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63 results for “Native Seeds”
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Increased diversity of the regional species pool via seeding augments establishment of native species in experimental vacant lot restorations
The harsh geophysical template characterized by the urban environment combined with people’s choices has led ecologists to invoke environmental filtering as the main ecological phenomena explaining urban biodiversity patterns. Yet, dispersal is often overlooked as a driving factor, especially on expanding vacant land. Does overcoming dispersal limitation by seeding native species in urban environments and increasing the functional or phylogenetic diversity of the seeding pool increase native plant species diversity and abundance in urban vacant land? We took an experimental approach to learn how different dimensions of plant biodiversity within an augmented regional species pool, via seed additions, can explain variation in community structure over a 3-year period. Vacant lots were cleared and manipulated with seeding treatments of high or low phylogenetic and functional diversities from a pool of 28 native species. Establishment success, total native cover and native species richness were followed and compared to cleared, unseeded control lots as well as un-manipulated lots. Seeding increased native plant abundance and richness over uncleared plots, as well as cleared and unseeded control plots. Phylogenetically diverse seed mixtures had greater establishment success than mixtures composed of closely related species. Diversifying seed mixtures increased the likelihood of including species that are better able to establish on vacant land. However, there were no differences in varying levels of either functional or phylogenetic diversity. Augmenting the regional species pool via diverse seed mixtures can enhance native plant cover and richness under the harsh environmental conditions conferred by land abandonment.
Establishment from seed is more important for exotic than for native plant species
<p>Climate change has initiated the movement of both native and non-native (exotic) species across the landscape. Exotic species are hypothesized to establish from seed more readily than comparable native species. We tested the hypothesis that seed limitation is more important for exotic species than native grassland species. We compared seed limitation and invasion resistance over three growing seasons between 18 native and 18 exotic species, grown in both monocultures and mixtures in a field experiment. Half of the plots received a seed mix of the contrasting treatment (i.e. exotic species were seeded into native plots, and native species were seeded into exotic plots), and half served as controls. We found that 1) establishment in this perennial grassland is seed limited, 2) establishment from seed is greater in exotic than native species, and 3) community resistance to seedling establishment was positively related diversity of extant species, but only in native communities. Native-exotic species diversity and composition differences did not converge over time. Our results imply that native-to-exotic transformations occur when diversity declines in native vegetation and exotic seeds arrive from adjacent sites, suggesting that managing for high diversity will reduce transformations to exotic dominance.</p>
Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings?
<p>Ecological restoration frequently involves the addition of native plants, but the effectiveness (in terms of plant growth, plant survival, and cost) of using seeds versus container plants has not been studied in many plant communities. It is also not known if plant success would vary by species or based on functional traits. To answer these questions, we added several shrub species to a coastal sage scrub restoration site as seeds or as seedlings in a randomized block design. We measured percent cover, density, species richness, size, survival, and costs. Over the two years of the study, shrubs added to the site as seeds grew more and continued to have greater density than plants added from containers. Seeded plots also had greater native species richness than planted plots. However, shrubs from containers had higher survival rates, and percent cover was comparable between the planted and seeded treatments. Responses varied by species depending on functional traits, with deep-rooted evergreen species establishing better from container plants. Our cost analysis showed that it is more expensive to use container plants than seed, with most of the costs attributed to labor and supplies needed to grow plants. Our measurements of shrub density, survival, species richness, and growth in two years in our experimental plots lead us to conclude that coastal sage scrub restoration with seeds is optimal for increasing density and species richness with limited funds, yet the addition of some species from container plants may be necessary if key species are desired as part of the project objectives.</p>
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in a locally abundant native bunchgrass (Achnatherum thurberianum) including distinct lineages revealed within seed transfer zones
