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43 results for “Lombard”
German Lombard conversation recordings
<p>These sound files contain conversations of three actors (one female and two male speakers) sitting in a cafeteria, simulating a daily life conversation of three students about six different topics in German. Lombard speech, where speaking in a noisy environment leads to an elevated amplitude and frequencies [1], was generated by providing the speakers with headphones with background noise during the recordings.</p> <p>These recordings can be used as speech material in hearing studies, for example. The recordings were used in [2].</p> <p>Files</p> <p>Lombard_conversations_script.pdf: Script of the conversations</p> <p>Wav-files (three speakers in three channels):</p> <p>bg_story_1.wav: Studying for exams</p> <p>bg_story_2.wav: Leisure activities and appointment at a restaurant</p> <p>bg_story_3.wav: Semester break plans and jobs</p> <p>bg_story_4.wav: Sports</p> <p>bg_story_5.wav: Pets</p> <p>bg_story_6.wav: Weather and appointment for a bike tour</p> <p>*.license: License abbreviation and author information, for use in the acoustic simulation tool TASCAR [3]</p> <p>two_channel_playback.m: Matlab/Octave script to play back the .wav files on two channels</p> <p>two_channel_playback.tsc: TASCAR [3] example scene playing back the .wav files on two channels</p> <p><br> </p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In preparation of the recordings, Sennheiser HDA200 headphones were calibrated with a Brüel & Kjær 4153 artificial ear and a 92 dB calibrator. A sound file containing a background noise recorded in a cafeteria was then calibrated to 75 dB. For the recordings, the background noise was played back by the Sennheiser HDA200 headphones which the speakers were wearing. Additionally, each speaker was equipped with a cardioid microphone and a script of the conversations. Then, the speakers spoke the conversations by improvising the text of the script, and the speech was recorded by the microphones. From the resulting recordings, distracting sounds such as crosstalk from the other speakers, page-flipping or verbal slips and errors were cut out and the three channels were combined and saved in sound files.</p> <p><br> </p> <p>References</p> <p>[1] Junqua, Jean‐Claude. "The Lombard reflex and its role on human listeners and automatic speech recognizers." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93.1 (1993): 510-524.</p> <p>[2] Hendrikse, MME, Eichler, T Grimm, G and Hohmann, V. (in preparation) Interaction of hearing aids with self-motion and the influence of hearing impairment</p> <p>[3] Grimm, Giso; Luberadzka, Joanna; Hohmann, Volker. A Toolbox for Rendering Virtual Acoustic Environments in the Context of Audiology. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 105, Number 3, May/June 2019, pp. 566-578(13), doi:10.3813/AAA.919337</p>
Mandarin matrix sentence test recordings: Lombard and plain speech with different speakers
<p>This dataset was recorded within the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project: Experiments and models of speech recognition across tonal and non-tonal language systems (EMSATON, Projektnummer 415895050).</p> <p>The Lombard effect or Lombard reflex is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in loud noise to enhance the audibility of their voice. Up to date, the phenomena of Lombard effects were observed in different languages. The present database aimed at providing recordings for studying the Lombard effect with Mandarin speech.</p> <p>Eleven native-Mandarin talkers (6 female and 5 male) were recruited, both Lombard/plain speech were recorded from the same talker in the same day. </p> <p>All speakers produced fluent standard Mandarin speech (North China). All listeners were normal-hearing with pure tone thresholds of 20 dB hearing level or better at audiometric octave frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz. All listeners provided written informed consent, approved by the Ethics Committee of Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. Listeners received an hourly compensation for their participation.