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76 results for “Low income countries”
Data for: The circular economy potential of urban organic waste streams in low- and middle-income countries
<p>This dataset includes the research data and supporting information for the publication "The circular economy potential of urban organic waste streams in low- and middle-income countries" which was published in the Journal of Environment, Development and Sustainability (DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01487-w).</p> <p>This dataset and the associated publication are the basis upon which the REVAMP (Resource Value Mapping) tool has been developed. See more info about the REVAMP tool here: https://www.sei.org/revamp</p> <p> </p>
The multiomic landscape of epidemiological factors contributing to preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries
<p><span></span></p> <p><span></span></p> <p><span>Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of death in children under five, yet comprehensive studies are hindered by its multiple complex etiologies. Epidemiological associations between PTB and maternal characteristics have been previously described. This work employed multiomic profiling and multivariate modeling to investigate the biological signatures of these characteristics. Maternal covariates were collected during pregnancy from 13,841 pregnant women across five sites. Plasma samples from 231 participants were analyzed to generate proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic datasets. Machine learning models showed robust performance for the prediction of PTB (AUROC=0.70), time-to-delivery (<em>r</em>=0.65), maternal age (<em>r</em>=0.59), gravidity (<em>r</em>=0.56), and BMI (<em>r</em>=0.81). Time-to-delivery biological correlates included fetal-associated proteins (e.g., ALPP, AFP, PGF) and immune proteins (e.g., PD-L1, CCL28, LIFR). Maternal age negatively correlated collagen COL9A1; gravidity with endothelial NOS and inflammatory chemokine CXCL13; and BMI with leptin and structural protein FABP4. These results provide an integrated view of epidemiological factors associated with PTB and identify biological signatures of clinical covariates impacting this disease. </span></p>
The multiomic landscape of epidemiological factors contributing to preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries
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Data from: Models of community-based primary care for epilepsy in low and middle income countries
Objective: To review systematically community-based primary care interventions for epilepsy in low and middle income countries to rationalize approaches and outcome parameters in relation to epilepsy care in these countries. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL and Web of Science was undertaken to identify trials and implementation of provision of anti-seizure medications, adherence reinforcement and/or healthcare provider or community education in community-based samples of epilepsy. Data on populations addressed, interventions and outcomes were extracted from eligible articles. Results: Twenty-four reports were identified, mostly care programs addressing active convulsive epilepsy. Phenobarbital has been used most frequently though other conventional antiseizure medications have also been used but none of the newer. Tolerability rates in these studies are high but overall, attrition is considerable. Other approaches have included updating primary health care providers, reinforcing treatment adherence in clinics and raising community awareness. The coverage of existing treatment gap in the community, epilepsy-related mortality and comorbidity burden are fleetingly addressed in these programs. Conclusions: The cost-free provision, mostly of phenobarbital has resulted in short-term seizure freedom in roughly half of the people with epilepsy in LMICs. Future programs should include a range of antiseizure medications. These should cover apart from seizure control and treatment adherence, primary healthcare provider education, raising community awareness and referral protocols for specialist care. The programs should ensure sustainability and impact assessment at a community level.
