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87 results for “Magpie”
Heritability of cognitive performance in wild Western Australian magpies
<p>Individual differences in cognitive performance can have genetic, social and environmental components. Most research on the heritability of cognitive traits comes from humans or captive non-human animals, whilst less attention has been given to wild populations. Western Australian magpies (<em>Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis</em>, hereafter magpies) show phenotypic variation in cognitive performance, which affects reproductive success. Despite high levels of individual repeatability, we do not know whether cognitive performance is heritable in this species. Here, we quantify broad-sense heritability of associative learning ability in a wild population of Western Australian magpies. Specifically, we explore whether offspring associative learning performance is predicted by maternal associative learning performance, or by the social environment (group size) when tested at three time points during the first year of life. We found no significant relationship between maternal and offspring associative learning performance, with an estimated broad-sense heritability of just -0.004 ± 0.024 (CI: -0.050/0.044). However, complementing previous findings, we find that at 300 days post-fledging, individuals raised in larger groups passed the test in fewer trials compared to individuals from small groups. Our results highlight the pivotal influence of the social environment on cognitive development.</p>
Data from: Aggressive interactions influence cognitive performance in Western Australian magpies
<p>Extensive research has investigated the relationship between the social environment and cognition, suggesting that social complexity may drive cognitive evolution and development. However, evidence for this relationship remains equivocal. Group size is often used as a measure of social complexity, but this may not capture intraspecific variation in social interactions. Social network analysis can provide insight into the cognitively demanding challenges associated with group-living at the individual-level. Here, we use social networks to investigate whether the cognitive performance of wild Western Australian magpies (<em>Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis</em>) is related to group size and individual social connectedness. We quantified social connectedness using four interaction types: proximity, affiliative, agonistic, and vocal. Consistent with previous research on this species, individuals in larger groups performed better on an associative learning task. However, social network position was also related to cognitive performance. Individuals receiving aggressive interactions performed better, while those involved in aggressive interactions with more group members performed worse. Overall, this suggests that cognitive performance is related to specific types of social interaction. The findings from this study highlight the value of considering fine-grained metrics of sociality that capture the challenges associated with social life when testing the relationship between the social environment and cognition.</p>
LPJmL5 agricultural system simulations for use in MAgPIE for ISIMIP3 scenarios
<p>This data set contains output data from simulations with the model LPJmL version 5 for further use in the MAgPIE model. Simulations are based on the ISIMIP3a/b climate input data, assuming no nitrogen limitations and no water limitations in irrigated systems. No natural vegetation is considered here, simulations are for agricultural systems (cropland, managed grassland). Geospatial information in files <code>grid.clm</code>, data processing is recommended using <a href="https://github.com/PIK-LPJmL/lpjmlkit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">lpjmlkit</a>.</p> <p>The first version was buggy and could not be unpacked properly. The second version (v2) is identical from the content but the file can be processed. </p>
Fig. 11 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 11 Rates of chatter calls in different magpie populations and individuals. a Each mark represents average chattering rate for a single bird from five populations indicated by colours. Figures are numbers for the outliers: 1, 2—jankowskii from the mixed population of Argun'; 3, 4, 5—hybrid birds from the hybridogeneous population of Kerulen. b Each mark represents average chattering rate for a series of chatterings of one selected individual representing jankowskii, leucoptera, and hybrid birds, respectively. Green mark—pair #6 jankowskii from Vladivostok; gray—pair #43 leucoptera from Tsasuchei, Transbaikalia; blue—pair #24 hybrids from Kerulen, eastern Mongolia. X-axis—number of elements per second in a total series of chattering; Y-axis— number of elements per second in a series of 5 elements of chattering
Fig. 12 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 12 Violin plot diagram of the chatter call speed (elements per second) of Eurasian magpie populations across regions. X-axis presents a set of populations; Y-axis—elements per second. Box outlines the interquantile range (25%, 75%), whiskers represent range without outliers, central bar is the median, red dot is the mean, and figure shape is the probability density. The brackets on the top denote statistically significant pairwise differences (GamesHowell test, p<0.05)
Fig. 9 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 9 Population genetic structure based on unlinked SNP markers. Scatter plots of principal component analysis (PCA) show individual variation in components one and two (a) and three and four (b). The amount of variance explained by each PC is shown in parentheses. I—leucoptera,
Fig. 7 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 7 Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) for effective female population sizes for haplogroups, subspecies, and populations of Pica pica. a Comparison of 6 haplogroups, depicted in the network Fig. 4. b Comparison of 6 subspecies. c Comparison of 4 populations of P. p. jankowskii. d Comparison of 3 populations of P. p. leucoptera.