</p> <p>The recording sentences were same as the official Mandarin Chinese matrix sentence test (<a href="#_ENREF_2">CMNmatrix, Hu et al. 2018</a>). </p> <p> One hundred sentences (ten base lists of ten sentences) of the CMNmatrix were recorded from each speaker in both plain and Lombard speaking styles (each base list containing all 50 words). The 100 sentences were divided into 10 blocks of 10 sentences each, and the plain and Lombard blocks were presented in an alternating order. The recording took place in a double-walled, sound-attenuated booth fulfilling ISO 8253-3 (ISO 8253-3, 2012), using a Neumann 184 microphone with a cardioid characteristic (Georg Neumann GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and a Fireface UC soundcard (with a sampling rate of 44100 Hz and resolution of 16 bits). The recording procedure generally followed the procedures of Alghamdi et al. (2018). A Mandarin-native speaker and a phonetician participated in the recording session and listened to the sentences to control the pronunciations, intonation, and speaking rate. During the recording, the speaker was instructed to read the sentence presented on a frontal screen. In case of any mispronunciation or change in the intonation, the speaker was asked via the screen to repeat the sentence again, and on average, each sentence was recorded twice. In Lombard conditions the speaker was regularly asked via a prompt to repeat a sentence, to keep the speaker in the Lombard communication situation. For the plain-speech recording blocks, the speakers were asked to pronounce the sentences with natural intonation and accentuation, and at an intermediate speaking rate, which was facilitated by a progress bar on the screen. Furthermore, the speakers were asked to keep the speaking effort constant and to avoid any exaggerated pronunciations that could lead to unnatural speech cues. For the Lombard speech recording blocks, speakers were instructed to imagine a conversation to another person in a pub-like situation. During the whole recording session, speakers wore headphones (Sennheiser HDA200) that provided the audio signal of the speaker.. In the Lombard condition, the stationary speech-shaped noise ICRA1 (Dreschler et al., 2001) was mixed with the speaker’s audio signal at a level of 80 dB SPL (calibrated with a Brüel & Kjær (B&K) 4153 artificial ear, a B&K 4134 0.5-inch inch microphone, a B&K 2669 preamplifier, and a B&K 2610). Previous studies showed that this level induced a robust Lombard speech without the danger of inducing hearing damage (Alghamdi et al., 2018).</p> <p>The sentences were cut from the recording, high-pass filtered (60 Hz cut-off frequency) and set to the average root-mean-square level of the original speech material of the Mandarin Matrix test (Hu et al., 2018). Then the best version of each sentence was chosen by native-Mandarin speakers regarding pronunciation, tempo, and intonation.</p> <p>For more detailed information, please contact hongmei.hu@uni-oldenburg, sabine.hochmuth@uni-oldenburg.de. </p> <p><em>Hu H, Xi X, Wong LLN, Hochmuth S, Warzybok A, Kollmeier B (2018) Construction and evaluation of the mandarin chinese matrix (cmnmatrix) sentence test for the assessment of speech recognition in noise. International Journal of Audiology 57:838-850. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1483083</em></p> <p> </p>
Text-fig. 4. Location Map of the examined water vole localities. From Masini et al. (2007), modified. 1: Madrid, surroundings, 2: Graz, 3: Eisfeld, 4: Langen, 5: Delta Po, 6: Rovigo, 7: Ferrara, 8: Calabria, 9: Caverna degli Orsi, 10: Arma delle Manie, 11: Riparo Mochi, 12: Grotta di Castelcivita, 13: Grotta della Serratura, 14: Grotta del Romito, 15: Scario Grotta Grande, 16: Grotta di Cucigliana, 17: Upper Valdarno Campitello, 18: Riparo di Visogliano, 19: Isernia La Pineta, 20: Baume Gigny, 21: Baume Moula Guercy, 22: Grotte de L'Eglise, 23: Grotte-Abri Suard, 24: Grotte d'Artenac, 25: Pié Lombard, 26: Abri Vaufrey, 27: Grotte du Lazaret, 28: Abri Gaudry, 29: Pisede, 30: Euerwanger Bühl, 31: Kemathenhöhle, 32: Krockstein (Rübeland 1), 33: Burgtonna, 34: Parkhöhle (Weimar), 35: Stuttgart- Untertürkheim, 36: Taubach, 37: Ehringsdorf, 38: Plaidter-Hummerich, 39: Mosbach, 40: Petersbuch 1, 41: Bilzingsleben, 42: Miesenheim 1, 43: Voigtstedt, 44: Untermassfeld. See Table 1 for symbol explanations. in Independent Water Vole (Mimomys Savini, Arvicola: Rodentia, Mammalia) Lineages In Italy And Central Europe
