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11 results for “Macrocystis pyrifera (Giant kelp)”
SBC LTER: Reef: Historical Kelp Database for giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass in California and Mexico
ISP Alginates (formerly Kelco Co.) has collected information on the abundance of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in California and Mexico from routine aerial surveys since 1957. The standard protocol consists of an observer visually estimating the amount of harvestable giant kelp biomass within designated kelp beds from a small fixed-wing aircraft. Observations were recorded on paper data sheets in the field and archived in notebooks housed at ISP Alginates. With cooperation from ISP Alginates, the SBCLTER converted ISP Alginates long-term records of giant kelp biomass into a digital format. The database consists of a data table containing kelp biomass, a catalog of maps. The format ISP Alginates used to report kelp abundance data changed periodically over the course of the collecting period. These details, pus descriptions of designated kelp beds are described in the protocol document.
SBC LTER: Reef: Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Abundance and size of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera), ongoing since 2000
These data describe the abundance of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, and are part of the SBCLTER kelp forest monitoring program. The study was initiated in 2000, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA, and this dataset is updated once per year. The number and size (number of fronds and diameter of holdfasts) of plants were recorded along permanent transects at nine reef sites located along the mainland coast of the Santa Barbara Channel and at two sites on the north side Santa Cruz Island. These sites reflect several oceanographic regimes in the channel and vary in distance from sources of terrestrial runoff. The time period of data collection varied among the 11 kelp forest sites. Sampling at BULL, CARP, and NAPL began in 2000, sampling at the other 6 mainland sites (AHND, AQUE, IVEE, GOLB, ABUR, MOHK) began in 2001 (transects 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 at IVEE were added in 2011). Data collection at the two Santa Cruz Island sites (SCTW and SCDI) began in 2004. See Methods for more information.
SBC LTER: Santa Cruz Island: Abundance of giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
These data describe the abundance of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, at Santa Cruz Island (north shore), Santa Barbara Channel, California. The number of Macrocystis fronds were recorded along permanent transects at 11 sites, and sampling is designed to complement both the SBC LTER Reef Kelp Forest Community Survey study and other long-term data from Santa Cruz Island. Sampling began in 2011, and this dataset is updated annually.
SBC LTER: Reef: Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera
These data were published as a technical note: Alberto, F., A. C. Whitmer, N. C. Coelho, M. Zippay, E. Varela-Alvarez, P. T. Raimondi, D. C. Reed and E. A. Serrão. 2009. Microsatellite markers for the giant kelp Macroystis pyrifera. Conservation Genetics. 10:1915-1917 doi: 10.1007/s10592-009-9853-9 Abstract: We report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Markers were obtained by screening a genomic library enriched for microsatellite motifs. Of the 37 primer pairs defined, 16 amplified clean polymorphic microsatellites and are described. These loci identified a number of alleles ranging from three to forty (mean= 16.5, and gene diversity ranging from 0.469 to 0.930 (mean= 0.774). The isolation and characterization of these highly polymorphic markers will greatly benefit much needed studies on the molecular ecology of this important macroalga. These data report the isolation and characterization of 16 microsatellite loci to study the population genetics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. 180 samples of blade tissue were collected at Carpinteria Reef, Santa Barbara Channel, CA (USA) in July 2006. Sequence data are available from GenBank. These data were published as a Technical Note in the journal Conservation Genetics in 2009.
SBC LTER: Reef: Geospatial structure of microsatellite markers for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, Santa Barbara CA, 2009
Data package includes data and R code for the examination of geospatial genetic structure (SGS) and simulation of inbreeding in giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) from the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Data are reported for microsatellite markers from individual giant kelp plants from Carpinteria Reef, Mohawk Reef and Goleta Bay, collected during September 2009. Relative X and Y coordinates (meters) were recorded for each specimen sampled. R code consists of two scripts, a) to calculate mean number of alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosity, and b) to simulate self-fertilization and sibling/cousin relationships. These data were presented in: Johansson, Mattias L, Raimondi, Peter T, Reed, Daniel C, Coelho, Nelson C, Serrão, Ester A, Alberto, Filipe A. In press. Looking into the black box: simulating the role of self-fertilization and mortality in the genetic structure of Macrocystis pyrifera. Molecular Ecology, 22:4842–4854. These data are also available from: Johansson ML, Raimondi PT, Reed DC, Coelho NC, Serrão EA, Alberto FA (2013) Data from: Looking into the black box: simulating the role of self-fertilization and mortality in the genetic structure of Macrocystis pyrifera. Dryad Digital Repository. doi:10.5061/dryad.s1b07.