Fig. 6 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 6 Mismatch distribution of nucleotide differences in populations representing different haplogroups as at Figs. 4 and 5. X-axis— number of nucleotide differences; Y-axis—proportion (frequency). Solid lines—expected distributions (under expectation of population growth); dashed lines—observed distributions. a Haplogroup 1:
Fig. 5 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 5 Time-calibrated Bayesian tree based on mitochondrial control region sequences of Pica pica. Numbers at the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probability values (left) and bootstrap values of the ML analysis (right, in percent). Triangle widths are proportional to specimen numbers. Blue bars next to nodes indicate 95% credibility intervals for their age estimates. The figures in bold and the time scale below are in million years (Ma) before present
Fig. 4 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic medianjoining network based on 256 mitochondrial control region sequences. Sizes of circles correspond to the number of birds sharing this haplotype; branch lengths are proportional to the number of substitutions and those over 2 are shown at the branches. Haplogroups 1–6 are indicated by numbers
Fig. 2 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 2 Map of sampling localities for mitochondrial DNA analysis in the zone of contact between Pica pica leucoptera and Pica pica jankowskii. Distribution of haplotypes is indicated by colours: Pica
Figure 4 in Modeling habitat suitability and current distribution of the Maghreb magpie (Pica mauritanica)
Figure 4. (A) Current distribution of the Maghreb magpie in North Africa, (B) binary map of habitat suitability with a threshold> 0.6.
Figure 6 in Modeling habitat suitability and current distribution of the Maghreb magpie (Pica mauritanica)
Figure 6. Response curves of the explanatory variables included in the species distribution model (SDM) for Pica mauritanica. (MTWQ: mean temperature of wettest quarter).
Figure 5 in Modeling habitat suitability and current distribution of the Maghreb magpie (Pica mauritanica)
Figure 5. Two-dimensional plots of Pica mauritanica niche hypervolume with the most influential variables.
Figure 10 in Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Psoroptidia) from the Oriental Magpie-Robin,Copsychus saularis (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae)
Figure 10 Trouessartia saularisn. sp., female: A – D details of legs, dorsal view: A – leg I, B – leg II, C – leg III, D – leg IV; E – spermatheca and spermaducts; Abbreviations: cs – collar of spermatheca, hs – head of spermatheca, pd – primary spermaduct, sd – secondary spermaduct, st – spermatheca.
Figure 7 in Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Psoroptidia) from the Oriental Magpie-Robin,Copsychus saularis (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae)
Figure 7 Trouessartia saularisn. sp., male: A – D details of legs, dorsal view: A – leg I, B – leg II, C – leg III, D – leg IV; E – ventral view of male genital apparatus; Abbreviations: bs – basal sclerite, ea – epiandrum, gp – genital papillae, is – intermedial sclerite, lg – latigenital apodemes, pm – parameres.
Figure 4 in Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Psoroptidia) from the Oriental Magpie-Robin,Copsychus saularis (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae)
Figure 4 Dolichodectes latilobusn. sp., female: A – D details of legs, dorsal view, A – leg I, B – leg II, C – leg III, D – leg IV; E – spermatheca; Abbreviations: hs – head of spermatheca, pd – primary spermaduct, sd – secondary spermaduct, co – copulatory opening.
Figure 2 in Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Psoroptidia) from the Oriental Magpie-Robin,Copsychus saularis (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae)
Figure 2 Dolichodectes latilobusn. sp., male: A – D details of legs, dorsal view, A – leg I, B – leg II, C – leg III, D – leg IV; E – details of opisthosoma.
MAgPIE v4.3.x model run outputs including dynamic forestry sector
<p>Archive of runs produced for the forestry paper using MAgPIE 4.3.1+</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/magpiemodel/magpie">Model Code</a></p> <p><a href="https://rse.pik-potsdam.de/doc/magpie/4.3/index.htm">Model documentation</a></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/magpiemodel/tutorials">Model tutorials</a></p>
Heritability of cognitive performance in wild Western Australian magpies
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