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9 results for “Lyrurus tetrix”
Supplementary material for "Long-term trends of reproductive success of black grouse Lyrurus tetrix in the southern Swiss Alps in relation to changes in climate and land use"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Breeding success of an Alpine black grouse <em>Lyrurus tetrix</em> population in southern Switzerland was monitored from 1981 to 2020. This long-term dataset allows exploring relationships of reproductive rates with climate and habitat, which have shown marked changes during this period. Over the 40 years, the average elevation of black grouse breeding sites increased by around 100 m in Central/Southern Ticino but showed only a slight increase in Northern Ticino, where black grouse occur at higher elevations. Average reproductive rates in Northern Ticino remained constant throughout the study period but declined in Central/Southern Ticino. Relationships between reproductive success and weather as well as habitat variables were analysed with a multiple regression model. Temperature during the early chick-rearing phase and the time of egg-laying was positively correlated with reproductive rate. Correlations between reproductive rates and precipitation were less clear, and only small proportions of the variance in reproductive rates could be explained by precipitation. Brush forest explained the greatest amount of variation in reproductive rate (6.2%). Forest, alpine agricultural areas, and unproductive vegetation all showed a positive relationship with reproductive rate, but the proportion of the variance explained was small. Year (5.1%) and its interaction with region (2.3%) explained considerable amounts of the variance. While in Northern Ticino reproductive success did not show a negative trend when correcting for weather and habitat changes, there remained a negative trend over the years in Central/Southern Ticino. Despite the positive correlations of reproductive rate with temperature, increasing temperatures do not appear to have improved reproductive success, likely as a result of habitat changes that forced black grouse towards higher elevations. Changes in reproductive success were limited to the southern region, indicating deteriorating conditions at the edge of the distribution range.</p> <p> </p>
Data and R scripts for: Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
<p>While intensive hunting activities, such as commercial fishing and trophy hunting, can have profound influences on natural populations, less intensive recreational hunting can also have more subtle effects on animal behaviour, habitat use and movement, with implications for population persistence. Lekking species such as the black grouse (<em>Lyrurus</em> <em>tetrix</em>) may be especially prone to hunting as leks are temporally and spatially predictable, making them easy targets. Furthermore, inbreeding in black grouse is mainly avoided through female-biased dispersal, so any disruptions to dispersal caused by hunting could lead to changes in gene flow, leading to an increasing risk of inbreeding. We therefore investigated the impact of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal on a metapopulation of black grouse in Central Finland. We genotyped 1,065 adult males and 813 adult females from twelve lekking sites (six hunted, six unhunted) and 200 unrelated chicks from seven sites (two hunted, five unhunted) at up to thirteen microsatellite loci. Our initial confirmatory analysis of sex-specific fine-scale population structure revealed little genetic structure in the metapopulation. Levels of inbreeding did not differ significantly between hunted and unhunted sites in both adults and chicks. However, immigration rates into hunted sites were significantly higher among adults compared to immigration into unhunted sites. We conclude that the influx of migrants into hunted sites may compensate for the loss of harvested individuals, thereby increasing gene flow and mitigating inbreeding. Given the absence of any obvious potential barriers to gene flow in Central Finland, a spatially heterogeneous matrix of hunted and unhunted regions may be crucial to ensure sustainable harvests into the future.</p>
Data and R scripts for: Effects of hunting on genetic diversity, inbreeding and dispersal in Finnish black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
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Supplementary material for "Chick survival and hunting are important drivers for the dynamics of two Alpine black grouse Lyrurus tetrix populations"
<p>Data files, code for all analyses, and an Appendix (with additional figures and tables). The six data files are provided in csv format (Summer counts.csv, TrackingDataSurvival.csv, Occasions.csv, TrackingDataProductivity.csv, SexRatioData.csv, MeteoData.csv). The code file (BlackGrouseCode.txt) is a space delineated text file. The code file is written for R, but some models are run in JAGS from R. The code file also contains the description of the data files, code for data management, code for figures and additional analyses. The Appendix (appendix.pdf) is a pdf.