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40 results for “Middle America”
FIG. 4 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America
FIG. 4.— Location map and fossil record of northern South American Astrapotheriidae Ameghino, 1887, based on data from Kraglievich (1928), Stehlin (1928), Scott (1937), Simpson (1940), Paula Couto (1976, 1982), Rancy (1981), Frailey (1986, 1987), Isea (1987), Johnson & Madden (1997), Flynn et al. (2002, 2008), Sánchez-Villagra et al. (2004), Weston et al. (2004), Antoine et al. (2007), Croft (2007), and Negri et al. (2010). Abbreviations: LO, late Oligocene; EM, early Miocene; MM, middle Miocene; LM, late Miocene.
FIG. 2 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America
FIG. 2. — Xenastrapotherium sp. from the late middle Miocene Fitzcarrald local fauna, Peruvian Amazonia: A-F, edentulous symphysis with canine alveoli (MUSM 1468), IN-DTC 20 locality; A, dorsal view; B, interpretative reconstruction with canines, same view; C, rostro-dorsal view;D, interpretative reconstruction with alveoli of anterior teeth,same view;E, right lateral view;F, interpretative reconstruction with canines, same view; G -J, left P3 without ectoloph (MUSM 1467), IN-DTC 37 locality; G, occlusal view; H, interpretative sketch of the occlusal view, with main observed features; I, mesiolingual view; J, distal view; K-M, left i1 (MUSM 1466), IN-DTC 20 locality; K, occlusal view; L, labial view; M, lingual view. Leftward and upward arrows show mesial and labial sides, respectively. Scale bars: A-F, 50 mm; G-M, 20 mm.
FIG. 1 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America
FIG. 1. — Location map of the late middle Miocene astrapotheriid-yielding vertebrate localities in the Río Inuya and Río Mapuya area ("Fitzcarrald local fauna", Ipururo Formation), Ucayali Department, eastern Peru.
FIG. 3 in Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America
FIG. 3. — Granastrapotherium cf. snorki from the late middle Miocene Fitzcarrald local fauna, Peruvian Amazonia. Left broken M2 without ectoloph (MUSM 994), IN-DTC 28 locality (float): A, occlusal view; B, interpretative sketch of the occlusal view; C, tentative reconstruction of the whole tooth. Scale bar: 20 mm.
Supplemental Tables that will be submitted with Hydrothermal Seepage of Altered Crustal Formation Water Seaward of the Middle America Trench, Offshore Costa Rica
<p>This spreadsheet will be submitted to JGR Solid Earth with a manuscrpt titled "Hydrothermal Seepage of Altered Crustal Formation Water Seaward of the Middle America Trench, Offshore Costa Rica" by Parsons et al. Keywords include Ridge flank, hydrothermal, Middle American Trench, hydrogeology, formation water, and pore water. Three short highlights include:</p> <p>Pore water chemical profiles reveal sediment diagenesis and seepage speeds up to 1.7 cm yr<sup>-1</sup> resulting in a net flux of 0.1 L s<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Crustal formation water is warm (~75ºC) and chemically altered, stemming from water-basalt reactions and diffusive exchange with pore water.</p> <p>This ridge-flank hydrothermal system is not hydrologically connected to the ventilated crust to the west or the trench to the east.</p>
Data from: Reticulate evolution in nuclear Middle America causes discordance in the phylogeny of palm‐pitvipers (Viperidae: Bothriechis)
Aim: A number of processes can lead to weak or conflicting phylogenetic signals, especially in geographically dynamic regions where unstable landscapes and climates promote complex evolutionary histories. The Middle American pitviper genus Bothriechis has a complex biogeographic distribution and previous phylogenetic analyses have recovered conflicting topologies based on the data type used. Here, we tested whether historic conflicts in the phylogeny were the result of reticulate evolution and whether the inferred biogeographic history of the group would enable contact among reticulate lineages. Location: Middle America Taxon: Palm-Pitvipers (genus Bothriechis) Methods: We generated a phylogenomic dataset using an anchored phylogenomics approach and inferred a genomics-based species tree and mitochondrial tree to assess incongruence among datasets. We then generated a dated phylogeny and conducted ancestral area reconstruction to examine the biogeographic history surrounding the diversification of these species. We additionally tested whether the discordance among trees is better explained by lineage sorting or reticulate evolution by testing models of reticulate evolution inferred through multiple methods. Results: We found strong support for discordance in the phylogeny of <i>Bothriechis</i> and corresponding evidence for reticulate evolution among lineages with incongruent placement. Ancestral area reconstruction placed these taxa in adjacent regions during the time period when reticulation was projected to take place and suggested a biogeographic history heavily influenced by vicariant processes. Main conclusions: Reticulation among geographically proximate lineages has driven apparent genomic discordance in Bothriechis and is responsible for historical incongruence in the phylogeny. Inference of the order of events suggests that reticulation in Nuclear Middle American occurred during a time of geologic upheaval, promoting lineage divergence and secondary contact. Reticulate evolution and similar processes can have substantial impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of taxa and are important to explicitly test for in biogeographically complex regions. Main conclusions: Reticulation among geographically proximate lineages has driven apparent genomic discordance in Bothriechis and is responsible for historical incongruence in the phylogeny. Inference of the order of events suggests that reticulation in Nuclear Middle American occurred during a time of geologic upheaval, promoting lineage divergence and secondary contact. Reticulate evolution and similar processes can have substantial impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of taxa and are important to explicitly test for in biogeographically complex regions.
