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12 results for “Lithornis”
Fig. 2 in The eggshell of the Eocene bird Lithornis
Fig. 2. SEM micrograph images of eggshells. A. Lithornis celetius, YPM PU 16961, Bagtail Quarry, Montana, Fort Union Formation (Paleocene). A1. Circular pore orifice on the eggshell outer surface (arrow). A2. Even though it is hard to see, the entire thickness of the eggshell consists of three aprismatic structural layers (layers, 1 and 3 are also relatively thin comparatively to layer 2; see text). A3. Detail of layers 1 and 2 (note the acicular crystals at the base of the eggshell units). A4. Detail of layer 3. B. Tinamus tinamus (Tinamidae), AMNH 15478, Recent. B1. Layer 3. B2. Layer 1 with acicular calcite crystals at the base of eggshell units.
Fig. 1 in The eggshell of the Eocene bird Lithornis
Fig. 1. SEM micrograph images of eggshells. A. Lithornis vulturinus (Lithornithidae), NMING F 2005−1, Walton−on−the−Naze, Essex, UK, London Clay Formation (lower Eocene). A1. Circular pore orifice on the eggshell outer surface; A2. Three aprismatic structural layers (our layers 1–3; see text) compose the entire thickness of the same specimen. Layers, 1 and 3 are relatively thin comparatively to layer 2. A3. Details of layer 3. A4. Bladed calcite crystals at the base of eggshell. B. Rhynchotus rufescens (Tinamidae), AMNH 13376, Recent. B1. Layer 3 of the eggshell. B2. Structural layers with bladed calcite crystals at the base of eggshell units.
Fig. 4 in A New Specimen of the Fossil Palaeognath Lithornis from the Lower Eocene of Denmark
Fig. 4. Some preserved postcranial elements of MGUH 26770. A, right coracoid in dorsal view; B, distal carpometacarpus and digit; C, pelvis in lateral view. Scale bars are 10 mm.
Fig. 3. MGUH 26770 in A New Specimen of the Fossil Palaeognath Lithornis from the Lower Eocene of Denmark
Fig. 3. MGUH 26770, closeup views of cervical vertebrae (A, B), lateral sides (sp, spinous processes). Scale bar is 10 mm.
Fig. 1 in A New Specimen of the Fossil Palaeognath Lithornis from the Lower Eocene of Denmark
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree redrawn from Lee et al. (1997) that shows the interrelationships of living palaeognaths (based on molecular and morphological data). We have added the position of the lithornithids based on Dyke (2003).
Fig. 2. MGUH 26770 in A New Specimen of the Fossil Palaeognath Lithornis from the Lower Eocene of Denmark
Fig. 2. MGUH 26770, specimen referred to Lithornis. A, skull in articulation with complete postcranial skeleton; B, skull preserved in oblique lateral view, exposing right side; C, palate of MGUH 26770 in ventral view. Anatomical abbreviations: ba, basitemporal plate; de, dentary; pa, palatine; pt, pterygoid; vo, vomer.
FIGURE 5. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 5. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, close-up of the right shoulder girdle and proximal end of humerus. Anatomical abbreviations: ac, acromion; ah, facies articularis humeralis; bc, crista bicipitalis; ca, caput humeri; C12-15, vertebrae cervicales; dp, crista deltopectoralis; fs, facies articularis sternalis; fu, furcula; ih, intumescentia humeri; ip, impressio musculi pectoralis; ms, impressio musculi sternocoracoidei; pa, processus acrocoracoideus; pl, processus lateralis; sc, scapula; T1, vertebra thoracica 1. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 1. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 1. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, articulated skeleton. Anatomical abbreviations: al, phalanx digiti alulae; an, anulus ossicularis sclerae; at, atlas; ax, axis; cd, condylus dorsalis; co, costae vertebrales; cv, condylus ventralis; C3-12, vertebrae cervicales; dl, crista iliaca dorsolateralis; dm, left phalanx digiti minoris; dM1, left phalanx proximalis digiti majoris; dM2, left phalanx distalis digiti majoris; dp, crista deltopectoralis; fr, frontale; ft, foramina intertransversaria; fu, furcula; la, lacrimale; lc, left carpometacarpus; lh, left humerus; lp, lamina parasphenoidalis; lr, left radius; ls, left scapula; lu, left ulna; md, mandibula; mm, os metacarpale minus; ol, olecranon; po, ala postacetabularis ilii; pr, ala preacetabularis ilii; ra, left radiale; rc, right coracoideum; rh, right humerus; rs, right scapula; T1-8, vertebrae thoracicae; ul, left ulnare. Scale bar equals 2 cm.
FIGURE 6. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 6. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, close-up of the pelvis and vertebrae thoracicae in right lateral view. Anatomical abbreviations: cc, fovea costalis capituli; cp, crest of scapus pubis; dl, crista iliaca dorsolateralis; fo, foramen obturatum; ii, fenestra ilioischiadica; is, ischium; mf, median foramen pneumaticum; pf, pneumatic foramina; pi, processus uncinatus; po, ala postacetabularis ilii; pr, ala preacetabularis ilii; ps, processus spinosus; pt, processus transversus; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; sy, synsacrum; tp, tuberculum preacetabulare; T4-8, vertebrae thoracicae; zc, zygapophysis caudalis. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 2. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 2. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, skull in caudal view. Anatomical abbreviations: ao, foramen rami occipitalis arteriae ophthalmicae externae; ap, ala parasphenoidalis; at, atlas; cl, condylus lateralis of quadratum; ct, crista nuchalis transversa; dm, impressio musculi depressor mandibulae; fs, fossa subcondylaris; lp, lamina parasphenoidalis; oc, ostium canalis carotici; pa, processus paroccipitalis; pb, processus basipterygoideus; pl, processus lateralis; pm, processus medialis; pr, processus retroarticularis; pt, pterygoideum; sb, fossa subtemporalis; vo, foramen venae occipitalis externae; zy, processus zygomaticus; X, foramen nervi glossopharyngealis plus foramen nervi vagi; XII, foramina nervorum hypoglossi. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 3. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 3. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, skull in ventral view. Anatomical abbreviations: at, atlas; ax, axis; cb, ceratobranchiale; cp, caudal process of os palatinum; C3-5, vertebrae cervicales; dm, impressio musculi depressor mandibulae; fb, facies articularis basipterygoidea; fc, fossa choanalis; mh, medial hook of pterygoideum; oc, ostium canalis carotici; oe, groove for the arteria and vena ophthalmicae externae; pa, processus paroccipitalis; pb, processus basipterygoideus; pf, pterygoid fossa; po, processus oticus; pr, processus retroarticularis; rp, rostrum parasphenoidale; ta, tuba auditiva; vo, vomer; zy, processus zygomaticus; X, foramen nervi glossopharyngealis plus foramen nervi vagi. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 4. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 in A redescription of Lithornis vulturinus (Aves, Palaeognathae) from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark
FIGURE 4. Lithornis vulturinus Owen, 1840 (MGUH 26770), Early Eocene of Denmark, skull in right lateral view. Anatomical abbreviations: aj, arcus jugalis; an, apertura nasi ossea; cc, caudal convexity of lacrimale; cq, cotyla quadratojugalis; dz, small depression on processus zygomaticus; fc, fenestra caudalis; fp, sutura frontoparietalis; fr, fenestra rostralis; jl, articulatio jugolacrimalis; lg, lateral groove of mandibula; mf, medial fossa of mandibula; or, processus orbitalis of lacrimale; po, processus orbitalis of quadratum; pp, processus postorbitalis; sc, ossa sclerae; su, processus supraorbitalis; tf, fossa temporalis. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
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