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Fig. 5 in Female remating inhibition and fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with male accessory glands

Fig. 5. Fecundities of Bactrocera dorsalis females of various mating statuses. A. Lifetime mean number (± S.E.) of eggs laid per female, and B. Mean oviposition rates per week of Bactrocera dorsalis females of various mating statuses. G1, virgin females housed alone (n = 30); G2, females mated once (n = 26); G3, females mated twice with different virgin males (n = 32); G4, females mated with males that had mated on the previous day (n = 29); G5, females housed with males at a sex ratio of 1: 1 (n = 23); G6, females housed with males at a sex ratio of 1♀: 23 (n = 24). Different letters indicate significant differences.

Fig. 1 in Female remating inhibition and fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with male accessory glands

Fig. 1. Male accessory glands of Bactrocera dorsalis. One pair of long tube mesodermal accessory glands (MAG) and 3 pairs of long, convoluted, complex and fragile ectodermal accessory glands (EAG).

Fig. 6 in Female remating inhibition and fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with male accessory glands

Fig. 6. Fertilities of Bactrocera dorsalis females of various mating statuses. A. Lifetime mean percent hatch of eggs laid by females of G2 – G6 mating statuses, B. Mean percent hatch of eggs laid each week by females of G2 – G6 mating statuses. G2, females mated once (n = 18); G3, females mated twice with virgin males (n= 20); G4, females mated with non-virgin males (n = 18); G5, females housed with males with a sex ratio of 1: 1 (n = 18); G6, females housed with males with a sex ratio of 1♀: 23 (n = 19). Data for the unfertilized eggs laid by virgin females in group G1 and for females that produced fewer than 5 eggs in total were not analyzed. Different letters indicate significant differences.

Fig. 3 in Female remating inhibition and fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) associated with male accessory glands

Fig. 3. Mean percentage of successful matings among Bactrocera dorsalis of different mating statuses. M1, matings of 8-day old virgin females with of 8-day old virgin males on day 1; M2, matings of 9-day old virgin females with 9-day old virgin males on day 2; M3, matings of 10-day old virgin females with 10-day old males on day 3; M4, matings on day 2 of virgin females with males that had mated on day 1; M5, both first and second matings with virgin males; M6, first mating to non-virgin male and remating to virgin male. Different letters indicate significantly different proportions.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Data for: Atypical singing is associated with developmental stress and zero fitness in a male white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)

Here we provide data for a manuscript in which we describe the atypical song of a male white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). We observed this male over multiple breeding seasons at our Cranberry Lake study site (Adirondack Mountains; New York; 44.15N, 74.78W). We recorded the male singing, and also made observations regarding his failure to obtain reproductive success. In addition, as the male was banded as a nestling, we were able to compare his morphometric measurements at the time to the population average. Our observations of this unique individual support a connection between developmental stress, atypical song, and fitness outcomes.

dryad40/100

Growth and fitness measures of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of Physa acuta

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publicNov 2024View details →

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Mating and fitness consequences of variation in male allocation in a wind pollinated plant

In hermaphrodites, the allocation of resources to each sex function can influence fitness through mating success. A prediction that arises from sex allocation theory is that in wind-pollinated plants, male fitness should increase linearly with investment of resources into male function but there have been few empirical tests of this prediction. In a field experiment we experimentally manipulated allocation to male function in Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) and measured mating success in contrasting phenotypes using genetic markers. We investigated the effects of morphological traits and flowering phenology on male siring success, and on the diversity of mates. Our results provide evidence for a linear relation between allocation to male function, mating and fitness. We find earlier onset of male flowering time increases reproductive success, whereas later flowering increases the probability of mating with diverse individuals. Our study is among the first empirical studies testing the prediction of linear male fitness returns in wind pollinated plants and emphasize the importance of a large investment into male function by wind pollinated plants and mating consequences of temporal variation in sex allocation.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Defensive mutualists affect outcross pollen transfer and male fitness in their host plant

Ant guards can increase plant fitness by deterring herbivores, but they may also reduce it by interfering with pollination. While ant impacts on herbivory have been well-studied, much less is known about their impacts on pollinators and associated consequences for plant pollination, particularly pollen transfer dynamics and outcrossing/selfing rates. We used field experiments to quantify the effect of ant guards on pollinator community composition, frequency and duration of flower visits, and cascading effects on outcrossing pollen transfer and pollen exports in Turnera velutina (Passifloraceae). Although ant patrolling did not affect pollinator community composition or visitation frequency, it decreased flower visit duration and the time pollinators spent foraging inside flowers. Such behavioural changes resulted in reduced pollen deposition on stigmas, decreased pollen exports (a proxy for male fitness) and significantly doubled outcross pollen transfer. This study contributes to our understanding of how nonpollinator mutualists can shape plant reproductive processes. We discuss the downstream effects that variation in biotic defences, such as rewards for guarding ants, can have on plant pollen transfer patterns and fitness. In conclusion, guarding ants influence pollen transfer patterns in Turnera velutina, increasing outcrossing in a self-compatible species at the cost of male fitness. We show how non-pollinators, such as defensive ant mutualists, can shape plant reproductive traits and discuss the consequences these interactions may have for plant mating systems.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Does perception of female cues modulate male short-term fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster?

