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480 results for “Level, surface”
Global monthly catches from tuna surface fisheries by 1° grid (1958-2023) (FIRMS level 0)
<p>We compiled a comprehensive dataset of geo-referenced catches from global tuna fisheries that use fishing gears set at the water's surface. This dataset was created by harmonizing public domain data from the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (t-RFMOs) for the period 1958-2023. Under the auspices of the Fisheries and Resources Monitoring System (FIRMS) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), we developed a systematic data flow process in collaboration with the t-RFMO Secretariats. This process involved the implementation of a data exchange format adhering to the standards of the FAO Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP), facilitating the seamless integration of data into the dataset.</p> <p>Geo-referenced catch data from tuna surface fisheries are reported in either the number of fish or live-weight equivalent (metric tonnes), with some strata providing catches in both units. The catches primarily represent the quantities of retained fish either landed or transhipped at sea and in ports. The data are stratified by year, month, fishing fleet, fishing gear, fishing mode, 1° grid area of longitude and latitude, and taxon.</p> <p>The dataset encompasses 42 medium- and large-sized pelagic species found in both neritic and oceanic habitats of the world's oceans. This includes 14 species of tunas, 9 species of billfish, 4 species of Spanish mackerels, 2 species of bonitos, and wahoo. Despite uncertainties and incomplete data due to under-reporting, the dataset also includes reported catches for 12 species of pelagic sharks and rays that may be either targeted or incidentally caught in tuna and tuna-like fisheries.</p> <p>The dataset serves as a benchmark for the monitoring and assessment of both artisanal and industrial fisheries using surrounding nets, gillnets, entangling nets, and pole-and-lines from over 70 fishing fleets across 69 countries that have exploited tuna and tuna-like species for subsistence and commercial purposes over more than six decades.</p>
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - BISC1 SET Surface Water level data from in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA (2016-2025)
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Biscayne National Park (BISC) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2016 to 2025 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This dataset belongs to Site 1, known as BISC-SET-1 or BISC1. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - BISC2 SET Surface Water level data from in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA (2017-2025)
Water level data (m) was collected in Biscayne National Park (BISC) by the National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017-2025 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This dataset belongs to Site 2, known as BISC-SET-2 or BISC2. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - SARI SET Surface Water level data from Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands.
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Salt River Bay National Historic Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - Mary's Point SET Surface Water level data from Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Virgin Islands National Park, Mary's Point (MARY) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
National Park Service - South Florida/Caribbean Inventory & Monitoring Network - Water Creek SET Surface Water level data from Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, US Virgin Islands
Surface water level data (m) was collected in Virgin Islands National Park, Water Creek (WACR) by the South Florida/Caribbean Inventory and Monitoring Network (SFCN) as part of the Soil Elevation Table (SET) vital sign monitoring program. Water level data collected from 2017 to 2024 is included in this dataset. The water level data was collected using HOBOware Onset Water Level Data Loggers. This data-package is complete.
Dataset for "Remapping of Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance anomalies for large ensemble sea-level change projections"
<p>This dataset is used to reproduce the results presented in the following publication:</p> <p>Goelzer, H., Noel, B. P. Y., Edwards, T. L., Fettweis, X., Gregory, J. M., Lipscomb, W. H., van de Wal, R. S. W., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Remapping of Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance anomalies for large ensemble sea-level change projections, The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-188, in review, 2019.</p> <p> </p>
BST/NOAA PSL Level 3 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
<p>This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature, and digital elevation for the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrology (SPLASH) campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). While Level 2 provides each product at their highest retrieved spatial resolution, Level 3 provides all four products on a common grid at each flight location. These data were collected near Avery Picnic (38.972425 degrees N,106.996855 degrees W) and Kettle Ponds (38.942005 degrees N,106.973006 degrees W) in the East River Watershed in Colorado from a series of flights starting on June 1st, 2022 and ending October 18th, 2023. Soil moisture measurements were retrieved using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) which is a L-Band (1-2 GHz) microwave radiometer and was flown on the E2 and S2 aerial platforms operated by Black Swift Technologies, Inc. </p> <p> </p> <p>Each Level 3 NetCDF file contains all four UAS parameters at a flight location interpolated to a common rectilinear grid at ~50 cm resolution. Soil moisture retrievals were downscaled to a higher resolution grid using bilinear interpolation while surface temperature, NDVI, and digital elevation were upscaled to a lower resolution grid using conservative interpolation. The data was regridded using the Python package xESMF which is based on code developed for the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) project. </p> <p> </p> <p>The file name convention for the Level 3 NetCDF files is as follows.