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44 results for “Natural disturbance”
Figure 1 in Deadwood and saproxylic beetle diversity in naturally disturbed and managed spruce forests in Nova Scotia
Figure 1. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination diagrams of forest sites in two-dimensional space defined by (A) beetle assemblage and (B) habitat structures. Symbols signify disturbance history class of forests: 1= CLEARCUT, D= THINNED, ·= FIRE, and Ɨ= WIND. Numbers identify the specific forest. Forest number 25 was excluded as an outlier in (B) due to much higher deadwood volumes than all other sites.
Fig. 3 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 3. Principal Components Analysis of the environmental variables' matrixes recorded in the upper Uruguay River between October 2001 and March 2004. Sampling sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó and UCH: Uruguay-Chapecó. Reproductive Periods: RP1: First Reproductive Period, RP2: Second Reproductive Period and RP3: Third Reproductive Period.
Fig. 2 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 2. Abundance of fish larvae in different stages of development recorded in the sampling sites of the upper Uruguay River from October 2001 to March 2004. Larval development stages: LY = Larval Yolk; PF = Pre-flexion; FL = Flexion and FP = Post-flexion. Sampling sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó and UCH: Uruguay- Chapecó. Reproductive Periods: RP1: First Reproductive Period, RP2: Second Reproductive Period and RP3: Third Reproductive Period.
Fig. 1 in Temporal variability of fish larvae assemblages: influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances
Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites in the upper Uruguay River in southern Brazil. Samplings sites: LIG: Ligeiro, ULIG: Uruguay-Ligeiro, CH: Chapecó, UCH: Uruguay-Chapecó.
Figure 2 in Deadwood and saproxylic beetle diversity in naturally disturbed and managed spruce forests in Nova Scotia
Figure 2. Species-sample curves for each forest disturbance class.
Data from: Quantifying natural disturbances using a large-scale dendrochronological reconstruction to guide forest management
Estimates of historical disturbance patterns are essential to guide forest management aimed at ensuring the sustainability of ecosystem functions and biodiversity. However, quantitative estimates of various disturbance characteristics required in management applications are rare in longer-term historical studies. Thus, our objectives were to: (1) quantify past disturbance severity, patch size, and stand proportion disturbed, and (2) test for temporal and sub-regional differences in these characteristics. We developed a comprehensive dendrochronological method to evaluate an approximately two-century-long disturbance record in the remaining Central and Eastern European primary mountain spruce forests, where wind and bark beetles are the predominant disturbance agents. We used an unprecedented large-scale nested design dataset of 541 plots located within 44 stands and 6 sub-regions. To quantify individual disturbance events, we used tree-ring proxies, which were aggregated at plot and stand levels by smoothing and detecting peaks in their distributions. The spatial aggregation of disturbance events was used to estimate patch sizes. Data exhibited continuous gradients from low- to high-severity and small- to large-size disturbance events. In addition to the importance of small disturbance events, moderate-scale (25-75% of the stand disturbed, >10 ha patch size) and moderate-severity (25-75% of canopy disturbed) events were also common. Moderate disturbances represented more than 50% of the total disturbed area and their rotation periods ranged from one to several hundred years, which is within the lifespan of local tree species. Disturbance severities differed among sub-regions, whereas the stand proportion disturbed varied significantly over time. This indicates partially independent variations among disturbance characteristics. Our quantitative estimates of disturbance severity, patch size, stand proportion disturbed, and associated rotation periods provide rigorous baseline data for future ecological research, decisions within biodiversity conservation, and silviculture intended to maintain native biodiversity and ecosystem functions. These results highlight a need for sufficiently large and adequately connected networks of strict reserves, more complex silvicultural treatments that emulate the natural disturbance spectrum in harvest rotation times, sizes, and intensities, and higher levels of tree and structural legacy retention.
Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China
<p>This version updates the dataset to reflect revised analyses in the resubmitted manuscript to Ecology and Evolution.</p> <p><strong>Title:</strong><br><strong>Data and Code for "Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China"</strong></p> <p><strong>Description:</strong><br>This dataset contains the raw data and R scripts used to generate specific figures in the manuscript <em>"Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China,"</em> submitted to <em>Ecology and Evolution</em>. The data were collected from infrared camera traps deployed in the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China, between 2019 and 2022. The dataset includes species detection records, timestamps, and information relevant to assessing the effects of human disturbance on wildlife activity patterns.</p> <p>The accompanying R scripts facilitate data processing, statistical analyses, and figure generation, enabling reproduction of the key results. This dataset may be useful for researchers interested in spatiotemporal wildlife monitoring, human-wildlife interactions, and disturbance ecology.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li>raw data (Excel format, <code>.xlsx</code>)</li> <li>R scripts for data analysis and figure generation of <strong>Figures 3-5</strong> (from the raw data file "raw data.xlsx") (Text format, .doc).</li> <li> <p><strong>Figure 1</strong>: Created using <span>ArcMap 10.8 software</span> and Photoshop software. <span>ArcMap 10.8 software </span>was used for processing spatial data and map creation, while Photoshop was used for post-processing and image enhancement.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Figure 2 and Appendix Figure. A1</strong>: Designed and modified using Photoshop software.</p> </li> </ul>
Short-term social dynamics following anthropogenic and natural disturbances in a free-living mammal
<p><span>Anthropogenic disturbances are widely recognized for their </span><span>far-reaching consequences on the survival and reproduction of wildlife, but we understand comparatively little about their effects on the social lives of group-living animals. </span><span>Here we </span><span>examined these short-term changes in affiliative behavior as part of a long-term study </span><span>on a </span><span>human-tolerant and socially flexible population of California ground squirrels </span><span>(<em>Otospermophilus beecheyi</em>).</span><span> We </span><span>used social network analysis to examine</span><span> short-term changes in affiliative behavior and individual consistency in response to disturbances by humans, domestic dogs, or a natural predator (the coyote). </span><span>Overall, juveniles were more involved than adults in affiliative interactions, but the short-term directional effects of these acute disturbances on social cohesion varied by disturbance type. Human and dog presence reduced aboveground connectivity, particularly for juveniles, whereas disturbances by coyotes generally promoted it. Beyond these effects, we also detected non-random responses to disturbances, though individuals were not very consistent in their directional response to different disturbance types. </span><span>Our results demonstrate the flexible changes in social behavior triggered by short-term disturbances imposed by humans and other threats. </span><span>More generally, our findings elucidate the underappreciated sensitivity of animal social interactions to short-term ecological disturbances, raising key questions about their consequences on the social lives of animals.</span></p>
Data from: Quantifying natural disturbances using a large-scale dendrochronological reconstruction to guide forest management
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Data from: Cumulative energetic costs of military aircraft, recreational and natural disturbance in roosting shorebirds
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Supplementary disturbance figures for quantifying impacts of natural gas development on forests.
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Density as a mechanism linking habitat disturbance to increased disease prevalence: evidence from a natural experiment
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Short-term social dynamics following anthropogenic and natural disturbances in a free-living mammal
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Data from: Disruption of natural disturbance regime decouples habitat and life stage in a keystone species
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Data from: Natural disturbances can produce misleading bioassessment results: identifying metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts in intermittent rivers
<p>Ecosystems experience natural disturbances and anthropogenic impacts that affect biological communities and ecological processes. When natural disturbance modifies anthropogenic impacts, current widely used bioassessment metrics can prevent accurate assessment of biological quality.</p> <p>Our aim was to assess the ability of biomonitoring metrics to detect anthropogenic impacts at both perennial and intermittent sites, and in the latter including both flowing and disconnected pool aquatic phases. Specifically, aquatic macroinvertebrates from 20 rivers were sampled along gradients of natural flow intermittence (natural disturbance) and anthropogenic impacts to investigate their combined effects on widely used river biomonitoring metrics (i.e. taxonomic richness and standard biological indices) and novel functional metrics, including functional redundancy (i.e. the number of taxa contributing similarly to an ecosystem function, here a trophic function) and response diversity (i.e. how functionally similar taxa respond to natural disturbance and anthropogenic impacts).</p> <p>Our results showed that natural flow intermittence can confound river bioassessment, and that a set of new functional metrics could be used as effective alternatives to standard metrics in naturally disturbed intermittent rivers.</p>
