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140 results for “Limnonectes”
Data from: Leap-frog dispersal and mitochondrial introgression: phylogenomics and biogeography of Limnonectes fanged frogs in the Lesser Sundas Archipelago of Wallacea
Aim: The Lesser Sunda Islands are situated between the Sunda and Sahul Shelves, with a linear arrangement that has functioned as a two-way filter for taxa dispersing between the Asian and Australo-Papuan biogeographic realms. Distributional patterns of many terrestrial vertebrates suggest a stepping-stone model of island colonization. Here we investigate the timing and sequence of island colonization in Asian-origin fanged frogs from the volcanic Sunda Arc islands with the goal of testing the stepping-stone model of island colonization. Location: The Indonesian islands of Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, and Lembata. Taxon: Limnonectes dammermani and L. kadarsani (Family: Dicroglossidae) Methods: Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from 153 frogs to identify major lineages and to select samples for an exon-capture experiment. We designed probes to capture sequence data from 974 exonic loci (1,235,981 bp) from 48 frogs including the outgroup species, L. microdiscus. The resulting data were analyzed using phylogenetic, population genetic, and biogeographical model testing methods. Results: The mtDNA phylogeny finds L. kadarsani paraphyletic with respect to L. dammermani, with a pectinate topology consistent with the stepping-stone model. Phylogenomic analyses of 974 exons recovered the two species as monophyletic sister taxa that diverged ~7.6 Ma with no detectable contemporary gene flow, suggesting introgression of the L. dammermani mitochondrion into L. kadarsani on Lombok resulting from an isolated ancient hybridization event ~4 Ma. Within L. kadarsani, the Lombok lineage diverged first while the Sumbawa and Lembata lineages are nested within a Flores assemblage composed of two parapatrically distributed lineages meeting in central Flores. Biogeographical model comparison found strict stepping-stone dispersal to be less likely than models involving leap-frog dispersal events. Main conclusions: These results suggest that the currently accepted stepping-stone model of island colonization might not best explain the current patterns of diversity in the archipelago. The high degree of genetic structure, large divergence times, and absent or low levels of migration between lineages suggests that L. kadarsani represents five distinct species.
Fig. 9 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 9. Draco blandfordii from the town centre, photographed by B. C. Ng in June 1990.
Fig. 7 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 7. Oral disc of larval Theloderma asperum (Stage 35).
Fig. 6 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 6. Lateral (a) and dorsal (b) aspects of late (Stage 43) larval Theloderma asperum.
Fig. 5 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 5. Lateral (a) and dorsal (b) aspects of early (Stage 25) larval Theloderma asperum.
Fig. 4 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 4. Adult female Theloderma asperum (ZRC.1.9321, SVL 33.1mm).
Fig. 1 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 1. Adult male Limnonectes nitidus (ZRC.1.9356, SVL 40.7mm).
Fig. 2 in Herpetofaunal Records From Fraser'S Hill, Peninsular Malaysia, With Larval Descriptions Of Limnonectes Nitidus And Theloderma Asperum (Amphibia: Ranidae And Rhacophoridae)
Fig. 2. Lateral (a) and dorsal (b) aspects of Stage 40 larval Limnonectes nitidus.
Data from: Leap-frog dispersal and mitochondrial introgression: phylogenomics and biogeography of Limnonectes fanged frogs in the Lesser Sundas Archipelago of Wallacea
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FIGURE 2 in A new fanged frog in the Limnonectes kuhlii complex (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Cambodia
FIGURE 2. Odontoids in male Limnonectes: (A) Limnonectes fastigatus sp. nov. (paratype MVZ 258204) in life. (B) Limnonectes fragilis (unknown voucher) in preservative. Photograph by Jing Che. (C) Limnonectes kiziriani (field tag LNT 2917) in life. Photograph by Luan Thanh Nguyen. (D) Placements of 11 landmarks on heads of preserved male specimens of Limnonectes frogs for geometric morphometric analyses.