</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_L3_yyyymmdd_hhmmss_vx.x.nc</p> <p>where</p> <p>L3 = Level 3 data </p> <p>yyyymmdd = year,month,day</p> <p>hhmmss = hour,minute,second</p> <p>x.x = version number </p> <p>Time is the flight start time in UTC.</p> <p>Version number description is provided in the NetCDF global attributes.</p> <p> </p> <p>Note that each flight location using the E2 aerial platform required two flights with different starting flight times for the soil moisture and the other three products. The flight start time is the time of the first flight. The total time for the two flights at each location was ~1 hour. </p> <p><strong>November 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.0 added flight data from 2023. Version 2.0 includes an updated calibration of the soil moisture retrieval that has been applied to 2023 data, and a mask was applied to the soil moisture retrieval over water surfaces for both 2022 and 2023 data. Version 2.1 adds data file uas_L3_20221018_171650_v2.1.nc that was missing in Version 2.0.</p> <p><strong>December 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.2 updated soil moisture data with a wet bias in v2.1 for flights #2 (17:40:35 UTC) and #3 (19:24:45 UTC) on July 27, 2022.</p>
StreetSurfaceVis: a dataset of street-level imagery with annotations of road surface type and quality
<h1>StreetSurfaceVis</h1> <p><em>StreetSurfaceVis</em> is an image dataset containing <strong>9,122 street-level images from Germany</strong> with labels on <strong>road surface type and quality.</strong> The CSV file <code>streetSurfaceVis_v1_0.csv</code> contains all image metadata and four folders contain the image files. All images are available in four different sizes, based on the image width, in 256px, 1024px, 2048px and the original size.<br>Folders containing the images are named according to the respective image size. Image files are named based on the <code>mapillary_image_id</code>.</p> <p>You can find the corresponding publication here: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-04295-9#citeas">StreetSurfaceVis: a dataset of crowdsourced street-level imagery with semi-automated annotations of road surface type and quality</a></p> <p> </p> <h3>Image metadata</h3> <p>Each CSV record contains information about one street-level image with the following attributes:</p> <ul> <li><code>mapillary_image_id</code>: ID provided by Mapillary (see information below on Mapillary)</li> <li><code>user_id</code>: Mapillary user ID of contributor</li> <li><code>user_name</code>: Mapillary user name of contributor</li> <li><code>captured_at</code>: timestamp, capture time of image</li> <li><code>longitude</code>, <code>latitude</code>: location the image was taken at</li> <li><code>train</code>: Suggestion to split train and test data. `True` for train data and `False` for test data. Test data contains data from 5 cities which are excluded in the training data.</li> <li><code>surface_type</code>: Surface type of the road in the focal area (the center of the lower image half) of the image. Possible values: asphalt, concrete, paving_stones, sett, unpaved</li> <li><code>surface_quality</code>: Surface quality of the road in the focal area of the image. Possible values: (1) excellent, (2) good, (3) intermediate, (4) bad, (5) very bad (see the attached <strong>Labeling Guide document</strong> for details)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <h3>Image source</h3> <p>Images are obtained from <a href="https://www.mapillary.com/">Mapillary</a>, a crowd-sourcing plattform for street-level imagery. More metadata about each image can be obtained via the <a href="https://www.mapillary.com/developer/api-documentation">Mapillary API . </a>User-generated images are shared by Mapillary under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA</a> License.</p> <p>For each image, the dataset contains the <code>mapillary_image_id</code> and <code>user_name</code>. <br>You can access user information on the Mapillary website by <code>https://www.mapillary.com/app/user/<USER_NAME> </code><br>and image information by <code>https://www.mapillary.com/app/?focus=photo&pKey=<MAPILLARY_IMAGE_ID></code></p> <p>If you use the provided images, please adhere to the <a href="https://www.mapillary.com/terms">terms of use of Mapillary.</a></p> <p> </p> <h3>Instances per class</h3> <p>Total number of images: 9,122</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> </td> <td><strong>excellent</strong></td> <td><strong>good</strong></td> <td><strong>intermediate</strong></td> <td><strong>bad</strong></td> <td><strong>very bad</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>asphalt</strong></td> <td>971</td> <td>1697</td> <td>821</td> <td>246</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>concrete</strong></td> <td>314</td> <td>350</td> <td>250</td> <td>58</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>paving stones</strong></td> <td>385</td> <td>1063</td> <td>519</td> <td>70</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>sett</strong></td> <td>-</td> <td>129</td> <td>694</td> <td>540</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>unpaved</strong></td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>326</td> <td>387</td> <td>303</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>For modeling, we recommend using a train-test split where the test data includes geospatially distinct areas, thereby ensuring the model's ability to generalize to unseen regions is tested. We propose five cities varying in population size and from different regions in Germany for testing - images are tagged accordingly.