Data from: Human disturbance causes the formation of a hybrid swarm between two naturally sympatric fish species
Most evidence for hybrid swarm formation stemming from anthropogenic habitat disturbance comes from the breakdown of reproductive isolation between incipient species, or introgression between allopatric species following secondary contact. Human impacts on hybridization between divergent species that naturally occur in sympatry has received considerably less attention. Theory predicts that reinforcement should act to preserve reproductive isolation under such circumstances, potentially making reproductive barriers resistant to human habitat alteration. Using 15 microsatellites we examined hybridization between sympatric populations of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) to test whether the frequency of hybridization and pattern of introgression have been impacted by the construction of a dam that isolated formerly anadromous populations of both species in a landlocked freshwater reservoir. The frequency of hybridization and pattern of introgression differed markedly between anadromous and landlocked populations. The range-wide frequency of hybridization among anadromous populations was generally 0-8%, whereas all landlocked individuals were hybrids. Although neutral introgression was observed among anadromous hybrids, directional introgression leading to increased prevalence of alewife genotypes was detected among landlocked hybrids. We demonstrate that habitat alteration can lead to hybrid swarm formation between divergent species that naturally occur sympatrically, and provide empirical evidence that reinforcement does not always sustain reproductive isolation under such circumstances.
Data from: Demographic stimulation of the obligate understorey herb, Panax quinquefolius L., in response to natural forest canopy disturbances
1.Natural and anthropogenic forest canopy disturbances significantly alter forest dynamics and lead to multi-dimensional shifts in the forest understorey. An understorey plant's ability to exploit alterations to the light environment caused by canopy disturbance leads to changes in population dynamics. The purpose of this work was to determine if population growth of a species adapted to low light increases in response to additional light inputs caused by canopy disturbance, or alternatively, declines due to long-term selection under low light conditions. 2.To address this question, we quantified the demographic response of an understorey herb to three contrasting forest canopy disturbances (ice storms, tent caterpillar defoliation and lightning strikes) that encompass a broad range of disturbance severity. We used a model shade-adapted understorey species, Panax quinquefolius, to parameterize stage-based matrix models. Asymptotic growth rates, stochastic growth rates and simulations of transient dynamics were used to quantify the population-level response to canopy disturbance. Life table response experiments were used to partition the underlying controls over differences in population growth rates. 3.Population growth rates at all three disturbed sites increased in the transition period immediately after the canopy disturbance relative to the transition period prior to disturbance. Stochastic population models revealed that growth rates increased significantly in simulations that included disturbance matrices relative to those simulations that excluded disturbance. Additionally, transient models indicated that population size (n) was larger for all three populations when the respective disturbance matrix was included in the model. 4.Synthesis Obligate shade species are most likely to be pre-adapted to take advantage of canopy gaps and light influx to a degree, and this pre-adaptation may be due to long-term selection under dynamic old growth forest canopies. We propose a model whereby population performance is represented by a parabolic curve where performance is maximized under intermediate levels of canopy disturbance. This study provides new evidence to aid our understanding of the population-level response of understorey herbs to disturbances whose frequency and intensity are predicted to increase as global climates continue to shift.
Figure 4 in Tardigrade diversity: an evaluation of natural and disturbed environments of the province of Salta (Argentina)
Figure 4. Partition of gamma diversity into its alpha and beta components and the relationship between observed and expected diversity at each partition level. *Statistically significant differences between two values.
Figure 2 in Tardigrade diversity: an evaluation of natural and disturbed environments of the province of Salta (Argentina)
Figure 2. Comparison of tardigrade community structure in selected habitats of Salta province (Argentina) by Whittaker curves, where the species are ordered from most to least abundant. The native community fits better to a broken-stick model showing evenness, meanwhile the log series model best describes the data of urban and rural tardigrade communities.
Figure 3 in Tardigrade diversity: an evaluation of natural and disturbed environments of the province of Salta (Argentina)
Figure 3. NMS showing the similitude of tardigrade assemblages from the sampled communities ordered by habitat on the first axis.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.