLS. F, G. Rays mostly 3‒4 cells wide, scalariform perforation plates, non-septate fibers, note scalariform intervessel pits in F and tyloses (T) in G, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in G; 50 µm in B, E, F; 20 µm in C, D.

Figure 9 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 9. Fagaceae. Quercinium sp, UF 278-84878. A. Diffuse- to semi-ring-porous wood; vessels exclusively solitary, very slight tendency to diagonal arrangement, TS. B. Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. C. Vasicentric tracheids, uniseriate rays, axial parenchyma strands, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, tyloses, RLS. E, F. Rays of two distinct sizes, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, E; 100 µm in B, C, F; 50 µm in C; 20 µm in D.

Figure 3 in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 3. Cupressaceae. Taxodioxylon sp. A, C, E–I. UF 278-84886. B, D. UF 278-84889. A, B. Narrow latewood zone, axial parenchyma diffuse and in short tangential lines, TS. C. Latewood with compression wood, TS. D, E. Uniseriate rays, TLS. F. End walls of axial parenchyma smooth, TLS. G. Circular bordered pits on radial walls of longitudinal tracheids, occasionally biseriate; most rays homocellular composed of ray parenchyma, bottom ray with top marginal row possibly composed of ray tracheids (RT) RLS. H. Ray composed of ray parenchyma, horizontal and end walls smooth, RLS. I. Taxodioid cross-field pits, RLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A, B; 100 µm in C, D, E, G; 50 µm in F, H; 20 µm in I.

Figure 6. Platanaceae. Platanoxylon haydenii. A, B in A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA

Figure 6. Platanaceae. Platanoxylon haydenii. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood, vessels mostly solitary, a few tangential multiples; diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma; fiber walls of medium thickness, TS, UF 278-84881(A), UF 278-84874 (B). C. Scalariform perforation plates, UF 278-84874, RLS. D. Opposite intervessel pitting, UF 278-84874, TLS. E. Wide (>10-seriate) and tall (>1 mm) rays, UF 278-.84874, TLS. F. Rays composed predominantly of procumbent cells, UF 278-84879, RLS. Scale bars=500 µm in E; 200 µm in A; 100 µm in B, F; 50 µm in C, D.