</p> <p>Number of test images (train-test split): 776</p> <h3>Inter-rater-reliablility</h3> <p>Three annotators labeled the dataset, such that each image was annotated by one person. Annotators were encouraged to consult each other for a second opinion when uncertain.<br>1,800 images were annotated by all three annotators, resulting in a <em>Krippendorff's alpha</em> of 0.96 for surface type and 0.74 for surface quality.</p> <h3>Recommended image preprocessing</h3> <p>As the focal road located in the bottom center of the street-level image is labeled, it is recommended to crop images to their lower and middle half prior using for classification tasks.</p> <p>This is an exemplary code for recommended image preprocessing in <strong>Python</strong>:</p> <pre><code>from PIL import Image<br></code><code>img = Image.open(image_path)</code><br><code>width, height = img.size</code><br><code>img_cropped = img.crop((0.25 * width, 0.5 * height, 0.75 * width, height))</code></pre> <h3><br><strong>License</strong></h3> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-SA</a></p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Citation</strong></h3> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite as: </p> <p> </p> <p>Kapp, A., Hoffmann, E., Weigmann, E. <em>et al.</em> StreetSurfaceVis: a dataset of crowdsourced street-level imagery annotated by road surface type and quality. <em>Sci Data</em> <strong>12</strong>, 92 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04295-9</p> <p> </p> <p><code>@article{kapp_streetsurfacevis_2025,<br> title = {{StreetSurfaceVis}: a dataset of crowdsourced street-level imagery annotated by road surface type and quality},<br> volume = {12},<br> issn = {2052-4463},<br> url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04295-9},<br> doi = {10.1038/s41597-024-04295-9},<br> pages = {92},<br> number = {1},<br> journaltitle = {Scientific Data},<br> shortjournal = {Scientific Data},<br> author = {Kapp, Alexandra and Hoffmann, Edith and Weigmann, Esther and Mihaljević, Helena},<br> date = {2025-01-16},<br>}</code></p> <p> </p> <p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>This is part of the SurfaceAI project at the University of Applied Sciences, HTW Berlin.</p> <p><br>- Prof. Dr. Helena Mihajlević<br>- Alexandra Kapp<br>- Edith Hoffmann<br>- Esther Weigmann</p> <p>Contact: surface-ai@htw-berlin.de</p> <p>https://surfaceai.github.io/surfaceai/</p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>: SurfaceAI is a mFund project funded by the Federal Ministry for Digital and Transportation Germany.</p> <p> </p>
Voxel-level summary statistics of hippocampus shape, white matter microstructure, and cortical surface curvature in UK Biobank (n=33,324)
<p>This deposit hosts GWAS summary statistics of hippocampus shape (n=33,324), white matter microstructure (n=33,324), and cortical surface curvature (n=15,752) using UKB unrelated white subjects. The data was generated by using the highly efficient imaging genetics (<a href="https://github.com/Zhiwen-Owen-Jiang/heig">HEIG v1.1.0</a>) framework where only the triplets - summary statistics of low-dimensional representations (LDRs), the functional bases, and the variance-covariance matrix LDRs - are shared, which is sufficient to recover all voxel-variant pairs as well as to conduct voxel-level heritability and (cross-trait) genetic correlation analysis. Check the <a href="https://github.com/Zhiwen-Owen-Jiang/heig/wiki">tutorial</a> and the <a href="../records/13770930">example data</a> used in the tutorial. </p> <p>The shared data includes:</p> <p>1. Triplets for hippocampus shape measured by the radial distance from the medial model for each vertex. The original images contain 30,000 vertices while the shared data contains 49 LDRs. Left and right hemispheres were analyzed separately, each with 15,000 vertices.</p> <p>2. Triplets for 21 white matter tracts measured by fractional anisotropy. The original images contain 32,217 voxels and each tract contains 88 ~ 3503 voxels while the shared data contains 1,034 LDRs. Tracts were analyzed separately.</p> <p>3. Triplets for cortical surface curvature. The original images contain 59,412 vertices while the shared data contains 1,750 LDRs. The entire brain was analyzed as a whole.</p> <p>4. LD matrix and its inverse for 22 chromosomes including 460k genotyped SNPs. LD matrix and its inverse were estimated by using two separate datasets each containing 8.4k white unrelated subjects in UKB. Two regularization levels are provided: {85%, 80%} for heritability and genetic correlations within images and {75%, 70%} for cross-trait genetic correlations.</p> <p>5. LD matrix and its inverse for 22 chromosomes including 1.2 million imputed HapMap3 SNPs. LD matrix and its inverse were estimated by using two separate datasets each containing 42k white unrelated subjects in UKB. Two regularization levels are provided: {98%, 95%} for heritability and genetic correlations within images and {90%, 85%} for cross-trait genetic correlations.</p>
Nyack Floodplain RiverNet surface water and groundwater dissolved oxygen, conductivity, water level, and temperature Northwest Montana, USA, 2012-2020
Water dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, and level from ten locations in the Nyack Floodplain of the Middle Fork of the Flathead River in Northwest Montana, USA. Measurements are made hourly for the period of 2012 to 2020. Six sensor are placed in groundwater wells and four are placed in surface water. Data up to June 26h, 2019 have been cleaned to remove bad data and flag potentially anomalous observations.
Eectrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of S100B at clinically relevant levels using a cysteamine modified surface
<p>Datasets analyzed during the work titled "An electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of S100B at clinically relevant levels using a cysteamine modified surface".</p>
BST/NOAA PSL Level 2 UAS Soil Moisture, Digital Elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, and Surface Temperature for SPLASH
<p>This dataset contains uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) high-resolution data of soil moisture at the 0-5 cm soil depth, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface temperature, and digital elevation for the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrology (SPLASH) campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These data were collected near Avery Picnic (38.972425 degrees N,106.996855 degrees W) and Kettle Ponds (38.942005 degrees N,106.973006 degrees W) in the East River Watershed in Colorado from a series of flights starting on June 1st, 2022 and ending October 18th, 2023. Soil moisture measurements were retrieved using the Lobe Differencing Correlation Radiometer (LDCR) which is a L-Band (1-2 GHz) microwave radiometer and was flown on the E2 and S2 aerial platforms operated by Black Swift Technologies LLC. </p> <p> </p> <p>Each zip file contains a set of four Level 2 NetCDF files which provides the highest spatial resolution available for each of four products for a given flight location. With the Level 2 data, each flight location and variable can have different spatial resolutions depending on the sensor type, retrieval algorithm, and flight altitude. The file name convention for the zip files is as follows.</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_L2_yyyymmdd_hhmmss_vX.X.zip </p> <p>where</p> <p>L2 = Level 2 data </p> <p>yyyymmdd = year,month,day</p> <p>hhmmss = hour,minute,second</p> <p>vX.X = version number</p> <p>Time is the flight start time in UTC.</p> <p> </p> <p>The NetCDF file format contained in the zip files has a similar format to the zip files with convention</p> <p> </p> <p>uas_<var>_L2_yyyymmdd_hhmmss.nc </p> <p>where</p> <p><var> = vsm, dem, ndvi, or stmp</p> <p>vsm = volumetric soil moisture</p> <p>dem = digital elevation</p> <p>ndvi = normalized difference vegetation index</p> <p>stmp = surface temperature</p> <p> </p> <p>Note that each flight location using the E2 aerial platform required two flights so starting flight times for the soil moisture NetCDF files are different from the other three products.</p> <p><strong>November 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.0 added flight data from 2023. Version 2.0 includes an updated calibration of the soil moisture retrieval that has been applied to 2023 data, and a mask was applied to the soil moisture retrieval over water surfaces for both 2022 and 2023 data.</p> <p><strong>December 2023 update</strong>: Version 2.1 updated soil moisture data with a wet bias in v2.0 for flights #2 (17:40:35 UTC) and #3 (19:24:45 UTC) on July 27, 2022.</p>
Data supporting manuscript "Regional scaling of sea surface temperature with global warming levels in the CMIP6 ensemble"
<p>Data supporting the results presented in the article Milovac et al: "Regional scaling of sea surface temperature with global warming levels in the CMIP6 ensemble".</p> <p>1. data_raw.tar contains annual and seasonal, global and regional (i.e. over ocean IPCC regions and ocean biomes), mean sea surface and near surface temperatures, calculated for the selected 26 CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) at low resolution (listed in the file models_low_res.txt) and 1 GCM at high resolution (listed in the file models_high_res.txt). The original files, downloaded from one of the ESGF data centers, were all interpolated onto a common grid with the 1-degree resolution for low-resolution output and the 0.25-degree resolution for high-resolution output. The output was generated using the cdo tool (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7112925">https://zenodo.org/record/7112925</a>).</p> <p>2. data_txt.tar contains the results used to obtain all the figures given in the article.</p>
Fireline surface level and thaw depths: Wickersham fire sites (1977 - 2009)
In June of 1971, the Wickersham fire burned 6313 ha in an open black spruce forest underlain with permafrost and provided an opportunity to study fire and fireline effects on the rate and patterns of permafrost, vegetation, and soil recovery. Because of the fire?s proximity to Fairbanks, a concentrated effort was made to control the fire and 29 bulldozers constructed 113 km of fireline which averaged 12 m in width (Viereck and Dyrness 1979). The construction of firelines with heavy machinery involves the complete removal of vegetation and the soil organic layer down to mineral soil. The removal of the organic layer and subsequent loss of thermal insulation results in an increase in permafrost depth of thaw. In addition, thermal subsidence, erosion, and formation of gullies makes the fireline surface unstable and full recovery tends to be a lengthy process. This long-term study examines fireline surface level changes and maximum depth of thaw over time on cross sections of two firelines underlain with ice rich permafrost.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: High frequency, 1-min pressure measurements of continuous stage (lake level) and ice surface ablation from Lake Hoare, Antarctica from 2012-2016
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program, continuous stage (lake level) and ice surface ablation were collected at Lake Hoare, located in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. This package contains data measured at 1-minute intervals from Nov 2012 to Apr 2013, Nov 2013 to Feb 2014, and Nov 2014 to Oct 2016.
Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange) in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange)
Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 5. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse sections of flower (a, orthoslice xy0665 close to the apex of placenta; b, orthoslice xy0800 in middle part of placenta) showing remains of calyx with distinct bundles (arrows), ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) on the central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) with central column (cc). c: Transverse section of flower (orthoslice xy0620) through perianth and ovary (ow) at a level above the placenta showing ovules (ov) and cellular preservation of the sepal bundles (arrows shown for one sepal); note abaxial surface of sepals with thick-walled epidermal cells, thick cuticle, and fine pointed verrucae. d: Longitudinal section of flower (orthoslice xz0500) showing perigynous position of calyx and semi-inferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with a central placenta (pl), central column (cc) and numerous ovules (ov); note spiny verrucae on abaxial surface of calyx lobes. Specimens, Mira 100-S153145 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).
Supplementary files for the article "Reconstruction of the surface temperature employing models with different complexity levels: a study for the mid-Holocene."
<p>Dear members of the scientific community,</p> <p>This dataset contains all data and scripts used to prepare the manuscript "Reconstruction of the Surface Temperature Employing Models with Different Complexity Levels: A Study for the Mid-Holocene." </p> <p>Notice that the compressed file contains folders for the mid-Holocene and pre-industrial scenarios and the climatologies of the scenarios' differences. To sum up, we provide each model output adopted in this study and their ensembles: high-complexity models (HCM), Reduced-complexity models (RCM), and All-complexity models (ACM). The statistics and plots can be generated by running the R scripts within the "R_script" folder.</p> <p><br>Best regards,</p> <p>Emerson D. Oliveira</p>
The Far INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE) Part I: Instrument description and level 1 radiances (data set)
<p>The data set uploaded to this repository is outlined in a manuscript submitted to the journal Atmospheric Measurement Techniques.</p> <p>A. BB_effective_emissivity: Holds the data set used to characterise instrument calibration target emissivity</p> <p>B. ILS_data: Holds the data set used to model the instrument spectral lineshape</p> <p>C. Time_resolved_spectral_response: Holds the data set establishing the spectral stability of the instrument</p> <p>D. Zenith_radiances_20220323_1100UTC: Holds calibrated radiances acquired by FINESSE to demonstrate it accuracy and precision. Also included in this file is an LBLRTM simulation using coincident ERA5 profile information for the time and location of the observations</p> <p>The Far INfrarEd Spectrometer for Surface Emissivity (FINESSE). Part I: Instrument description and level 1 radiances</p> <p>Jonathan E. Murray1,2, Laura Warwick3, Helen Brindley1,2, Alan Last1, Patrick Quigley1, Andy Rochester1, Alexander. Dewar1, Daniel. Cummins1</p> <p>1 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BX, UK</p> <p>2 National Centre for Earth Observation, UK</p> <p>3 ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands</p> <p>In the manuscript Part (I) we describe the FINESSE system configuration, outlining the FINESSE spectral characteristics, the data acquisition methodology and the calibration strategy. As part of the process, we evaluate the stability of the system, including the impact of knowledge of blackbody target emissivity and temperature. We also establish a numerical description of the instrument line shape. We demonstrate why it is important to account for these effects by assessing their impact on the overall uncertainty budget on the level 1 radiance products from FINESSE.</p>
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