Text-fig. 4. Location Map of the examined water vole localities. From Masini et al. (2007), modified. 1: Madrid, surroundings, 2: Graz, 3: Eisfeld, 4: Langen, 5: Delta Po, 6: Rovigo, 7: Ferrara, 8: Calabria, 9: Caverna degli Orsi, 10: Arma delle Manie, 11: Riparo Mochi, 12: Grotta di Castelcivita, 13: Grotta della Serratura, 14: Grotta del Romito, 15: Scario Grotta Grande, 16: Grotta di Cucigliana, 17: Upper Valdarno Campitello, 18: Riparo di Visogliano, 19: Isernia La Pineta, 20: Baume Gigny, 21: Baume Moula Guercy, 22: Grotte de L'Eglise, 23: Grotte-Abri Suard, 24: Grotte d'Artenac, 25: Pié Lombard, 26: Abri Vaufrey, 27: Grotte du Lazaret, 28: Abri Gaudry, 29: Pisede, 30: Euerwanger Bühl, 31: Kemathenhöhle, 32: Krockstein (Rübeland 1), 33: Burgtonna, 34: Parkhöhle (Weimar), 35: Stuttgart- Untertürkheim, 36: Taubach, 37: Ehringsdorf, 38: Plaidter-Hummerich, 39: Mosbach, 40: Petersbuch 1, 41: Bilzingsleben, 42: Miesenheim 1, 43: Voigtstedt, 44: Untermassfeld. See Table 1 for symbol explanations.
The Grid Audio-Visual Lombard Speech Corpus
<p>Lombard Grid is a bi-view audiovisual Lombard speech corpus which can be used to support joint computational/behavioral studies in speech perception. The corpus includes 54 talkers, with 100 utterances per talker (50 Lombard and 50 plain utterances). This dataset follows the same sentence format as the audiovisual <a href="https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5042758">Grid corpus</a>, and can thus be considered as an extension of that corpus. The sentence sets used in the Lombard Grid corpus are unique, however, and have not been utilized by the Grid corpus.</p> <p>It offers two synchronised views of the talkers (front and side) to facilitate analysis of speech from different angles. A bespoke head-mounted camera system was used to collect both front and profile views of the talkers.</p> <p><strong>Statistics</strong>: 54 talkers: 30 female talkers and 24 male talkers; 5,400 (audio, front video and side video) utterances (16,200 files in total): 50% Lombard utterances, 50% plain reference utterances.</p> <p>The dataset is described in detail in the paper,</p> <p>Najwa Alghamdi, Steve Maddock, Ricard Marxer, Jon Barker and Guy J. Brown,, "A corpus of audio-visual Lombard speech with frontal and profile views", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 143, El523 (2018) </p> <p>The paper is available online at <a href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/131924/">White Rose Online Research</a>.</p> <p>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Notes on Filenaming</strong></p> <p><strong>Filename format</strong></p> <p>SPKR_COND_UTTERANCE.wav|.mov - e.g., s8_p_sbbi9p.wav</p> <p>*SPKR = s1 to s55</p> <p>*COND = l or p, where l=> Lombard, p=> plain (i.e. non-Lombard)</p> <p>*UTTERANCE = 6-character Grid utterance code, e.g. 'pgag6a' which means 'place green at g 6 again'</p> <p><strong>Metadata format</strong></p> <p>*SPKR = s1 to s55</p> <p>*SESSION = 1 or 2</p> <p>*INDEX = 1 to 10 for ordering of the recording blocks</p> <p>*SUBINDEX = 1 to 10 for ordering of utterance in a 10-utterance block.</p> <p>*COND = l or r, where l=> Lombard, p=> plain (i.e. non-Lombard)</p> <p>*UTTERANCE = 6-character Grid utterance code, e.g. 'pgag6a' which means 'place green at g 6 again'</p> <p>If a sentence is spoken incorrectly then the filename will be</p> <p>_WRONG.wav e.g. s8_2_38_8_r_lrwizp_WRONG_lrbizp.wav</p> <p>*TRANS = the Grid utterance code for what was actually said.</p>
Lombard speech database for German language
<p>This is a publication of Lombard speech database for German language. Additionally, a GitHub project has been created where information about database updates and related data will be stored:</p> <p>https://github.com/Telecommunication-Telemedia-Assessment/Lombard-Speech-database.git</p> <p>For citations please use:</p> <p>Sołoducha et al., "Lombard speech database for German Language", Proc. of German Annual Conference on Acoustics (DAGA), 2016</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Pham NQ, Barnes I, Chen S, Pham TQ, Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (2018) New species of Cylindrocladiella from plantation soils in South-East Asia. MycoKeys 32: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23754
