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8 results for “Microsaur”
Joermungandr bolti, an exceptionally preserved microsaur from Mazon Creek, Illinois, reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra
<p>The Carboniferous Pennsylvanian-aged (309-307 Ma) Mazon Creek Lagerstätte produces some of the earliest fossils of major Paleozoic tetrapod lineages. Recently, several new tetrapod specimens collected from Mazon Creek have come to light, including the earliest fossorially-adapted recumbirostrans. Here we describe a new long-bodied recumbirostran, Joermungandr bolti gen et sp. nov., known from a single part and counterpart concretion bearing a virtually complete skeleton. Uniquely, Joermungandr preserves a full suite of dorsal, flank, and ventral dermal scales, together with a series of thinned and reduced gastralia. Investigation of these scales using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveals ultrastructural ridge and pit morphologies, revealing complexities comparable to the scale ultrastructure of extant snakes and fossorial reptiles, which have scales modified for body based propulsion and shedding substrate. Our new taxon also represents an important early record of an elongate recumbirostran bauplan, wherein several features linked to fossoriality, including a characteristic recumbent snout, are present. We utilized parsimony phylogenetic methods to conduct phylogenetic analysis using the most recent recumbirostran-focused matrix. The analysis recovers the new taxon within the Cocytinoidea clade as sister taxon to all brachystelechids. Finally, we review integumentary patterns in Recumbirostra, noting reductions and losses of gastralia and osteoderms associated with body elongation and, thus, likely also associated with increased fossoriality.</p>
Figure 4 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 4. Strict consensus of the results of the parsimony analysis focused on the phylogenetic relationships recovered within Recumbirostra. Major clades are labelled at nodes (circles). Major recumbirostran families are labelled in colour. Silhouette tones indicate the level of body elongation, with darker shades indicating more extreme body elongation.
Figure 1 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 1. Photographs of the part (USNM PAL 4465) and counterpart (USNM PAL 4467) of the holotype of Odonterpeton triangulare. A, C, skeleton exposed in dorsal view (A) and ventral view (C). B, D, resin casts of the skeleton exposed in dorsal view (B) and ventral view (D).
Figure 3 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 3. Photographs and labelled drawings of the skull of the holotype of Odonterpeton triangulare. A, B, dorsal view (USNM PAL 4465). C, D, ventral view of the skull and the anterior end of the cervical region (USNM PAL 4467). See Material and Methods for anatomical abbreviations.
Figure 6 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 6. Palatal views of selected early amniotes, including recumbirostrans, focusing on the structured pterygoid (peach coloured). A, palate of the early captorhinid eureptile, Captorhinus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a distinct, posteroventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Fox & Bowman, 1966). B, palate of an early-diverging synapsid, Eothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a weakly posteriorly oriented, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz et al., 2009). C, palate of an early eureptile, Protorothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with an almost straight, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Clark & Carroll, 1973). D, palate of an early eureptile, Paleothyris, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a weakly posteriorly oriented, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Carroll, 1969). E, palate of an early parareptile, Acleistorhinus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a nearly straight, perhaps slightly anteriorly canted, ventrally descending and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (deBraga & Reisz, 1996). F, palate of the araeoscelid eureptile Petrolacosaurus, showing a less distinct, anteriorly oriented and tooth-bearing transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz, 1977). G, palate of a putative captorhinid reptile, Opisthodontosaurus, showing a triradiate pterygoid with a somewhat straight, shallowly descending, lightly denticulated, transverse flange of the pterygoid (Reisz et al., 2015).
Joermungandr bolti, an exceptionally preserved microsaur from Mazon Creek, Illinois, reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra
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Figure 5 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 5. Patterns of enlarged cranial foramina observed on three recumbirostran groups. A, dorsal view of a generalized molgophid skull (Brachydectes neaeberryi; modified from Pardo & Anderson, 2016), showing the patterns and distribution of enlarged foramina observed across Molgophidae. B, dorsal view of a generalized brachystelechid skull (Carrolla craddocki; modified from Huttenlocker et al., 2013), showing the patterns and distribution of enlarged foramina observed across Brachystelechidae. C, dorsal view of a generalized odonterpetid skull (Odonterpeton triangulare), showing the patterns and distribution of enlarged foramina observed across Odonterpetidae.
Figure 2 in Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
Figure 2. Line drawings based on the resin casts of the holotype of Odonterpeton triangulare exposed in dorsal view (A; USNM PAL 4465) and ventral view (B; USNM PAL 4467). See Material and Methods for anatomical abbreviations.
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