</p> <p><strong>Abstract of the article</strong></p> <p>Alpine black grouse populations are generally declining, but the underlying demographic drivers are largely unknown. We studied the dynamics of two adjacent black grouse populations over a 20 years period in the Italian Alps that differ in hunting pressure to identify the main demographic process affecting these populations and to study the impact of hunting on males. We collected radio-tracking data and conducted population surveys in spring to count displaying cocks and in late summer to determine the breeding success by means of pointing dogs. These different data sets were jointly analysed using a seasonal integrated population model to estimate population sizes and various demographic rates. The two populations fluctuated in size and the number of males from one population increased after hunting intensity was reduced. The main demographic rates did not differ between the populations. Adult survival was relatively low and productivity was high, so the life history shows the feature of a fast turnover species. In both populations, the variability of survival from hatching to the age of five weeks (chick survival) contributed more to the variation of the population growth rates than the variability of survival in later life-history stages, and the former was positively affected by ambient temperatures in July, favouring chick survival. The adult sex ratio of the population where males hunting occurred was shifted towards females, but it evened over time with the reduction of hunting pressure. The adult sex ratio in the population without hunting and the chick sex ratios in both populations were even, suggesting that hunting acted as a mostly additive source of mortality.</p>
Helminth gut parasites of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in northern England, their impact on productivity and possible sources of infection
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Data from: Age, condition and dominance-related sexual ornament size before and during the breeding season in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix
Male ornaments function as honest cues of male quality in many species and are subject to intra- and intersexual selection. These ornaments are generally studied during peak expression, however their size outside the breeding season may determine ultimate ornament size and costliness, and as such reproductive success. We investigated whether male black grouse Lyrurus tetrix eye comb size was related to age, condition and measures of male dominance before and during the breeding season. Total combined eye comb size began to increase ~70 days before the start of the breeding season. Adult males (aged ≥ 2 years old) had consistently larger eye combs than younger males (1 year old) both before and during the breeding season. Heavier and more dominant adult males (attending the lek more frequently and successfully reproducing) had larger eye combs. For younger males, those that were heavier had larger eye combs. Additionally, males that spent more time on the lek showed increased eye comb size as the breeding season approached. Overall we find that ornament size is positively related to dominance and condition before and during the breeding season. Since dominance is accrued through year-round interactions in many species, the ability to maintain larger signals over prolonged periods,
Data from: Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
Individuals' reproductive success is often strongly associated with their age, with typical patterns of early-life reproductive improvement and late-life senescence. These age-related patterns are due to the inherent trade-offs between life-history traits competing for a limited amount of resources available to the organisms. In males, such trade-offs are exacerbated by the resource requirements associated with the expression of costly sexual traits, leading to dynamic changes in trait expression throughout their life span. Due to the age dependency of male phenotypes, the relationship between the expression of male traits and mating success can also vary with male age. Hence, using longitudinal data in a lekking species with strong sexual selection – the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix – we quantified the effects of age, life span and age of first lek attendance (AFL) on male annual mating success (AMS) to separate the effects of within-individual improvement and senescence on AMS from selective (dis)appearance of certain phenotypes. Then, we used male AMS to quantify univariate and multivariate sexual selection gradients on male morphological and behavioural traits with and without accounting for age and age-related effects of other traits. Male AMS increased with age, and there was no significant reproductive senescence. Most males never copulated, and of the ones that did, the majority had only one successful year. Life span was unrelated to AMS, but early AFL tended to lead to higher AMS at ages 1–3. AMS was related to most morphological and behavioural traits when male age was ignored. Accounting for age and age-specific trait effects (i.e. the interaction between a trait and age) reduced the magnitude of the selection gradients and revealed that behavioural traits are under consistent sexual selection, while sexual selection on morphological traits is stronger in old males. Therefore, sexual selection in black grouse operates primarily on male behaviour and morphological traits may act as additional cues to supplement female choice. These results demonstrate the multifaceted influence of age on both fitness and sexual traits and highlight the importance of accounting for such effects when quantifying sexual selection.
Data from: Simultaneous age-dependent and age-independent sexual selection in the lekking black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix)
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Data from: Age, condition and dominance-related sexual ornament size before and during the breeding season in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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