Data from: Building functional and sustainable pharmacovigilance systems - an analysis of pharmacovigilance development across high-, middle- and low-income countries
<p>Background</p> <p>Pharmacovigilance (PV) is an essential component of health systems. Functional PV systems protect and promote public health by supporting the safe and effective use of medicinal products through the prevention and mitigation of harm. With increased simultaneous introduction of innovative products in high-, middle- and low-income countries, e.g., COVID-19 vaccines, or solely in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), e.g., malaria vaccines, PV systems in LMIC must be able to detect safety signals and ensure adequate safety surveillance. This research aims to analyse the development of PV systems across high-, middle- and low-income countries and to carve out essential elements for implementing functional and sustainable PV systems in LMIC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A convergent parallel mixed-methods design, consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Qualitative research consisted of semi-structured interviews. To expand the breadth and range of the study, a quantitative survey was conducted, focusing on the same thematic questions as the semi-structured interviews.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twelve key informants from nine countries were interviewed and 52 respondents from 36 countries completed an online questionnaire. Four major themes consisting of 12 categories emerged from the data. Based on these, the following elements essential for building functional and sustainable pharmacovigilance systems in LMIC were identified: understanding the drivers of PV development; adequately resolving core system challenges; implementing an efficient organisational structure and procedures for PV; investing in activities beyond reporting of adverse drug reactions; identifying alternate sources of financing; having a national strategy with a vision and mission for PV; adequately leveraging the health system; and effectively integrating the pharmaceutical sector in the national PV system.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Findings from this research revealed progress in PV systems in LMIC in the last decade, though significant efforts are still needed to develop these systems to meet global standards. Developing the different areas emerging from this research, which necessitates implementing functional PV structures and processes, adequately leveraging the health system and effectively engaging the pharmaceutical sector, through the mechanisms proposed, would enable a comprehensive progression from basic to stable, functional and thus sustainable PV systems in LMIC.</p>
Randomised trials in maternal and perinatal health in low- and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2019: A systematic scoping review
<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify and map all trials in maternal health conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) over the 10-year period 2010-2019, to identify geographical and thematic trends, as well as compare to global causes of maternal death and pre-identified priority areas.</p> <p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic scoping review.</p> <p><strong>Primary and secondary outcome measures: </strong>Extracted data included location, study characteristics and whether trials corresponded to causes of mortality and identified research priority topics.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search identified 7,269 articles, 874 of which were included for analysis. Between 2010 and 2019, maternal health trials conducted in LMICs more than doubled (50 to 114). Trials were conducted in 61 countries – 231 trials (26.4%) were conducted in Iran. Only 225 trials (25.7%) were aligned with a cause of maternal mortality. Within these trials, pre-existing medical conditions, embolism, obstructed labour, and sepsis were all under-represented when compared with number of maternal deaths globally. Large numbers of studies were conducted on priority topics such as labour and delivery, obstetric haemorrhage, and antenatal care. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diabetes, and health systems and policy – despite being high-priority topics – had relatively few trials.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite trials conducted in LMICs increasing from 2010 to 2019, there were significant gaps in geographical distribution, alignment with causes of maternal mortality, and known research priority topics. The research gaps identified provide guidance and insight for future research conducted in low-resource settings.</p>
Data for: Improving routine childhood immunisation outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence gap map
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To support evidence-informed decision-making, we created an evidence gap map (EGM) to characterise the evidence base on the effectiveness of interventions in improving routine childhood immunisation outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We developed an intervention-outcome matrix with 38 interventions and 43 outcomes. We searched academic databases and grey literature sources for relevant impact evaluations (IEs) and systematic reviews (SRs). Search results were screened on title/abstract. Those included in the title/abstract were retrieved for a full review. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included and data were extracted for each included study. All screening and data extraction was done by two independent reviewers. We analysed these data to identify trends in the geographic distribution of evidence, the concentration of evidence across intervention and outcome categories, and attention to vulnerable populations in the literature.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 309 studies, comprising 226 completed IEs, 58 completed SRs, 24 ongoing IEs, and 1 ongoing SR. Evidence from IEs is heavily concentrated in a handful of countries in Sub- Saharan Africa and South Asia. Among interventions, the most frequently evaluated are those related to education and material incentives for caregivers or health workers. There are gaps in the study of non-material incentives and outreach to vulnerable populations. Among outcomes, those related to vaccine coverage and health are well covered. However, evidence on intermediate outcomes related to health system capacity or barriers faced by caregivers is much more limited.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is valuable evidence available to decision-makers for use in identifying and deploying effective strategies to increase routine immunisation in LMICs. However, additional research is needed to address gaps in the evidence base.</p>
