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172 results for “Mating behavior”
Data from: Mating environments mediate the evolution of behavioral isolation during ecological speciation
<p>The evolution of behavioral isolation is often the first step towards speciation. While past studies show that behavioral isolation will sometimes evolve as a by-product of divergent ecological selection, we lack a more nuanced understanding of factors that may promote or hamper its evolution. The environment in which mating occurs may be important in mediating whether behavioral isolation evolves for two reasons. Ecological speciation could occur as a direct outcome of different sexual interactions being favored in different mating environments. Alternatively, mating environments may vary in the constraint they impose on traits underlying mating interactions, such that populations evolving in a 'constraining' mating environment would be less likely to evolve behavioral isolation than populations evolving in a less constraining mating environment. In the latter, mating environment is not the direct cause of behavioral isolation but rather permits its evolution only if other drivers are present. We test these ideas with a set of 28 experimental fly populations, each of which evolved under one of two mating environments and one of two larval environments. Counter to the prediction of ecological speciation by mating environment, behavioral isolation was not maximal between populations evolved in different mating environments. Nonetheless, mating environment was an important factor as behavioral isolation evolved among populations from one mating environment but not among populations from the other. Though one mating environment was conducive to the evolution of behavioral isolation, it was not sufficient: assortative mating only evolved between populations adapting to different larval environments within that mating environment, indicating a role for ecological speciation. Intriguingly, the mating environment that promoted behavioral isolation is characterized by less sexual conflict compared to the other mating environment. Our results suggest that mating environments plays a key role in mediating ecological speciation via other axes of divergent selection.</p>
Data from: Effects of past mating behavior versus past ejaculation on male mate choice and male attractiveness
<p>Past reproductive effort allows males to assess their ability to acquire mates, but it also consumes resources that can reduce their future competitive ability. Few studies have examined how a male's reproductive history affects his subsequent mate choice; and, to date, no study has determined the relative contribution of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production because these two forms of investment are naturally highly correlated. Here, we disentangled the relative effects of past mating behavior and past ejaculate production in male mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia holbrooki</em>) by experimentally preventing some males from ejaculating when trying to mate. We assessed the effect of mating behavior on mate choice by comparing males that had previously been with or without access to females and male rivals for 16 weeks; and assessed the effect of ejaculation on mate choice by comparing males that either could or could not ejaculate when they had access to females for 16 weeks. We compared (1) time females spent with each male, (2) total distance males swam, (3) total time males spent inspecting females, (4) proportion of time males spent with the solitary females in separate models, with age (week 8, week 16) and treatment of reproductive history ("naive male", "mating only male" and "mating and ejaculation males") as fixed factors. </p> <p>We showed that reproductive history did not affect male attractiveness, but it did affect male mate choice. Somewhat surprisingly, in two-choice trials males from all three treatments preferred females in the vicinity of a rival over solitary females. This preference was marginally stronger for males engaging in previous mating behavior but was unaffected by past ejaculate production. This is the first study to quantify the relative influence of pre- and post-copulatory reproductive investment on male mate choice.</p>
Data from: Evolved differences in thermal plasticity of mosquitofish mating behavior are unrelated to source temperature
<p>Phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature is expected to play a key role in how organisms cope with climate change. Evolved differences in plastic responses are often linked to historical differences in average temperatures, yet we know little about how behavioral plasticity is affected by prevailing thermal environments. In this study, we used a common-garden design to test whether historical differences in average temperatures caused evolutionary divergence in the plasticity of mating behavior of Western mosquitofish (<em>Gambusia affinis</em>) inhabiting geothermal springs with average source temperatures spanning from 18.8 to 33.3 C. We found population differences in the thermal plasticity of courtship displays, copulation attempts, copulations, and mating efficiency, but these differences could not be explained by average source temperatures. We also tested for differences in thermal optima and maximum performance in mating behavior among populations. We found that only the maximum number of displays differed among populations, although these differences were also unrelated to source temperature. While temperature may have predictable evolutionary consequences for some thermally sensitive traits, our findings are inconsistent with theoretical predictions of evolutionary responses to divergent average temperatures, highlighting the need for greater synergy between empirical and theoretical work to understand thermal adaptation.</p>
Figs. 43–44 in Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species
Figs. 43–44. Cyclocephala melanocephala, third instar larva; 43, raster; 44, setae detail; a, pali; b, hamate setae; c, short setae; d, long setae. Scale, Fig. 43 = 1 mm; Fig. 44 = 0.5 mm.