Figure S4. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of ITS sequence alignments : Explanation note: Bootstrap value ≥ 60 % for maximum parsimony (MP) and ML analyses are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 60 % are marked with "*" and absent are marked with "–". Isolates representing ex–type material are marked with "T" and isolates collected in this study are highlighted in bold. Calonectria brachiatica (CMW 25307) and Calonectria pauciramosa (CMW 5683) represent the outgroups.
Supplementary material 1 from: Pham NQ, Barnes I, Chen S, Pham TQ, Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (2018) New species of Cylindrocladiella from plantation soils in South-East Asia. MycoKeys 32: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23754
Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of his3 sequence alignments : Explanation note: Bootstrap value ≥ 60 % for maximum parsimony (MP) and ML analyses are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 60 % are marked with "*" and absent are marked with "–". Isolates representing ex–type material are marked with "T" and isolates collected in this study are highlighted in bold. Calonectria brachiatica (CMW 25307) and Calonectria pauciramosa (CMW 5683) represent the outgroups.
Supplementary material 3 from: Pham NQ, Barnes I, Chen S, Pham TQ, Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (2018) New species of Cylindrocladiella from plantation soils in South-East Asia. MycoKeys 32: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23754
Figure S3. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of tub2 sequence alignments : Explanation note: Bootstrap value ≥ 60 % for maximum parsimony (MP) and ML analyses are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 60 % are marked with "*" and absent are marked with "–". Isolates representing ex–type material are marked with "T" and isolates collected in this study are highlighted in bold. Calonectria brachiatica (CMW 25307) and Calonectria pauciramosa (CMW 5683) represent the outgroups.
Supplementary material 2 from: Pham NQ, Barnes I, Chen S, Pham TQ, Lombard L, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (2018) New species of Cylindrocladiella from plantation soils in South-East Asia. MycoKeys 32: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.32.23754
Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of tef1 sequence alignments : Explanation note: Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of tef1 sequence alignments. Bootstrap value ≥ 60 % for maximum parsimony (MP) and ML analyses are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 60% are marked with "*" and absent are marked with "–". Isolates representing ex–type material are marked with "T" and isolates collected in this study are highlighted in bold. Calonectria brachiatica (CMW 25307) and Calonectria pauciramosa (CMW 5683) represent the outgroups.
Data from: Vocal plasticity in mallards: multiple signal changes in noise and the evolution of the Lombard effect in birds
Signal plasticity is a building block of complex animal communication systems. A particular form of signal plasticity is the Lombard effect, in which a signaler increases its vocal amplitude in response to an increase in the background noise. The Lombard effect is a basic mechanism for communication in noise that is well-studied in human speech and which has also been reported in other mammals and several bird species. Sometimes, but not always, the Lombard effect is accompanied by additional changes in signal parameters. However, the evolution of the Lombard effect and other related vocal adjustments in birds are still unclear because so far only three major avian clades have been studied. We report the first evidence for the Lombard effect in an anseriform bird, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In association with the Lombard effect, the fifteen ducklings in our experiment also increased the peak frequency of their calls in noise. However, they did not change the duration of call syllables or their call rates as has been found in other bird species. Our findings support the notion that all extant birds use the Lombard effect to solve the common problem of maintaining communication in noise, i.e. it is an ancestral trait shared among all living avian taxa, which means that it has evolved more than 70 million years ago within that group. At the same time, our data suggest that parameter changes associated with the Lombard effect follow more complex patterns, with marked differences between taxa, some of which might be related to proximate constraints..
