Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 9 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 9. Five sequential matings (1-2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7) of the two male forms with the same female Maevia inclemens over the course of five days. 1-2, This mating was interrupted as the male switched from one side to the other, but after an atypical low crawl display with legs I extended, the tufted male quickly recaptured the female and continued to mate on the other side. 5-6, mating on the right and then left sides. Note the many erect spines on the legs of the mating male in each instance.

Figure 8 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 8. Sequential positions (1-4) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a still later mating attempt (after Figure 7). Here the view of the female is shown. 1-2, Waving legs I. 3, Fully extended for maximum height. 4, Display from a lower position with raised legs I.

Figure 3 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 3. Adult male Maevia inclemens, tufted (black) form. The tufts of the dorsal carapace may not be present in all males of this form. Note the lack of stripes on the uniformly-colored legs. 2, Feeding on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).

Figure 4 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 4. Four sequential positions of a male (1-4) during the successful courtship of a female Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833) on a plant in the laboratory. Males were placed on plants with three recently molted females, all from Greenville County, South Carolina. In each case the female stopped moving soon after she sighted the male, and the male advanced to mate successfully when she did not turn to face him as he stepped from side to side. In this example the female stopped moving at a distance of about 10 cm from the approaching male. The subsequent mating included insertion of each pedipalp on the respective side of the epigynum, and occupied more than 20 minutes. P. aurantius males will cohabit with and defend penultimate females (Thurlow 2016), and their large chelicerae are associated with the ritual male-male combat (agonistic behavior) that may ensue. This represents a pattern seen in many other salticids (e.g., Lyssomanes viridis, Tedore & Johnsen 2012, 2013, 2015), in which male-male contests account for most sexual selection. At the other end of the spectrum of sexual selection lie the highly ornamented salticids of the genus Maratus, for which male-male contests are virtually unknown (save one species), and a female may examine the details of male ornamentation up-close before acceptance (Otto & Hill 2021). Most salticids appear to fall somewhere between these two extremes, relying to some extent on both male-male combat and active selection by females.

Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6, Feeding on a small fly (Diptera: Brachycera). 3-4, Feeding on a small robber fly (Diptera: Ascilidae). With the exception of Figure 5:8, only three M. inclemens individuals, two males and one female, all photographed on plants in the laboratory, are shown in this paper. All were collected in Massachusetts, June 2020.

Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).

Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).

Figure 5 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 5. Display by grey males, Maevia inclemens. 1-7, Successive (low crawl) positions of the grey male male from Massachusetts, advancing to successfully mate with the female. When close, this male jumped and captured the female (Figure 9:7). 8, Display by a grey male from Sherburne County, Minnesota, recorded in 1982.

Figure 2 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 2. Adult male Maevia inclemens, grey (striped) form. Note the stripes on the prolateral surface of each femur.

Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)

Figure 11. Sequential (1-2) views of encounter between the two male forms of Maevia inclemens. Apart from a brief defensive reaction by the grey male (2), no ritual combat ensued and the males did not appear to recognize that they were conspecific.

Figure 4. Selected frames from a 30 in A trap door jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina: Balmaceda sp.)

Figure 4. Selected frames from a 30fps video showing the retreat of Balmaceda into the lower end of its vertical retreat. At the end of this sequence the spider quickly pulled the lid (or entrance) of its retreat down (arrow, frame 113). This is barely perceptible in the image shown here, but is quite evident in the video.

Figure 3. Selected frames from a 30 in A trap door jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina: Balmaceda sp.)

Figure 3. Selected frames from a 30fps video showing the emergence of Balmaceda from the lower end of its vertical retreat. After emergence the spider remained in place, motionless, for some time (frames 245-777).

Figure 1 in A trap door jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina: Balmaceda sp.)

Figure 1. Vertical trap-door retreat of a Balmaceda sp. on the side of a tree in southeastern Brazil. 1, The flat surface of the retreat covered a small hole in the trunk of this tree (18 SEP 2022, 17:11). 2, Detail from (1). 3-4, Two views of a Balmaceda sp. at the entrance of this retreat (19 SEP 2022, 10:55).

Figure 2. Selected frames from a 30 in A trap door jumping spider from Brazil (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina: Balmaceda sp.)

Figure 2. Selected frames from a 30fps video showing the emergence of Balmaceda from the lower end of its vertical retreat. After emergence this spider made a series of very small turns as it looked out from the entrance (frames 480-1629).

Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 9 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).

Figure 3 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2

Figure 6. Sequential positions (1-4) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female. Facing the female, this male maintained an elevated position with the opisthosoma turned down, stepping and waving both legs I and pedipalps. As with the grey male (Figure 5), this male also mated sucessfully with the female (Figure 9:3), jumping and capturing her after advancing to a near position.