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84 results for “Melanin”
Data Set: Raman Investigation of In Vivo Radiation Exposure on Melanin in Murine Hair
<p>Updated version contains additional data added during peer review. Files contains Raw Raman spectra collected from the hair of mice irradiataed with gamma rays of specified dose. The time following exposure (in days) that the hair was sampled, the sex of the mouse, and the total dose (Gy) is given for each spectrum. The Raman spectra were collected with excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm. The Raman shift labels for each excitation wavelength is given the first row of the data table prior to the raw spectra.</p>
Fig. 4 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 4 AC infection causes imbalance in GLU and lipid metabolism in mice. A Serum biochemical tests (n = 6), including GLU, CHO, TG, HDL, LDL. B, C GLU tolerance and AUC curve (n = 3). D, E Immunohistochemical images and statistics of UCP1 in mouse gWAT (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the control group, statistical significance is indicated as *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, ****P <0.0001. GLU glucose, TG triglycerides, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TC total cholesterol, AUC area under the curve
Fig. 3 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 3 AC infection leads to extensive loss of adipose tissue in mice. A Macroscopic images. B, C, D Statistical chart of tissue weight proportion to body weight in different parts (n = 6). E Pathological sections of adipose tissue. F, G Statistical chart of the average single-cell area of iWAT and gWAT (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the control group, statistical significance is denoted as *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ****P <0.0001. BAT brown adipose tissue, iWAT inguinal white adipose tissue, gWAT gonadal white adipose tissue
Fig. 8 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 8 Effect of intranasal MCH on synapse-related proteins. A Transcription levels of Bcl2, Map2, PSD95, Syp in mouse cortex (n = 5). B The expression levels of MAP2, PSD95, and SYP were evaluated by western blotting. C Densitometrical quantification of the blots after normalizing with β-actin (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the AC group, statistical significance is indicated as *P <0.05, **P <0.01. Bcl2 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2, Map2 microtubule-associated protein 2, PSD95 postsynaptic density protein 95, Syp Synaptophysin, AC Angiostrongylus cantonensis, MCH melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 1 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 1 AC infection reduces MCH expression in mice. A Differential volcano plot illustrating brain transcriptome changes in AC-infected mice. B RT– qPCR analysis of Pmch mRNA transcription levels in the whole brain (n = 3) and hypothalamus (n = 4). C, D Panoramic localization of MCH in coronal brain sections. Part D is an enlarged view of part C. E, F Representative images of MCH costained with NeuN and GFAP. G, H Representative images depicting MCH immunofluorescence in hypothalamic regions, along with fluorescence intensity statistics (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the control group, statistical significance is denoted as *P <0.05, ****P <0.0001. NotSig not significant, Pmch pro-melanin-concentrating hormone, dpi days post infection, MCH melanin-concentrating hormone, DAPI 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, NeuN neuronal nuclei, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, 3V 3rd ventricle, ARH hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, DMH dorsomedial hypothalamus, LHA lateral hypothalamic area, VMH ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, ZI zona incerta
Fig. 5 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 5 AC infection causes neurological impairment and dyskinesia in mice. A Neurological function score (n ≥ 4). B MWM trajectory. C, D, E, F Statistics of platform crossings, percentage time in target quadrant, distance, and velocity in MWM (n ≥ 4). G, H Changes in running wheel activity and statistics (n ≥ 5). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the control group, statistical significance is indicated as *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, ****P <0.0001. dpi days post infection
Fig. 7 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 7 MCH improves neurological function and dyskinesia in mice. A Y-maze movement trajectory. B, C, D Statistics of Y-maze free alternation rate, distance, and velocity (n ≥ 6). E NOR test trajectory. F, G, H Statistics of recognition index, mouse travel distance, and velocity in NOR test (n ≥ 5). I MWM movement trajectory. J, K, L, M Statistics of platform crossings, percentage time in target quadrant, distance, and velocity in MWM (n ≥ 5). N Statistics of the time spent in the pole test (n = 4). O Neurological function score (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Compared with the AC group, statistical significance is indicated as *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, ****P <0.0001. AC Angiostrongylus cantonensis, MCH melanin-concentrating hormone
Supplementary material to "Exogenous corticosterone and melanin-based coloration explain variation in juvenile dispersal behaviour in the barn owl (Tyto alba)"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Natal dispersal affects many processes such as population dynamics. So far, most studies have examined the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine the distance between the place of birth and of first breeding. In contrast, few researchers followed the first steps of dispersal soon after fledging. To study this gap, we radio-tracked 95 barn owl nestlings (<em>Tyto alba</em>) to locate their diurnal roost sites from the fledging stage until December. This was used to test whether the age of nest departure, post-fledging movements and dispersal distance were related to melanin-based coloration, which is correlated to fitness-related traits, as well as to corticosterone, a hormone that mediates a number of life history trade-offs and the physiological and behavioural responses to stressful situations. We found that the artificial administration of corticosterone delayed the age when juveniles left their parental home-range in females but not in males. During the first few months after fledging, longer dispersal distances were reached by females compared to males, by individuals marked with larger black feather spots compared to individuals with smaller spots, by larger individuals and by those experimentally treated with corticosterone. We conclude that the onset and magnitude of dispersal is sensitive to the stress hormone corticosterone, melanin-based coloration and body size. </p>