FIGURE 5 in A new fanged frog in the Limnonectes kuhlii complex (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Cambodia
FIGURE 5. Limnonectes fastigatus sp. nov. in life or immediately prior to preservation. Holotype male (MVZ 258214) in (A) dorsolateral, (B) frontal, (C) dorsal, (D) ventral, and (E) facial views, and paratype male (MVZ 258204) in (F) dorsolateral view.
FIGURE 4 in A new fanged frog in the Limnonectes kuhlii complex (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Cambodia
FIGURE 4. Morphometrics of six species of Limnonectes frogs. (A) Bivariate ordination with 95% confidence ellipses of the first two linear discriminants from linear discriminant analysis of ratios of 12 measurements divided by body length (BL) from preserved males and females. (B) Bivariate ordination with 95% confidence ellipses of the first two canonical variates of 11 geometric landmarks from heads of preserved male specimens.
FIGURE 1 in A new fanged frog in the Limnonectes kuhlii complex (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from northeastern Cambodia
FIGURE 1. Map illustrating the holotype (star) and paratype (square) localities of Limnonectes fastigatus sp. nov. and localities of samples of Limnonectes kiziriani (circles) and Limnonectes fragilis (triangles) used in this study.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 8. Map showing the type locality (purple circle) of Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. in Phu Yen Province, Vietnam.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 4 Lateral view of the head (A) and shape of odontoid processes (B) of the holotype (IEBR 4737) of Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 3. Dorsolateral view (A) and ventral view (B) of the holotype (IEBR 4737, male) of Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. in preservative.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 5. Right hand (A), right foot (B), and dorsal view of finger I (C) of the holotype (IEBR 4737) of Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Limnonectes (Amphibia: Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Vietnam
FIGURE 6. Paratypes of Limnonectes phuyenensis sp. nov. in life (with ventral view inserted). (A) male ITBCZ 4598 (male on the right with two unvouchered females nearby on the left). (B) male ITBCZ 4753, (C) male ITBCZ 4754, (D) female ITBCZ 4750, (E) female VNMN 010903, and (F) an observed juvenile.
Data from: Adaptive radiation and ecological opportunity in Sulawesi and Philippine fanged frog (Limnonectes) communities.
Because island communities are derived from the mainland, they are often less diverse by comparison. However, reduced complexity of island communities can also present ecological opportunities. For example, amphibian diversity on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi is generally lower than in the Philippines, but this island supports a surprisingly diverse endemic assemblage of Sulawesi fanged frogs (genus Limnonectes). To explore evolutionary dynamics of this system, we examined molecular, morphological, and geographical variation of fanged frogs from these two regions. Using genealogical concordance – a conservative standard – we identified 12 species on Sulawesi, only four of which are described. One more species can be distinguished with morphology, and a Bayesian approach to species delimitation suggests our total species estimate on Sulawesi (n = 13) is still an underestimate. After accounting for evolutionary history, a model with multiple body size optima in sympatric Limnonectes species is significantly preferred over a "random walk" model where body size evolves by Brownian motion. Additionally, morphological variation is higher among sympatric than non-sympatric species on Sulawesi, but not in the Philippines. Taken together, these findings suggest that adaptive radiation of fanged frogs on Sulawesi was driven by natural selection to infiltrate ecological niches occupied by other lineages in the Philippines. Our study supports the concept of ecological opportunity in community assembly: diversification in mature communities, such as the Philippines, is limited by a dearth of unoccupied ecological niches. On Sulawesi however, evolutionary novelties originated in a predictable and replicated fashion in response to opportunities presented by a depauperate ancestral community.
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis derived from 12S and 16S in A new species of big-headed, fanged dicroglossine frog (Genus Limnonectes) from Thailand
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis derived from 12S and 16S mitochondrial data. Occidozyga laevis and Fejervarya limnocharis were used as outgroups, but are not shown. * indicates clades supported by Bayesian posterior probabilities> 90%, and bootstrap values> 70% from ML (100 replicates) and Parsimony analysis (2000 replicates).
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