Supporting information for: The Time Requirements for Primary Care Consultations: Initial Sick Child Visits in Low- and Middle-income Countries Using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Clinical Algorithm
<p>Few studies have examined the time required for primary care consultations; none have focused on sick child visits in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This project begins to fill that gap by providing evidence-based estimates of the time needed for initial visits with under-five infants and children at public or not-for-profit facilities in countries using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) clinical algorithm.</p> <p>Estimates of the mean expected duration of IMCI consultations require (a) classification profiles, i.e., tabulations of the gold standard health issues presented by patients less than 5 years old; (b) lists of the tasks included in applicable versions of the IMCI algorithm and the conditions that elicit them, and (c) an estimate of the time needed to perform tasks with no pre-defined minimum duration. The latter requires, in addition to classification profiles, information on rates of task performance and the mean observed duration of consultations.</p> <p>The IMCI clinical algorithm and the research surrounding it provide unusually rich sources of such information. Developed in the mid 1990s by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund, the IMCI algorithm seeks to reduce child mortality in LMICs by improving the technical quality of primary care services. For infants less than 2 months old, the algorithm focuses on bacterial infections, feeding problems, low weight, and, in some versions, jaundice. For children 2-59 months old, the foci include acute respiratory infections, especially pneumonia; diarrhea; fevers, especially malaria and measles; malnutrition, and anemia. Immunization status is a concern for both age groups. The algorithm provides a scheme to classify the health issues with which infants and children present, an array of tasks providers may be expected perform, and criteria by which tasks are elicited. Research on the design and utility of the algorithm, its effects on provider performance, and related topics furnishes data on the prevalence of gold standard IMCI classifications in a variety of patient populations. In some cases, it also enables one to calculate the time required to perform tasks.</p> <p>I found such information by searching MEDLINE, the database of the International Network for Rational Use of Medicines, the websites of the WHO and its regional offices, GOOGLE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR using search terms such as ‘Integrated Management of Childhood Illness’, ‘observational’, ‘prospective’, ‘classification’, ‘clinical signs’, ‘health facility survey’, and ‘validity’. I also reviewed studies that cited a qualified study and, conversely, material included in the bibliographies of qualified studies.</p> <p>The supplemental information files contain the following:</p> <p>WORKBOOK S1_STUDIES USED</p> <p>Lists features of, and sources for, the studies used to construct classification profiles and to estimate the time required to perform the average task with no predefined minimum duration. With 2 exceptions (see below, DATA S1 and DATA S2), all the studies have been published or are readily available on the internet. None of the data can be used to identify individuals.</p> <p>DATA S1_REPORT OF THE HEALTH FACILITY SURVEY IN BOTSWANA, 2007-08 and DATA S2_REPORT OF THE HEALTH FACILITY SURVEY IN TANZANIA, 2003</p> <p>PDF files of Health Facility Survey reports that were found on the internet but have since been taken down.</p> <p>DATA S3_BURKINA FASO CHART BOOKLET, 2015</p> <p>PDF provided <span>Drs. Sophie Sarrassat (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) and Serge M. A. Somda (Université Nazi BONI).</span></p> <p>WORKBOOK S2_CLASSIFICATION PROFILES: INFANTS; WORKBOOK S3_CLASSIFICATION PROFILES: CHILDREN IN UPPER MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES; WORKBOOK S4_CLASSIFICATION PROFILES: CHILDREN IN LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (I); WORKBOOK S5_CLASSIFICATION PROFILES: CHILDREN IN LOWER MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (II), and WORKBOOK S6_CLASSIFICATION PROFILES: CHILDREN IN LOW INCOME COUNTRIES </p> <p>The design of the worksheets in these workbooks is described in TEXT S1_NOTES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLASSIFICATION PROFILES (see below).</p> <p>WORKBOOK S7_IMCI CLINICAL TASKS</p> <p>Lists the clinical tasks provided by relevant IMCI algorithms for the care of infants and children. Consists of 6 worksheets covering mandatory tasks, conditional assessments, and treatment and counseling tasks for infants and children.</p> <p>WORKBOOK S8_MINUTES PER TASK WITH NO MINIMUM DURATION</p> <p>Provides estimate of the mean time required to perform a task with no minimum duration for each of 7 populations for which the required data are available, corrected, where necessary, for the effect of an observer on the rate and pace of task performance. Also provides a geometric mean for all 7 populations.</p> <p>TEXT S1_NOTES ON METHODOLOGY</p> <p>WORD document describing the steps involved in estimating the expected durations of consultations.</p> <p>TEXT S2_NOTES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLASSIFICATION PROFILES</p> <p>WORD document describing the steps involved in constructing each profile, problems encountered, and how they were solved.</p> <p>TEXT S3_NOTES ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF IMCI CLINICAL TASKS</p> <p>WORD document describing the standards used in identifying clinical tasks in IMCI algorithms.</p> <p>TEXT S4_NOTES ON THE ESTIMATION OF MINUTES PER TASK WITH NO MINIMUM DURATION</p> <p>WORD document describing the steps involved in estimating the mean time required to perform a task with no predefined minimum duration, problems encountered, and how they were solved.</p>