Phenotypic plasticity in reproductive behaviour can be a strong driver of individual fitness. In species with high intra-sexual competition, changes in socio-sexual context can trigger quick adaptive plastic responses in males. In particular, a recent study in the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster) shows that males derive net fitness benefits from being shortly exposed to female cues ahead of access to mating (termed sexual perception), but the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of female perception on male pre- and post-copulatory components of reproductive performance: a) mating success, b) mating latency and duration, c) sperm competitiveness, and d) ejaculate effects on female receptivity and oviposition rate. We found that brief sexual perception increased mating duration, but had no effect on the main pre- or post-copulatory fitness proxies recorded. This may suggest that male fitness benefits from responses to sexual perception do not play out in the short-term, but we discuss alternative explanations and future avenues of research.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Recovery from heat-induced infertility: A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster

The predicted temperature increase caused by climate change is a threat to biodiversity. Across animal taxa, male reproduction is often sensitive to elevated temperatures leading to fertility loss and in more adverse scenarios, this can result in sterility when males reach their upper thermal fertility limit. Here we investigate temperature-induced changes in reproductive tissues, fertility reduction, sterility, and the associated fitness loss during the subsequent recovery phase in male Drosophila melanogaster. We heat-stressed males during development and either allowed them to recover or not in early adulthood, while measuring several determinants of male reproductive success. We found significant differences in recovery rate, organ sizes, sperm production, and other key reproductive traits among males from our different temperature treatments. Sperm maturation was impaired before reaching the upper thermal sterility threshold. While some effects were reversible, this did not compensate for the fitness loss due to damage imposed during development. Surprisingly, developmental heat stress was damaging to accessory gland growth, and female post-mating responses mediated by seminal fluid proteins were impaired regardless of the possibility of recovery. We suggest that sub-lethal thermal sterility and the subsequent fertility reduction is caused by a combination of inefficient functionality of both the accessory gland and testes.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Correlates of early reproduction and apparent fitness consequences in male Soay sheep

Life history trade-offs are ubiquitous across species and place constraints on the timing of life history events, including the optimal age at first reproduction. However, studies on lifetime breeding success of male mammals are rare due to sex-biased dispersal and the requirement for genetic paternity inferences. We studied the correlates and apparent fitness consequences of early-life reproduction among males in a free-living population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) on St Kilda, Scotland. We investigated the factors associated with early breeding success and the apparent consequences of early success for survival and future reproduction. We used genetic paternity inferences, population data and individual morphology measurements collected over 30 years. We found that individuals born in years with low-density population size had the highest early-life breeding success, and singletons were more likely to be successful than twins. Individuals that bred successfully at seven months were more likely to survive their first winter. For individuals that survived their first winter, early breeding success was not associated with later breeding success. Since individual heterogeneity affects breeding success, we believe that variation in individual quality masks costs of early reproduction in this population. Our findings provide no evidence for selection for delayed age at reproduction in male Soay sheep.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Data from: Humidity stress and its consequences for male pre- and post-copulatory fitness traits in an insect

Global declines in insect abundance are of significant concern. While there is evidence that climate change is contributing to insect declines, we know little of the direct mechanisms responsible for these declines. Male fertility is compromised by increasing temperatures, and the thermal limit to fertility has been implicated as an important factor in the response of insects to climate change. However, climate change is affecting both temperature and hydric conditions, and the effects of water availability on male fertility have rarely been considered. Here we exposed male crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus to either low- or high-humidity environments while holding temperature constant. We measured water loss and the expression of both pre- and post-mating reproductive traits. Males exposed to a low-humidity environment lost more water than males exposed to a high-humidity environment. A male's cuticular hydrocarbon profile (CHC) did not affect the amount of water lost, and males did not adjust the composition of their CHC profiles in response to hydric conditions. Males exposed to a low-humidity environment were less likely to produce courtship song or produced songs of low quality. Their spermatophores failed to evacuate and their ejaculates contained sperm of reduced viability. The detrimental effects of low humidity on male reproductive traits will compromise male fertility and population persistence. We argue that limits to insect fertility based on temperature alone are likely to underestimate the true effects of climate change on insect persistence, and that the explicit incorporation of water regulation into our modelling will yield more accurate predictions of the effects of climate change on insect declines.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

Pollinators are important drivers of floral trait evolution, yet plant populations are not always perfectly adapted to their pollinators. Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites. We studied sex-specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in Aconitum gymnandrum. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex-specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each. Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. We detected directional selection through one or more fitness components for larger flower number, larger flowers, and more negative nectar gradients within inflorescences. Our results are consistent with Bateman's principles for sex-specific mating patterns and illustrate that, despite the expected difference in opportunity for selection, patterns of variation in selection across traits can be rather similar for the male and female sexual functions. These results shed new light on the effect of sexual selection on the evolution of floral traits.

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Effects of Integrative Neuromuscular Traning on Physical Fitness and Dribbling Performance Among High School Male Football Players in Shandong, China

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07017049. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

publicJun 2023View details →

Data from: Humidity stress and its consequences for male pre- and post-copulatory fitness traits in an insect

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publicMay 2022View details →

Mating and fitness consequences of variation in male allocation in a wind pollinated plant

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publicJun 2025View details →

Local Adaptation of Male Sexual Fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

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