<p>Analyses of the factors shaping genetic variation in widespread plant species are important for understanding evolutionary history and local adaptation and have applied significance for guiding conservation and restoration decisions. Thurber's needlegrass (<em>Achnatherum</em> <em>thurberianum</em>) is a widespread, locally abundant grass that inhabits heterogeneous arid environments of western North America and is of restoration significance. It is a common component of shrubland steppe communities in the Great Basin Desert, where drought, fire, and invasive grasses have degraded natural communities. Using a reduced representation sequencing approach, we generated SNP data at 5,677 loci across 246 individuals from 17 <em>A. thurberianum</em> populations spanning five previously delineated seed zones from the western Great Basin. Analyses revealed pronounced population genetic structure, with individuals forming consistent geographical clusters across a variety of population genetic analyses and spatial scales. Low levels of genetic diversity within populations, as well as high population estimates of linkage disequilibrium and relatedness, were consistent with self-fertilization as a contributor to population differentiation. Variance partitioning and partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) indicated local adaptation to environment as additionally influencing the spatial distribution of genetic variation. The environmental variables driving these results were similar to those implicated in recent genecological work which inferred local adaptation for seed zone delineation. Our analyses also revealed a complex evolutionary history of <em>A. thurberianum</em> in the Great Basin, where previously delineated seed zones contain distantly related populations. Our results indicate evolutionary history, mating system, and differentiation across distinct geographic and environmental scales have shaped genetic variation in <em>A. thurberianum</em> and illustrate how numerous aspects of population genetic variation might require consideration for restoration planning.</p>
Seasonal variation in impact of non-native species on tropical seed dispersal networks
<p>Invasive non-native species can alter animal-mediated seed dispersal interactions and ultimately affect the stability of recipient communities. The degree of such disturbances, however, is highly variable and depends on several factors, two of which have received little attention: the relative timing of native and non-native fruiting phenologies, and the associated variation in relative resource availability across the fruiting period. Both are likely to alter plant-seed disperser interactions threatened by biological invasions. Here we investigated the impact of plant invasions on the seasonal dynamics of frugivory and seed dispersal networks across a large-scale experimental setup and a plant invasion gradient on a tropical island. We recorded fruit and frugivore abundances, and plant-frugivore interactions across 8 inselbergs (i.e. rocky outcrops) with different levels of plant invasion during 10 months on the island of Mahé, Seychelles. By combining four sampling methods of plant-frugivore interactions we constructed quantitative seed dispersal networks at all sites across two 5-month seasons: the on-peak and off-peak fruiting season. Our findings showed that, by fruiting mostly synchronously with natives, non-native plants compete with natives for dispersal services, predominantly carried out by native frugivores. Variation in native seed dispersal was driven by plant invasion and seasonality. Specifically, native seed dispersal declined with the degree of invasion; dispersal frequency increased with fruit abundance more strongly during the off-peak fruiting season; and networks became increasingly specialised during off-peak. These results indicated that during the main fruiting peak seed dispersal services were saturated, which likely intensified the competition between native and non-native fruits. When resources were scarce during off-peak fruiting season, native and non-native frugivores were more selective in their fruit choice at sites dominated by non-native plants. We showed that native plant and frugivore populations and native seed dispersal interactions were more vulnerable in invaded plant communities, where non-native plants compete with natives for dispersal services potentially reducing native recruitment. As invasive non-native plants dominate many ecosystems worldwide, particularly on islands, our findings showed that controlling plant invasions in vulnerable native communities can be critical to maintain native ecosystem functions and biodiversity.</p>
A non-native earthworm shifts the seed predation dynamics of a native weed
<p class="BodyAA"><span>Seed predators both consume and disperse seeds, with important consequences for the population dynamics of many plant species. The net effect of multiple seed predators depends on the relative proportion of the seed pool each predator obtains, and this proportion should reflect species-specific habitat preferences. We studied the effect of the non-native earthworm, <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>, on seed loss dynamics in the native weed, <i>Ambrosia trifida</i> (giant ragweed)<i>. </i>Giant ragweed seeds are predated by mice, but <i>L. terrestris</i> may protect the seeds against rodent predation by caching them in its burrows. We investigated these interactions, as well as how environmental factors affected net seed losses by competing seed predators. </span></p> <p class="Default">A two-year field study was conducted in which we measured removal of experimentally dispersed giant ragweed seeds by earthworms and mice in habitats varying in plant cover. We analyzed the relative proportion of seeds taken by each species under the varying experimental conditions. </p> <p class="Default">Species-specific responses to abiotic conditions and plant cover drove variation in the share of seeds taken by earthworms versus mice, with earthworms gaining relatively more seeds under warmer, wetter conditions and low plant cover habitats, and mice obtaining more seeds under colder, drier conditions and high plant cover habitats. </p> <p class="Default">Plant cover and weather conditions also determined which predator species accessed seeds first, and this conferred a competitive advantage that was compounded over time.