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7 results for “Limacina”
Stacking microscopy images of the pteropod Limacina bulimoides
<p>Pteropods, a group of holoplanktonic gastropods, are regarded as bioindicators of the effects of ocean acidification on open ocean ecosystems, because their thin aragonitic shells are susceptible to dissolution. While there have been recent efforts to address their capacity for physiological acclimation, it is also important to gain predictive understanding of their ability to adapt to future ocean conditions. However, little is known about the levels of genetic variation and large scale population structuring of pteropods, key characteristics enabling local adaptation. We examined the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 28S gene fragments, as well as shell shape variation, across a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (35°N-36°S) for the pteropod <i>Limacina bulimoides</i>. We observed high levels of genetic variability (COI π = 0.034, 28S π = 0.0021) and strong spatial structuring (COI Φ<sub>ST </sub>= 0.230, 28S Φ<sub>ST </sub>= 0.255) across this transect. Based on the congruence of mitochondrial and nuclear differentiation, as well as differences in shell shape, we identified a primary dispersal barrier in the southern Atlantic subtropical gyre (15-18°S). This barrier is maintained despite the presence of expatriates, a gyral current system, and in the absence of any distinct oceanographic gradients in this region, suggesting that reproductive isolation between these populations must be strong. A secondary dispersal barrier supported only by 28S pairwise Φ<sub>ST </sub>comparisons was identified in the equatorial upwelling region (between 15°N-4°S), which is concordant with barriers observed in other zooplankton species. Both oceanic dispersal barriers were congruent with regions of low abundance reported for a similar basin-scale transect that was sampled two years later. Our finding supports the hypothesis that low abundance indicates areas of suboptimal habitat that result in barriers to gene flow in widely-distributed zooplankton species. Such species may in fact consist of several populations or (sub)species that are adapted to local environmental conditions, limiting their potential for adaptive responses to ocean changes. Future analyses of genome-wide diversity in pteropods could provide further insight into the strength, formation and maintenance of oceanic dispersal barriers.</p>
Data from: Additive effects of pCO2 and temperature on respiration rates of the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica
The Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, is a dominant member of the zooplankton in the Ross Sea and supports the vast diversity of marine megafauna that designates this region as an internationally protected area. Here, we observed the response of respiration rate to abiotic stressors associated with global change – environmentally relevant temperature (-0.8˚C, 4˚C) and pH treatments reflecting current-day and future modeled extremes. Sampling repeatedly over a 14-day period in laboratory experiments and using microplate respirometry techniques, we found that the metabolic rate of juvenile pteropods increased in response to high pCO2 exposure (920 µatm) at -0.8˚C, a near-ambient temperature. Similarly, metabolic rate increased when pteropods were exposed simultaneously to multiple stressors, elevated pCO2 conditions (960 µatm) and a high temperature (+4˚C). Overall, the results showed that pCO2 and temperature interact additively to affect metabolic rates in pteropods. Furthermore, we found that L. h. antarctica can tolerate acute exposure to temperatures far beyond its maximal habitat temperature. Overall, L. h. antarctica appears to be susceptible to pH and temperature stress, two abiotic stressors which are expected to be especially deleterious for ectothermic marine metazoans in polar seas.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate modulates locomotor acceleration induced by nitric oxide but not serotonin in Clione limacina central pattern generator swim interneurons
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Data from: Additive effects of pCO2 and temperature on respiration rates of the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica
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Stacking microscopy images of the pteropod Limacina bulimoides
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FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic results. A, Maximum likelihood tree from COI dataset rooted with Ophelia limacina. B, Maximum likelihood tree from ITS1 in Validation of three sympatric Thoracophelia species (Annelida: Opheliidae) from Dillon Beach, California using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic results. A, Maximum likelihood tree from COI dataset rooted with Ophelia limacina. B, Maximum likelihood tree from ITS1 dataset rooted according to the result for the COI dataset. Support values are shown as jackknife from parsimony analysis and bootstrap from maximum likelihood respectively separated by /. * indicates 100% values for each support measure.
Shell lengths of pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, collected from the PAL LTER sediment trap along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2004 - 2018, and from net tows 2017-2018.
Pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, is an abundant zooplankton along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and prey for higher trophic organisms. Changes in the pteropod (pelagic snail) phenology (life history) have important implications for regional food web dynamics. Pteropod shell lengths were collected from the PAL LTER sediment trap located along the northern continental shelf of the PAL LTER sampling grid, 2004-2018. PAL LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5° S, 66.0° W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 170 m. Pteropod samples are stored in 21 sample collection bottles on the sediment trap that were prepared with a Milli-Q deionized water rinse and filled with 7.5 g NaCl l-1 solution and 2% borate-buffered formalin in filtered seawater (34 ppt), with a final salinity concentration of 41 ppt. L. h. antarctica shell lengths also collected during the PAL LTER 2018 January offshore cruise and for four months at Palmer Station, Anvers Island (November 2017 to February 2018). L. h. antarctica and all other macrozooplankton collection on the PAL LTER cruise are performed with a 2 m square frame Metro net (700 µm mesh), towed obliquely to a depth of 120 m. At Palmer Station, pteropods are collected with a 1 m x 1 m square frame Metro net (700 µm mesh) and a 1 m diameter ring net (200 or 500 µm mesh), towed obliquely to a depth of ~50 m. Shell lengths are determined by measuring from the opening of the shell aperture directly across the diameter of the shell. The shell lengths analyzed within the WAP region are used to determine phenology patterns in pteropod population dynamics and changes thereof over time.
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