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138 results for “Late Holocene”
Spatial data sets of the paper Heinrich Stadial 1 continental sand dunes and Middle to Late Holocene paleosol sequences in SE Iberia: implications for human occupation and site formation processes
<p>Spatial data sets of the paper Heinrich Stadial 1 continental sand dunes and Middle to Late Holocene paleosol sequences in SE Iberia: implications for human occupation and site formation processes. This data set is composed by 3 shapefiles:</p> <ol> <li>Dune_field: Feature class polygon shapefile geometry representing the individual dunes identified in the Villena dune field.</li> <li>Sampled dunes: Shapefile of point geometry representing the location of the stratigraphic sequences of CC1, CC2 and CC3 sampled for texture, soil chemistry, OSL and radiocarbon dating. </li> <li>Sediment sourcing samples: Shapefile of point geometry representing the location of the reference samples of El Moron, El Arenal de la Virgen and Sierra del Castellar. </li> </ol> <p>The spatial reference system is EPSG 25830.</p>
Late-Holocene paleofloods in the Upper Little Tennessee River valley, Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA.
We derive a paleoflood chronology for the past 2000 years from three stratigraphic sections of overbank sediments with dates from radiocarbon, luminescence, 137Cs techniques, and historical records. Particle sizes were measured in 6-15 year intervals in post-1870 sediments and in 45-170 year intervals in pre-1870 sediments using an automatic laser analyzer. The sedimentological characteristics of ad 1948-2009 deposits were compared with gaging records, demonstrating that fine sand content and sorting discern time intervals of large floods, but flood magnitudes are not well resolved. This modern analog was applied to pre-1870 sediments and revealed two periods in the last 2000 years with large floods during AD 650-850 and AD 1100-1350, which are times when the regional tree-ring record showed extreme wetness and no severe or extreme droughts. Our findings indicate flood-prone phases of transitional climate at the beginning and end of the "Medieval Warm Period" (MWP), and relatively subdued flooding during the "Little Ice Age" (LIA), possibly correlated with rearrangement of macro-scale atmospheric circulation patterns between the MWP and the LIA. (Wang, L. and Leigh, D.S. 2012. Late Holocene paleofloods in the Upper Little Tennessee River Valley, Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. The Holocene, 22(9): 1061-1066. DOI: 10.1177/0959683612437863.)
Fig. 17 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 17. Retouched artefacts from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from units 1a and 1b except M10/11-1 (unit 1c). Steep-edged scrapers: N11/9-2, N6/5-3, N10/5-3. Notched implements: N9/4-3, QR9/1-9, N10/4-8. Endscraper: M10/11-1.
Fig. 18. Group 2 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 18. Group 2 retouched artefacts from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from units 1a and 1b. Geometric microliths: top row (1–8). Thumbnail scrapers: QR9/3-4, N10/3-1, Z10/2-1, N9/3-11, M9/2-14. Tula adze slugs: M10/1-4, M9/2-3, N5/4-1. (M10/1-4 is the largest tula in this assemblage). Burren adze slug: Z9/9-2. Endscrapers: N6/3-2, Z9/5-2. (Z9/5-2 has usepolish and rounding on the distal end, and fine overhang removal scars along the platform edge).
Fig. 16 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 16. Large flake implements from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a, except N13/20-1 (unit 2b). Steep-edged scrapers: N11/19-1, N11/22-2, QR9/8-11, N12/14-3. Amorphous retouched artefacts: N5/15-12, M11/18-1, N11/19-3. Notched implements: N13/20-1, N11/21-2. Saws: N10/9-1, N5/19-1.
Fig. 15 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 15. Large flake implements from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a. Steep-edged scrapers: QR9/8-2, N5/15-11. Amorphous retouched implement: M10/22-2. QR9/8-1 is a large formal implement with extensive shallow invasive flaking and a thin convex working edge.
Fig. 13 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 13. Artefacts from the palaeosurface at c. 32,000 B.P. N13/24-1 is a large sandstone flake typical of the larger component of the flake assemblage. N13/25-3 shows a sandstone flake detached from a rotated core. Bottom two rows show small finely-made silcrete flakes. N12/26-1, M11/ 27-5 and M11/27-6 are made on exotic silcrete. M11/27-2 (2) is a chalcedony flake with a short length of retouch or edge damage. M11/27-4 (4) is a trimming flake detached from the retouched edge of a chalcedony implement.
Fig. 2 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 2. Plan of Puritjarra rock shelter showing layout of excavation trenches. Also shown are spot heights (m below
Fig. 9 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 9. Flake size and shape by analytical unit. Data are length/ breadth measurements for a representative sample of 769 complete flakes. (A) Comparison of units 1a–b (solid grey circles), and unit 2a (open squares). Late Holocene flakes are smaller and less variable in size than early Holocene/terminal Pleistocene flakes, but have similar proportions. (B) Comparison of units 2b–d (solid grey circles) and unit 2a (open squares). Late Pleistocene flakes are smaller than those in the early Holocene/terminal Pleistocene, but have similar variability and proportions.
Fig. 7 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 7. Large flakes from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a except M11/26-1 (unit 2b). M10/16-2 is an ironstone flake struck from a horsehoof core, and has fine overhang-removal flaking along the platform edge. M10/20-3 is chert flake with evidence of a prior platform, showing that the core was rotated before this flake was detached.