Supplementary material 1 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Azooxanthellate Scleractinia ( Cnidaria _ Anthozoa ) from South Africa
Supplementary material 2 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Accompanying maps
Figure 9 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 9 - A, B Dendrophyllia sp. 1 (SAMC_A090158, off Knysna, 333 m A close-up calicular view B lateral view C, G Ednapsammia columnapriva sp. nov. C, D (SAM_H1441, off Mossel Bay, 212 m) C calicular view D lateral view E-G (SAMC_A090159, off Gouritsmond, 333 m) E calicular view F lateral view G calicular view H Enallopsammia pusilla (DSCS-INV238, off Gouritsmond, 333 m): lateral view. I, J Enallopsammia rostrata (SAMC_A073270, off Port St Johns, 200 m) I close up calicular view J lateral view K, L Endopachys grayi (DEFF_NANSEN-INV 32, off Shaka's Rock, 185 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Endopsammia philippensis (DIIIb1, off Durban, 442 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Heteropsammia cochlea (EIe1, locality data unknown) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–C, E–I, K–P); 100 mm (D, J).
Figure 8 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 8 - A, B Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) diffusa A (USNM 91782, off Port St. Johns, 138 m) calicular view B (USNM 91780, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) calicular view C, D Balanophyllia ( Balanophyllia ) sp. cf. malouinensis C (SAM_H3069, off East London, 146–238 m) calicular view D (SAM_H3068, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) lateral view E, F Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) stimpsonii (SAM_H3831, off Cape Point, 97–99 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Dendrophyllia arbuscula (SAMC_A073119, off Cape Vidal, 65–70 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Dendrophyllia cladonia I (SAM_H1445, off Plettenberg Bay, 146 m) calicular view J (SAM_ H2833, off Gonubie, 155 m) lateral view K, L Dendrophyllia cornigera K (USNM 91827, off Durban, 232 m) calicular view L (SAM_ H3841, off Pringle Bay, depth unknown) lateral view M, N Dendrophyllia dilatata (SAMC_A073016, off Richards Bay, 500 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Dendrophyllia ijimai O (USNM 91844, off Shaka's Rock, 68–70 m) calicular view P (SAMC_A090121, off Port Dunford, 85 m) lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–I, K, M, O); 100 mm (J, L, N, P).
Figure 6 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 6 - A, B Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 1 (SAM_H1449, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 2 C, D (SAM_H1388, East London, 90 m) C calicular view C lateral view E, F (SAM_H1407, off Mosselbaai, 192 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, L Trochocyathus ( Trochocyathus ) sp. cf. rawsonii sensu Cairns & Keller, 1993 G, J (SAM_H1440, off East London, 90 m) G calicular view H lateral view I calicular view J lateral view. 1993 K, L (SAMC_A090156, off Sedgefield, 74 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 3 M, N (SAM_H3124, off East London, 90 m) O calicular view P lateral view O, P (BMNH 1939.7.20.47, off Richards Bay, 165 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 7 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 7 - A, D Vaughanella concinna A, B (MN_SM134, off Port Edward, 900 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D (SAMC_A072973, locality data unknown, 517 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Deltocyathus rotulus (USNM 91550, off Scottburgh, 1360 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Atlantia denticulata sp. nov. (SAMC_A090157, off Gouritsmond, 170 m) G close-up of corallites H full view I, J Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) bonaespei (USNM 1423303, off the Agulhas, 32 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, N Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) capensis K, M (SAM_H3048, off Cape Point, depth unknown) calicular view L, N (BMNH_ 1939.7.20.479-500, locality data unknown) lateral view O, P Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) diademata (SAMC_A073016, off Richards Bay, 500 m) O calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–H, K–P); 100 mm (I, J).