Catalog of Earthquake Swarms in the Middle America Subduction Zone (2001-2024)
<p>This dataset contains the catalog of earthquake swarms in the Middle America subduction zone from January 2001 to March 2024.</p>
Data from: Reticulate evolution in nuclear Middle America causes discordance in the phylogeny of palm‐pitvipers (Viperidae: Bothriechis)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Westward range expansion from middle latitudes explains the Mississippi River discontinuity in a forest herb of eastern North America
<p>It is often expected that temperate plants have expanded their geographic ranges northward from primarily southern refugia. Evidence for this hypothesis is mixed in eastern North American species, and there is increasing support for colonization from middle latitudes. We studied genome-wide patterns of variation in RADseq loci to test hypotheses concerning range expansion in a North American forest herb (<i>Campanula americana</i>). First, spatial patterns of genetic differentiation were determined. Then phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were estimated. Spatial signatures of genetic drift were also studied to identify the directionality of recent range expansion and its geographic origins. Finally, spatially explicit scenarios for the spread of plants across the landscape were compared, using variation in the population mutation parameter and Tajima's D. We found strong longitudinal subdivision, with populations clustering into groups west and east of the Mississippi River. While the southeastern region was likely part of a diverse Pleistocene refugium, there is little evidence that range expansion involved founders from these southern locales. Instead, declines in genetic diversity and the loss of rare alleles support a westward colonization wave from a middle latitude refugium near the southern Appalachian Mountains, with subsequent expansion from a Pleistocene staging ground in the Mississippi River Valley (0.51 - 1.27 Mya). These analyses implicate stepping stone colonization from middle latitudes as an important mechanism of species range expansion in eastern North America. This study further demonstrates the utility of population genetics as a tool to infer the routes traveled by organisms during geographic range expansion.</p>
FIGURE 5 in A new acaremyid rodent (Hystricognathi: Octodontoidea) from the middle Miocene of Patagonia (South America) and considerations on the early evolution of Octodontoidea
FIGURE 5. Strict consensus of the most parsimonious tree (Length=40.178; CI=0.600, RI=0.727) resulting from cladistic analysis of a modified matrix of Vucetich & Kramarz (2003). The numbers in bold indicate Bremer indices, numbers in italics represent absolute Jackknife values, and numbers in gray represent GC Jackknife values.
FIGURE 2. Comparison between Sciamys petisensis and Sciamys principalis. S in A new acaremyid rodent (Hystricognathi: Octodontoidea) from the middle Miocene of Patagonia (South America) and considerations on the early evolution of Octodontoidea
FIGURE 2. Comparison between Sciamys petisensis and Sciamys principalis. S. petisensis, MPEF-PV 3561, right dp4-m1 (A), and S. principalis, MACN PV SC 2394, right dp4-m1 (B). Abbreviations: afd, anterofossettid; med I, metalophulid I; med II, metalophulid II. Scale bars equal 1mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new acaremyid rodent (Hystricognathi: Octodontoidea) from the middle Miocene of Patagonia (South America) and considerations on the early evolution of Octodontoidea
FIGURE 4. Ontogenetic series showing the transitional octodontiform molar pattern in S. petisensis sp. nov. MPEF-PV 3561, right dp4-m1 (shown as left) (A); MPEF-PV 3563, left dp4 (partially preserved)-m2 (B); MPEF-PV 3560, right p4-m3 (shown as left) (C); MPEF-PV 3566, left m1-m3 (D); MPEF-PV 3562, left p4-m3 (E). Scale bars equal 1mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new acaremyid rodent (Hystricognathi: Octodontoidea) from the middle Miocene of Patagonia (South America) and considerations on the early evolution of Octodontoidea
FIGURE 3. Sciamys petisensis, MPEF-PV 3560 (Holotype), right p4-m3 (A); Sciamys principalis, MACN PV FSC2314, right p4-m3 (B); S. petisensis, MPEF-PV 3561, right mandible with dp4-m1 (C); S. petisensis, MPEF-PV 3560, right mandible with p4-m3 (D). Abbreviations: afd, anterofossettid; hld, hypolophid; maf, masseteric fossa; mf, metal foramen; mmpim, insertion for the tendon of the masseter medialis pars infraorbitalis muscle; msd, mesolophid; psd, posterolophid. Scale bars equal 1mm.