Data from: No evidence for the melanin desiccation hypothesis in a larval Lepidopteran
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Data from: Testosterone activates sexual dimorphism including male-typical carotenoid but not melanin plumage pigmentation in a female bird
In males it is frequently testosterone (T) that activates the expression of sexually selected morphological and behavioral displays, but the role of T in regulating similar traits in females is less clear. Here we combine correlational data with results from T and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) manipulations in both sexes to assess the role of T in mediating sexually dimorphic coloration and morphology in the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus). We show that (1) natural variation in female expression of ornamental traits (darkened bills and red back feathers) are positively associated with age and circulating androgen titres, (2) females have the capacity to express most male-typical traits in response to exogenous T, including carotenoid-pigmented body plumage, shorter feathers, darkened bill, and enlarged cloacal protuberance, but (3) appear constrained in production of male-typical melanin-pigmented plumage, and (4) low androgen levels during the pre-nuptial molt, probably due to low ovarian capacity for steroid production (or LH-sensitivity), prevent females from developing male-like ornamentation. Thus, females appear to retain molecular mechanism for hormonally regulated male-typical ornamentation, although these are rarely activated because of insufficient production of the hormonal signal.
Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin-based colouration in bird communities
<p>Growing urbanization increasingly influences ecosystems worldwide. While the effects of urban conditions within species (through either plastic or evolutionary responses) have been widely studied, their potential influences among species (through environmental filter), especially concerning their colouration, remain poorly known. Here, we investigated whether avian communities breeding inside and outside a major European city (Paris) differ with regards to melanin-based plumage colouration. Melanins are heritable pigments present in many taxa and have a series of unique properties that may allow coping with urban conditions. Using melanic-based colouration as an integrative phenotypic marker, we predicted (i) that the probability of breeding inside the city should increase with the intensity of species melanin-based colouration, (ii) that for species breeding both inside and outside the city, density should increase with the intensity of dark colouration inside the city, but not outside the city, and (iii) that species not breeding inside the city should not exhibit this positive relation between density and colouration. Our results confirmed these predictions. In addition, the density of species not breeding inside the city decreased with the darkness of their plumage. Altogether, these results suggest that bird species experience a balance between costs and benefits of melanin-based colouration shaped by environmental conditions. Both the environmental filtering and the urbanisation-shaped relation between density and colouration evidenced here are likely a general trend, however possibly modulated by additional local environmental conditions. Their importance may even be underestimated given the restricted geographical scale and the overall urbanization rate of the region studied. Further studies involving regions with contrasted environmental conditions should gain insight into the consequences of urbanization worldwide on traits associated with melanin-based colouration.</p>
Fig. 2 in Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces energy imbalance and dyskinesia in mice by reducing the expression of melanin-concentrating hormone
Fig. 2 (See legend on previous page.)
Data from: The adaptive role of melanin plasticity in thermally variable environments
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Dietary constraints and costs of melanin pigmentation plasticity
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Data from: Testosterone activates sexual dimorphism including male-typical carotenoid but not melanin plumage pigmentation in a female bird
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Urbanization shapes the relation between density and melanin-based colouration in bird communities
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Population differences in melanin pigmentation plasticity in response to a seasonal cue
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Pleiotropic effects of melanin pigmentation: Haemoparasite infection intensity but not telomere length is associated with morph in black sparrowhawks
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Carotenoid- but not melanin-based plumage coloration is negatively related to metal exposure and proximity to the road in an urban songbird
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Data from: Condition-dependent expression of carotenoid- and melanin-based plumage colour of northern flicker nestlings revealed by manipulation of brood size
Carotenoid-based colouration in feathers is widely accepted to be a reliable signal of the health of an individual, but the condition-dependence of melanin-based plumage ornaments has been highly debated. Using broods that were manipulated in size, we tested whether nutritional stress during rearing affected the carotenoid pigmentation in secondary feathers and the size, shape, and symmetry of melanin spots on breast plumage of northern flicker Colaptes auratus nestlings. Two measures of carotenoid colour (chroma and brightness) of secondary flight feathers did not vary according to brood size treatment, but in a larger dataset from the population, carotenoid chroma was positively associated with nestling mass. Nestlings from experimentally enlarged broods had smaller melanin spots than those from reduced broods, which is some of the first experimental evidence that melanin ornament size in growing nestlings is condition-dependent. However, the shape and symmetry of the melanin breast spots was not associated with nestling mass. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in both types of pigmentation and future studies should investigate whether there are any trade-offs for nestlings between investing in carotenoid colouration and melanisation and whether trade-offs differ between the sexes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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