Primary-level worker interventions for the care of mental disorders and distress in low- and middle-income countries - GRADE evidence profiles
<p>This file includes all GRADE evidence profiles for the following Cochrane review:</p> <p>van Ginneken N, Chin WY, Lim YC, Ussif A, Singh R, Shahmalak U, Purgato M, Rojas-García A, Uphoff E, McMullen S, Foss HS, Thapa Pachya A, Rashidian L, Borghesani A, Henschke N, Chong L-Y, Lewin S. Primary-level worker interventions for the care of mental disorders and distress in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In press</p>
Investigating the cultural and contextual determinants of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across low-, middle- and high-income countries – a qualitative study
<p>An animation summarising the key findings from a qualitative study conducted as part of a PhD study across England, France, Norway, India and Burkina Faso investigating the influence of culture and team dynamics on the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Fifty-four healthcare professionals across 24 hospitals, all of whom had a role in the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship were interviewed to investigate the challenges to implementing interventions across different healthcare settings. </p>
Scaling up gas and electric cooking in low- and middle-income countries: Climate threat or mitigation strategy with co-benefits?
<p>Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook's "Stated Policies" Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from Household Air Pollution.</p>
An Assessment of Medication Errors among Pediatric Patients in Three Hospitals in Freetown Sierra Leone: Findings and Implications for a Low-Income Country
<p> </p><p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Pediatric patients are prone to medicine-related problems like medication errors (MEs), which can potentially cause harm. Yet, this has not been studied in this population in Sierra Leone. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and nature of MEs, including potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in pediatric patients in three hospitals in Freetown, Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in three Hospitals among pediatric patients in Freetown and consisted of two phases. Phase one was a cross-sectional retrospective review of prescriptions for completeness and accuracy against standard prescription writing guidelines. Phase two was a point prevalence inpatient chart review of MEs that were categorized into prescription, administration, and dispensing errors and pDDIs. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentages, median, and interquartile range. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the prescription accuracy between the hospitals, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In phase one<strong>, </strong>while no prescription attained the global accuracy score (GAS) gold standard of 100%, 106 (29.0%) achieved the 80-100% mark. The patient 63 (17.2%), treatment 228 (62.3%), and prescriber 33 (9.0%) identifiers achieved an overall GAS range of 80-100%. Although the total GAS was not statistically significant (p=0.065), the date (p=0.041), patient (p=<0.001), treatment (p=0.022), and prescriber (p=<0.001) identifiers were statistically significant across the different hospitals. For phase two, the prevalence of MEs was 74 (56.1%), while that for pDDIs was 54 (40.9%). There was a statistically positive correlation between the occurrence of pDDI and the number of medicines prescribed (r=0.211, P=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low GAS depicts poor compliance with prescription writing guidelines and high prescribing errors. Medication errors were observed at each phase of the medication use cycle, while clinically significant pDDIs were also reported. Thus, there is a need for training on prescription writing guidelines and medication errors.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pediatrics, Prescription, Medication errors, Drug-drug interactions, Sierra Leone</p>
Antibiotic Prophlaxis for High-risk Laboring Women in Low Income Countries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03248297. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Preventing Depression in Late Life: A Model for Low and Middle Income Countries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02145429. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Building functional and sustainable pharmacovigilance systems - an analysis of pharmacovigilance development across high-, middle- and low-income countries
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Data for: Improving routine childhood immunisation outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence gap map
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Data from: Models of community-based primary care for epilepsy in low and middle income countries
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Data from: Spatial variation in housing construction material in low- and middle-income countries
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Randomised trials in maternal and perinatal health in low- and middle-income countries from 2010 to 2019: A systematic scoping review
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Scaling up gas and electric cooking in low- and middle-income countries: Climate threat or mitigation strategy with co-benefits?
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.