FIGURE 1 in Checklist of the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in fishes and turtles in Middle-America, and their delimitation based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA
FIGURE 1. Map showing the localities of Neoechinorhynchus spp. Numbers of localities correspond with the numbers presented in Table 1. DNA from specimens from localities 1-51 (CS in Table 1) was analyzed for this study.
FIGURE 3 in Checklist of the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in fishes and turtles in Middle-America, and their delimitation based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree obtained with Bayesian (consensus) and Maximum Likelihood methods. Parenthesis after terminals indicates number of sequences for each species. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap support values ML analysis/posterior probabilities of BY inference.
FIGURE 2 in Checklist of the species of Neoechinorhynchus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in fishes and turtles in Middle-America, and their delimitation based on sequences of the 28 S rDNA
FIGURE 2. Males of species of Neoechinorhynchus known from Middle-America. a) N. (N.) brentnickoli Monks, Pulido- Flores & Violante-González, 2011. b) N. (N.) chimalapasensis Salgado-Maldonado, Caspeta-Mandujano & Martínez-Ramírez, 2010. c) N. (N.) emyditoides Fisher, 1960. d) N. (N.) golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978. e) N. (N.) mamesi Pinacho-Pinacho, Pérez-Ponce de León & García-Varela 2012. f) N. (N.) mexicoensis Pinacho-Pinacho, Sereno-Uribe & García-Varela, 2014. g) N. (N.) panucensis Salgado-Maldonado, 2013. h) N. (N.) roseum Salgado-Maldonado, 1978. i) N. (N.) schmidti Barger, Thatcher & Nickol, 2004. Scale bars = 1.0 mm
FIGURES 56–58. Fungiseius clavulisetis n in A new genus of fungus-inhabiting blattisociid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea) from Middle America, with a key to genera and subgenera of the subfamily Blattisociinae
FIGURES 56–58. Fungiseius clavulisetis n. sp., adult female: 56, tarsus IV, dorsal view; 57, tarsus II, posterolateral view; 58, tarsus II, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: t p, tarsal process.
FIGURES 48–55. Fungiseius clavulisetis n in A new genus of fungus-inhabiting blattisociid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea) from Middle America, with a key to genera and subgenera of the subfamily Blattisociinae
FIGURES 48–55. Fungiseius clavulisetis n. sp., adult female, legs I–IV, excluding tarsus: 48, leg I, posterolateral view; 49, leg II, posterolateral view; 50, leg III, dorsal view; 51, leg IV, posterolateral view; 52, coxa I, ventral view; 53, coxa II, ventral view; 54, coxa III, ventral view; 55, coxa IV, ventral view.
FIGURES 42–47. Fungiseius clavulisetis n in A new genus of fungus-inhabiting blattisociid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea) from Middle America, with a key to genera and subgenera of the subfamily Blattisociinae
FIGURES 42–47. Fungiseius clavulisetis n. sp., adult female: 42, tritosternum; 43, gnathotectum; 44, corniculi, dorsal view; 45, subcapitulum; 46, idiosoma, ventral aspect; 47, detail of spermatheca.
FIGURES 38–41. Fungiseius clavulisetis n in A new genus of fungus-inhabiting blattisociid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseioidea) from Middle America, with a key to genera and subgenera of the subfamily Blattisociinae
FIGURES 38–41. Fungiseius clavulisetis n. sp., adult female: 38, idiosoma, dorsal aspect (arrows indicate delineated strip of dorsal shield margins bearing r-marginal and S-lateral setae); 39, detail of denoted dorsal setae; 40, chelicera, detail of movable digit; 41, chelicera, dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.