Fig. 6 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 6. Small flakes from late Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. From unit 2c: N10/11-1. From unit 2b: N12/21-8, N12/21-15, N12/23-1, N18/13-1, M11/25-2. Remainder are from unit 2a. N12/21-8 and N12/17-4 each have a series of fine flakes scars along the platform edge, showing trimming of an overhang prior to detachment of the flake. N12/19- 5 exhibits a facetted platform. N11/22-5 is a sandstone flake struck from a bifacial core.
Fig. 1 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 1. The western part of central Australia showing the location of Puritjarra rock shelter and regional topography
Fig. 12 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 12. Cores and redirecting flakes from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter or from nearby Murantji rock hole. From unit 1a: QR9/1-3. From unit 1b: M11/8-6, N5/6-2. From unit 1c: M10/12-19. Unassigned 1b–c: ST5/3-4, ST5/4-4. M10/12-19 and M11/8- 6 are sandstone redirecting flakes. N5/6-2 is a single platform core split during knapping. QR9/1-3 is a small horsehoof core, with a base (shown) reduced as a bifacial core. The large platform core from Murantji (3) is on a flake of yellow-grey chert.
Fig. 10 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 10. Multivariate analysis of flake attributes, using the Canonical variates program in the MVARCH package. Data are for flakes where the full set of platform and flake attributes can be measured (N = 635). Scatter-plot shows the centroids for groups of flakes from each unit plots these against flake variables—raw material grain-size, flake weight, percentage cortex, length, breadth, thickness, platform breadth, platform thickness, platform angle, platform preparation, overhang removal, evidence of core rotation, and the number of flake scars on the dorsal surface.
Fig. 5 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 5. Graph showing increasing use of chert and chalcedony over time. Data are number of chert and chalcedony artefacts per spit (excavation unit), expressed as percentage of total number of artefacts in each spit. The plot shows data for the Main Trench only (excluding the following: spits without lithics; spits in 2d with only doubtful artefacts, features intrusive from higher levels).
Fig. 11 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 11. Cores from terminal Pleistocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. All are from unit 2a. N5/22-1 is a bifacial core on sandstone. Remainder of artefacts are single platform cores. N9/9-2 is a small finely-made silcrete core with a flaked platform and fine overhang removal scars. N9/9-3 is a horsehoof core made on a cobble of exotic silcrete.
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing stratigraphic correlations between trenches. Layers I in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing stratigraphic correlations between trenches. Layers I–III are labelled in bold. Identifiable cultural horizons (units 1a, 2a and 2c) are shown (stippled), as well as dated hearths (plano-convex features), 14C determinations (hatched rectangles), luminescence dates (open rectangles) and the maximum depth of late Holocene artefacts in each trench (T tula adzes; B backed artefacts/geometric microliths). Grid lines show depth (cm) below site datum. Horizontal stippled lines at 120 cm depth in N5/ N6 and in the Main Trench show the position of a silty band identified in grain-size analyses.
FIGURE 24 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 24. Length and width dimensions for coprolites investigated for cuticle in this work (red dots), overlain on a summary of Wood and Wilmshurst (2014, fig. 3). The blue curve contains the range of genetically confirmed moa coprolites in their study, and the small yellow dot indicates the size of their one genetically determined kakapo coprolite, and the green are those of their 'putative' kakapo coprolites. There is a clear group of coprolites in the present study which are well beyond the range of even 'putative' kakapo, and are regarded as moa (Coprolites-11, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 51, 58, 60, 62, 78, 110, 111).
FIGURE 23 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 23. Coprolites regarded here as moa, based on their size (scale bar equals 30 mm). A. Coprolite-25, containing Poaceae (Shelter-32). B. Coprolite-26, containing Pseudopanax ferox, Pittosporum tennuifolium, Sophora microphylla (Shelter-32). C. Coprolite-15, containing Coprosma sp., Olearia sp, Pittosporum tennuifolium, Pseudopanax ferox, Rubus sp., Sophora microphylla (Shelter-102). D. Coprolite-111, containing Sophora microphylla, Pittosporum tennuifolium, Rubus sp.,?Hebe (Shelter-50). E. Coprolite-16, containing Sophora microphylla, Hebe?cupressoides (Shelter-102). F. Coprolite-62, containing Sophora microphylla (Shelter-70). G. Coprolite-14, containing Hebe cupressoides, Sophora microphylla, Rubus sp., Pittosporum tennuifolium (Shi.e. elter-102). H. Coprolite-60, containing Sophora microphylla (Shelter-103).
FIGURE 22 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 22. Pseudopanax leaf (reflected light) and cuticle morphology (transmitted light microscopy). A. Intact Pseudopanax ferox leaf (LX3111, Shelter-37, scale bar equals 10 mm). B. Pseudopanax ferox stomatal complexes on abaxial surface (LX2711, Shelter-1, scale bar equals 100 μm). C. Pseudopanax ferox (LX5490, Coprolite-15, scale bar equals 100 μm). D. Pseudopanax crassifolious, abaxial surface showing much larger and more irregular epidermal cells (modern reference material, OPH5338, scale bar equals 100 μm). E. Pseudopanax crassifolious, abaxial surface also showing much larger and more irregular epidermal cells (modern reference material, OPH9835, scale bar equals 100 μm).
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