Figs. 26–42 in Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species
Figs. 26–42. Cyclocephala melanocephala, third instar larva; 26–28, right legs and pleurites (anterior, medial, posterior); 29–31, right pro-, meso- and metapretarsus, dorsal; 32–33, detail of perforations of mesothoracic spiracle (dorsal arm, medial area); 34–42, mesothoracic spiracle and abdominal spiracles I–VIII. Scale, Fig. 26 = 0.3 mm; Figs. 29, 34 = 0.1 mm; Fig. 32 = 0.05 mm.
Figs. 23–25 in Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species
Figs. 23–25. Cyclocephala melanocephala, third instar larva; 23, maxilla, internal; 24, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 25, maxilla, labium, ventral. ppa, posterior preoral area. Scale = 0.5 mm.
Figs. 7–12 in Mating behavior and description of immature stages of Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), identification key and remarks on known immatures of Cyclocephalini species
Figs. 7–12. Cyclocephala melanocephala, third instar larva; 7, cranium and clypeus, dorsal; 8, labrum, dorsal (epipharyngeal ventral setae omitted); 9–12, left antenna (dorsal, internal, external, ventral; external and internal sides with apex detail; some sensilla numbered to easily the correspondence; sensillum h can be absent). Chaetotaxy (italic) on the text. Scale = 0.5 mm (antennal details with magnification four times bigger than antennae).
Fig. 44 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Fig. 44. Mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps on leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae); A–B, pairs copulating; C–D, a male competitor next to the pair copulating.
Figs. 37–38 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Figs. 37–38. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 37, raster; 38, abdominal segment X, posterior. Scale: 1 mm.
Figs. 9–12 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Figs. 9–12. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 9, labrum; 10, epipharynx; 11–12, cibarium (right, left). Scale: 0.5 mm.
Figs. 19–21 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Figs. 19–21. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 19, maxilla, internal; 20, maxilla, hypopharynx, ligula, dorsal; 21, maxilla, labium, ventral. Scale: 0.5 mm.
Figs. 1–8 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Figs. 1–8. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 1, habitus; 2, head; 3, chaetotaxy of cranium and clypeus; 4−8, antennae; 4, dorsal (antennomere IV detached); 5, internal; 6, external; 7, antennomere II, ventral; 8, antennomere IV, ventral. Scale: 1−3, 0.5 mm; 4−8, 0.25 mm.
Figs. 13–18 in Description of immatures and mating behavior of Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae)
Figs. 13–18. Liogenys bidenticeps, third instar larva; 13−15, right mandible (ventral, internal, dorsal); 16−18, left mandible (dorsal, internal, and ventral). Scale: 0.5 mm.
Fig. 4 in Morphology of immature stages and mating behavior in Liogenys fusca (Blanchard) (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Melolonthinae)
Fig. 4. Sequential activities involved in the mating behavior of Liogenys fusca observations (numbers indicate the proportion of individual/pairs that engaged in each activity; n = 50).
Figure 4 in Mating behavior and structural aspects of spermatophore of two Indian scorpion species of the genus Heterometrus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Figure 4. Labeled diagram of pre-and post-insemination spermatophore of H. bengalensis (Koch, 1841).
Figure 1 in Mating behavior of the long-legged cricket Eidmanacris meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995 (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae)
Figure 1. Dorsal and lateral view of Eidmanacris meridionalis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995. A) Female. B) Male. Photo: LC Macarini.
Figure 27 in Asymmetrical male mandibular horns and mating behavior in Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 27. Frequency histograms of greatest pronotal width and mandible height (measured as indicated on illustrations), and relationship between greatest pronotal width and left mandible height for Agathidium angulare (n5118). Arrows indicate individuals illustrated. Dashed line on X-axis indicates optimal inflexion (switch) point (P in Model 1).
Figure 28 in Asymmetrical male mandibular horns and mating behavior in Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figure 28. Frequency histograms of greatest pronotal width and mandible height (measured as indicated on illustrations), and relationship between greatest pronotal width and left mandible height for Agathidium pulchrum (n564). Arrows indicate individuals illustrated. Dashed line on X-axis indicates optimal inflexion (switch) point (P in Model 1).
Figures 6–17 in Asymmetrical male mandibular horns and mating behavior in Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figures 6–17. Agathidium species showing variation in horn morphology. (6–8) A. angulare: (6) left lateral; (7) anterior; (8) dorsal. (9–11) A. mollinum: (9) left lateral; (10) anterior; (11) dorsal. (12–14) A. pulchrum: (12) left lateral; (13) anterior; (14) dorsal. (15–17) A. marae: (15) left lateral; (16) anterior; (17) dorsal. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figures 3–5 in Asymmetrical male mandibular horns and mating behavior in Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)
Figures 3–5. (3) Expected distribution of body size versus ornament length under nonlinear regression model (dose–response curve) with switch point indicated by dashed line. (4) Expected frequency distribution of body size data in species of Agathidium. (5) Expected frequency distribution of ornament length data in species of Agathidium.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.