SBC LTER: Kelp blade characteristics to support turnover dynamics of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera in the Santa Barbara Channel
These data describe the age-specific changes in the size and related traits of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blades in the Santa Barbara Channel (Isla Vista Reef) during the spring and summer of 2012-2013. Data are contained in three tables: 1) a time series of change in blade size with age due to growth and senescence for blades growing at different depths and locations in the kelp forest, 2) physical traits of blades (biomass density, nitrogen, chlorophyll a) of different ages collected at different depths and locations in the kelp forest, and 3) photosynthetic performance (Pmax, alpha) of blades of different ages collected at different depths and locations in the kelp forest. These data were used to test whether spatial variation in the turnover dynamics of giant kelp blades could be could be explained by leaf life span theory developed for higher plants. The data were also used in a mathematical model of frond growth and senescence to investigate the relative and absolute magnitude of blade senescence in a kelp forest, and to examine how these losses were affected by light availability. Analyses using these data were published in Rodriguez, G. E. 2014. Turnover dynamics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara. ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing, 2014. 3682967.
SBC LTER: Spatial definitions of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) patches in southern and central California
These data describe the spatial definitions of patches of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in central and southern California, USA, using a 27-year time series of giant kelp canopy biomass from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery (1984-2011). Giant kelp patches were delineated using a spatial synchrony-based method that avoids the consolidation of adjacent, independently fluctuating local populations into "megapatches". The method uses a network theory modularity approach to optimally cluster Landsat pixels into patches based on suitable habitat area (i.e., all areas containing giant kelp, 1984-2011) and the spatial synchrony of canopy biomass. These data were described in Cavanaugh, K. C., D. A. Siegel, P. T. Raimondi, and F. A. Alberto. 2014. Patch definition in metapopulation analysis: a graph theory approach to solve the mega-patch problem. Ecology 95:316-328. doi:10.1890/13-0221.1
SBC LTER: REEF: Exudation of dissolved organic carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
We estimated rates of DOC exudation by Macrocystis pyrifera using short-term (2-4 hours) in situ incubations of entire blades and portions of stipes in the kelp forest at Mohawk Reef near Santa Barbara, California, USA (34o 23.660’ N, 119o 43.800’ W). Incubations of blades were conducted within 2 m of the sea surface at midday on eight dates between October 2007 and August 2011 to investigate the effects of blade growth stage, nutrient status (as indicated by C:N ratio determined using an Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN/O/S elemental analyzer), epiphyte load, sea surface irradiance, and sea surface temperature on rates of DOC release from intact blades.
SBC LTER: REEF: Frond Lifespans of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
These data describe the demography of 109 cohorts of giant kelp fronds on 194 tagged plants (1007 total fronds surveyed). Cohorts of fronds on tagged plants were followed monthly in three kelp forests near Santa Barbara, CA from April 2002 to June 2005. These data are useful for determining frond birth rates, death rates, lifespan and age structure.
A species distribution model of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: Worldwide changes and a focus on the Southeast Pacific
<p>Worldwide climate-driven shifts in the distribution of species is of special concern when it involves habitat-forming species. In the coastal environment, large Laminarian algae—kelps—form key coastal ecosystems that support complex and diverse food webs. Among kelps, <em>Macrocystis pyrifera</em> is the most widely distributed habitat-formingspecies and provides essential ecosystem services. This study aimed to establish the main drivers of future distributional changes on a global scale and use them to predict future habitat suitability. Using species distribution models (SDM), we examined the changes in global distribution of <em>M. pyrifera</em> under different emission scenarios with a focus on the Southeast Pacific shores. To constrain the drivers of our simulations to the most important factors controlling kelp forest distribution across spatial scales, we explored a suite of environmental variables and validated the predictions derived from the SDMs. Minimum sea surface temperature was the single most important variable explaining the global distribution of suitable habitat for <em>M. pyrifera</em>. Under different climate change scenarios, we always observed a decrease of suitable habitat at low latitudes, while an increase was detected in other regions, mostly at high latitudes. Along the Southeast Pacific, we observed an upper range contraction of −17.08° S of latitude for 2090–2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario, implying a loss of habitat suitability throughout the coast of Peru and poleward to −27.83° S in Chile. Along the area of Northern Chile where a complete habitat loss is predicted by our model, natural stands are under heavy exploitation. The loss of habitat suitability will take place worldwide: Significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are likely. Furthermore, changes in habitat suitability are a harbinger of massive impacts in the socio-ecological systems of the Southeast Pacific.</p>
A species distribution model of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: Worldwide changes and a focus on the Southeast Pacific
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