</p> <p class="Default">Earthworms cached some seeds under all experimental conditions, suggesting that <i>L. terrestris </i>can<i> </i>act mutualistically with giant ragweed by making seeds inaccessible to rodent seed predators. </p> <p class="Default"><i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Our results support the view that interactions among the environment and competing seed predators determine the fate of seed pools. The data also support the hypothesis that <i>L. terrestris</i> facilitates giant ragweed by competing with mice for giant ragweed seeds, likely contributing to its spread across the landscape and hindering effective weed management. <i>Lumbricus terrestris </i>is prevalent throughout temperate regions and may similarly affect seed predation dynamics of other large-seeded species, impacting plant communities across a range of habitats.</p>
seed germination data of species native to the Sahara
<p>Germination data of 43 species native to and dominant in camel rangelands in Saharan Algeria :</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><em>Agathophora alopecuroides</em> (Delile) Fenzl ex Bunge</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Anabasis articulata </em>(Forssk.) Moq.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Atriplex dimorphostegia</em> Kar. & Kir.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Bassia muricata</em> (L.) Asch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Cornulaca monacantha </em>Delile</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Ammodaucus leucotrichus</em> Coss. & Durieu</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Foeniculum vulgare </em>Mill.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Pergularia tomentosa </em>L.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Asphodelus tenuifolius </em>Cav.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Cotula cinerea </em>Delile</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Ifloga spicata </em>(Forssk.) Sch.Bip</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Launaea capitata</em> (Spreng.) Dandy</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Launaea nudicaulis</em> (L.) Hook. F.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Perralderia coronopifolia</em> Coss.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Scorzonera laciniata</em> L.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Echium trygorrhizum </em>Pomel.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Moltkiopsis ciliata </em>(Forssk.) I. M. Johnst.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Diplotaxis harra </em>(Forssk.) Boiss.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Eremobium aegyptiacum </em>(Spreng.) Asch. & Schweinf. ex Boiss.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Henophyton deserti </em>Coss. & Durieu</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Savignya parviflora </em>subsp. <em>longistyla</em> (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Sisymbrium reboudianum </em>Verl<em>.</em></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Paronychia arabica </em>(L.) DC.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Polycarpaea robbairea </em>(Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Spergularia salina</em> J. & C.Presl</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Helianthemum lippii </em>(L.) Dum. Cours.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Cleome africana </em>Botsch.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Euphorbia guyoniana </em>Boiss. & Reut.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Argyrolobium uniflorum</em> (Dc) Jaub. & Spach</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Astragalus arpilobus </em>subsp. <em>hauarensis</em> (Boiss.) Podlech</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Astragalus boeticus</em> L.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Astragalus gombo</em> Bunge</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Astragalus mareoticus</em> Delile</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Erodium glaucophyllum </em>L’Héritier</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Neurada procumbens </em>L.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Plantago ciliata </em>Desf.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Limoniastrum guyonianum</em> Boiss.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Centropodia forsskalii </em>(Vahl) Cope</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Sphenopus divaricatus </em>(Gouan) Rchb.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Stipagrostis plumosa </em>(L.) Munro ex T. Anderson</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Stipagrostis pungens </em>(Desf.) De Winter</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Fagonia glutinosa </em>Delile</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Peganum harmala </em>L.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Seed size, seed dispersal traits, and plant dispersion patterns for native and introduced grassland plants