Figure 5 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 5 - A, F Stephanocyathus (Acinocyathus) explanans : A, C (USNM 62500, off Durban, 183–220 m) Calicular view B basal view C lateral view D, F (SAMC_A090144, off Port St Johns, 96–98 m) D calicular view E basal view F lateral view G, I Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) campaniformis (SAM_H3178, off Coffee Bay, 1420 m) G calicular view H basal view I lateral view J, L Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) nobilis (SAM_H1697, off Groot Berg Estuary, 1050 m) J calicular view K basal view L lateral view M, N Tethocyathus virgatus (SAMC_A073180, off Mazeppa Bay, 240–250 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 1 (SAM_H1244, off East London, 59 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 4 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 4 - A, B Heterocyathus alternatus (ORI_DIIIe1_1, locality data unknown) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Heterocyathus monileseptatum sp. nov. (SAM_H1431, off Durban Harbour, 99 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Heterocyathus sulcatus (SAMC_A073123, off Shaka's Rock, 100–105 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Labyrinthocyathus delicatus (SAM_H2836, off East London, 146–238 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, K Monohedotrochus capensis comb.nov. I, J (SAMC_A088924, off Kidds Beach, 247–147m) I calicular view J lateral view K (SAM_H3210, off Scottburgh, 690 m) calicular view L, M Polycyathus sp. (USNM 91677, off Port Dunford, 69 m) L calicular view M full view N, O Rhizosmilia robusta (USNM 91689, off Kosi Bay Estuary, 74 m) N calicular view O lateral view P Solenosmilia variabilis (SAM_H3158, off Cintsa, 630 m) P full view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A–G, I–O); 100 mm (H, P).
Figure 3 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 3 - A, B Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) stellula (SAM_H1485, off Agulhas, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) valdiviae (SAM_H3108, off Durban, depth unknown) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Crispatotrochus cornu (UCT_NAD 17 F, off Isipingo, 49 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, J Desmophyllum dianthus G, H (SAMC_A077974, off Paternoster, 440 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J (BMNH.1939.7.20.218, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Desmophyllum pertusum (SAM_H1605, off Melkbosstrand, depth unknown) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Goniocorella dumosa (SAM_H3190, off Kidds Beach, 760 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Heterocyathus aequicostatus (SAMC_A073186, off Durban, 150 m) O calicular view P lateral view Scale bars: 10 mm (A–I, K–P);100 mm (J).
Figure 14 from: {"en": "Filander ZN, Kitahara MV, Cairns SD, Sink KJ, Lombard AT (2021) Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa. ZooKeys 1066: 1-198. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"}
Figure 14 - A, B. Letepsammia formosissima (SAM_H1429, off Kidds Beach, 79 m) A calicular view B basal view C, D Letepsammia franki (SAMC_A090070, off Durban, 95 m) C calicular view D basal view E, F Rhombopsammia niphada (SAM_H1390, off Port Alfred, 90 m) E calicular view F basal view G, H Stephanophyllia fungulus (SAMC_A073106, Cape Vidal, 140 m) G calicular view H basal view I Madrepora oculata (SAM_ H3038, off St Lucia, 825 m) full view J, L Culicia sp. cf. australiensis (SAMC_ A073032, off Shaka's Rock, 50 m) J calicular view K full view L septa details M, N Culicia excavata. M (UCTES_DBN85H, off Ispongo, depth unknown): full view N (BMNH 1840.09.30.19, Cape of Good Hope, depth unknown): Calicular view O, P Stenocyathus vermiformis (SAM_H3213, off Cintsa, 630 m) O calicular view P lateral view Scale bars: 10 mm (A–H, J–N); 100 mm (I); 2 mm (O, P).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.