<p>Most terrestrial plants disperse by seeds, yet the relationship between seed mass, seed dispersal traits, and plant dispersion is poorly understood. We quantified seed traits for 48 species of native and introduced plants from grasslands of western Montana, USA, to investigate the relationships between seed traits and plant dispersion patterns. Additionally, because the linkage between dispersal traits and dispersion patterns might be stronger for actively dispersing species, we compared these patterns between native and introduced plants. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of a global trait database, the TRY plant traits database, versus locally collected data for examining these questions.</p> <p>This archive contains species-level data used in analyses, including species metadata (origin, growth form), mean values of measured seed traits (size metrics and type of dispersal structures), two metrics of dispersion (local and broad scales, respectively) derived from grassland surveys in the study region, and information on the seed mass accessed from the TRY traits database. Note that the latter seed mass data could not be included in the archive, but can be acquired directly from the TRY plant traits database (<a href="https://www.try-db.org/TryWeb/Home.php">https://www.try-db.org/TryWeb/Home.php</a>).</p>
Seed weight of Erodium cicutarium in its native and two invaded ranges
<p>This dataset provides seed weights of the plant <em>Erodium cicutarium </em>in its native range in Germany as well as two invaded ranges, California (US) and Chile. The dataset is related to the following publication:</p> <p>Heger, T., Nikles, G., & Jacobs, B. S. (2018). Differentiation in native as well as introduced ranges: Germination reflects mean and variance in cover of surrounding vegetation. Aob Plants, ply009-ply009. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply009</p>
Data from: Non-native mammals are weak candidates to substitute ecological function of native avian seed-dispersers in an island ecosystem
<p>Although prominent examples exist of non-native species causing substantial ecological harm, many have neutral or positive effects, including filling surrogate roles once performed by extinct native organisms. We tested the ecological roles of two non-native mammals as seed dispersers or seed predators in Guåhan, which, due to invasive brown treesnakes (<em>Boiga</em> <em>irregularis</em>), is devoid of native seed dispersers – birds and bats. We conducted feeding trials with captive rats (<em>Rattus</em> spp.), which are present but uncommon due to predation by snakes, and pigs (<em>Sus</em> <em>scrofa</em>), which are abundant. We examined if and how they interacted with common forest fruits. We then compared how any gut-passed or handled seeds germinated compared to seeds left in whole fruit or depulped seeds.</p> <p>Rats and pigs interacted with most of the fruits and seeds (>80%) that they were fed. Of those, most seeds were destroyed – 78% for rats and 90% for pigs, across both native and non-native plant species. Compared to seeds germinating within whole fruits, rats improved germination of the seeds that they handled without ingesting, while pigs diminished the germination of seeds that they handled. The small percentage of seeds (approximately 1.5% for rats and 5% for pigs) that survived gut passage germinated in higher proportions than those in whole fruits. Percentages of seed survival to germination are lower than those found in similar studies with native avian frugivores. Our results indicate that pigs and rats have mixed effects on seeds, but are not suitable surrogates for native seed dispersers.</p>
Data used in: The causes and consequences of seed size variation in the California-native annual species, Nemophila menziesii
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Spillover effects from invasive Acacia alter the plant-pollinator networks and seed production of native plants
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Seed size, seed dispersal traits, and plant dispersion patterns for native and introduced grassland plants
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Data from: The effects of native seed mix composition and sowing density on plant community reassembly in wetlands
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Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings?
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Data from: Non-native mammals are weak candidates to substitute ecological function of native avian seed-dispersers in an island ecosystem
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Establishment from seed is more important for exotic than for native plant species
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Data from: putting seed traits into pellets: using seed mass data to improve seed encapsulation technology for native plant revegetation
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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure in a locally abundant native bunchgrass (Achnatherum thurberianum) including distinct lineages revealed within seed transfer zones
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A non-native earthworm shifts the seed predation dynamics of a native weed
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.