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Figs 28–37 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 28–37. Male genitalia of species of Belostoma: phallosoma (phallotheca, dorsal arms, and diverticulum). 28–29. Belostoma anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848). 28. Dorsal and ventral view. 29. Lateral view. 30–31. B. dentatum (Mayr, 1863). 30. Dorsal and ventral view. 31. Lateral view. 32–33. B. elongatum Montandon, 1908. 32. Dorsal and ventral view. 33. Lateral view. 34– 35. B. micantulum (Stål, 1860). 34. Dorsal and ventral view. 35. Lateral view. 36–37. B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, 2008. 36. Dorsal and ventral view. 37. Lateral view. Scale bars: 28–29 = 1 mm; 30–33 = 0.5 mm; 34–37 = 0.2 mm.

Figs 38–41 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 38–41. Geographic distribution of Belostoma in Brazil: yellow circles and gray stars indicate known record, red circles and stars indicate new records. 38. Belostoma bosqi De Carlo, 1932 and B. costalimai De Carlo, 1938. 39. B. anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) and B. dentatum (Mayr, 1863). 40. B. elongatum Montandon, 1908 and B. harrisi Lauck, 1964. 41. B. dilatatum (Dufour, 1863) and B. gestroi Montandon, 1900.

Figs 23–27 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 23–27. Lateral view of the head, pronotum and prosternal keel of examined species of Belostomatidae. 23. Belostoma anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848). 24. B. dentatum (Mayr, 1863). 25. B. elongatum Montandon, 1908. 26. B. micantulum (Stål, 1860). 27. B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, 2008. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figs 9–16 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 9–16. Dorsal and ventral habitus of examined species of Belostomatidae. 9. Belostoma discretum Montandon, 1903, ♂, Carolina municipality. 10. B. micantulum (Stål, 1860), ♂, Caxias municipality. 11. B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, 2008, ♂, Caxias municipality. 12. B. aurivillianum (Montandon, 1899), ♂, Cândido Mendes municipality. 13. B. stollii (Amyot & Serville, 1843), ♀, Cândido Mendes municipality. 14. Lethocerus annulipes (Herrich-Schäffer, 1845), ♂, Ubajara municipality. 15. L. delpontei De Carlo, 1930, ♂, Caxias municipality. 16. L. maximus De Carlo, 1938, ♀, Riachão municipality. Scale bars: 9–11, 14–16 = 10 mm; 12–13 = 1 mm.

Figs 17–22 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 17–22. Dorsal view of the head and part of the pronotum of examined species of Belostomatidae. 17. Belostoma anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848), ♀, Caracol municipality. 18. B. dentatum (Mayr, 1863), ♀, Carolina municipality. 19. B. elongatum Montandon, 1908, ♀, Carolina municipality. 20. B. harrisi Lauck, 1964, ♀, Carolina municipality. 21. B. micantulum (Stål, 1860), ♂, Caxias municipality. 22. B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, 2008, ♂, Caxias municipality. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figs 1–8 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 1–8. Dorsal and ventral habitus of males of examined species of Belostomatidae. 1. Belostoma bosqi De Carlo, 1932, ♂, Carolina municipality. 2. B. costalimai De Carlo, 1938, ♀, Caxias municipality. 3. B. anurum (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848), ♀, Caracol municipality. 4. B. dentatum (Mayr, 1863), ♀, Carolina municipality. 5. B. elongatum Montandon, 1908, ♀, Cândido Mendes municipality. 6. B. harrisi Lauck, 1964, ♀, Carolina municipality. 7. B. dilatatum (Dufour, 1863), ♂, Carolina municipality. 8. B. gestroi Montandon, 1900, ♂, Carolina municipality. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figs 42–45. 42–44 in Belostomatidae Leach, 1815 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of northeastern Brazil

Figs 42–45. 42–44. Geographic distribution of Belostoma in Brazil: yellow circles and gray stars indicate known records, red circles and stars indicate new records. 42. Belostoma discretum Montandon, 1903. 43. B. micantulum (Stål, 1860) and B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, 2008. 44. B. aurivillianum (Montandon, 1899) and B. stollii (Amyot & Serville, 1843). 45. Distribution of Lethocerus annulipes (Herrich-Schäffer, 1845), L. delpontei De Carlo, 1930 and L. maximus De Carlo, 1938: yellow circles, gray stars, and orange cross indicate known records, red circles, stars, and cross indicate new records.

Figs. 30-32 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 30-32. Selected ultrastructural aspects of adult female internal reproductive system. Ultrastructure of oocyte and cytoplasmatic cord, TEM micrographs. 30 – surface and cortical cytoplasmatic area of oocyte rich on membranes of endoplasmatic reticulum; 31 – late state of vitellogenesis – cytoplasm of vitellogenetic oocyte with large yolk granula (blackish); 32 – mitochondria of cytoplasmatic trophic cord nourishing oocyte.

Figs. 26-29 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 26-29. Selected histological and ultrastructural aspects of adult female internal reproductive system. Follicular cells and oocytes, TEM micrographs. 26 – follicular cells with large nuclei forming unilayered follicular epithelium of egg chambers; 27 – previtellogenetic oocytes connected by cytoplasmatic bridges; 28 – same, higher magnification; 29 – start of vitellogenesis, yolk granula forming in cytoplasm of vitellogenetic oocyte.

Figs. 5-8 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 5-8. Differentiation of terminal portions of outflow ways in males (dorsal view, semischematic). 5 – nymph of instar 1, beginning of terminal ampullae formation; 6 – nymph of instar 2, beginning of ectodermal outflow ways and paired mesodermal accessory glands formation; 7 – nymph of instar 3, beginning of unpaired ectodermal accessory gland formation; 8 – nymph of instar 4, beginning of phallus formation. Abbreviations: ect – anlage of ectodermal accessory gland; ed – anlages of ejaculatory duct; hs8 and hs9 – hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9 (this structure forms the anlages of genital capsule of nymphal instars 3 and 4); mes – anlages of mesodermal accessory glands; ph – anlage of phallus; tavd – terminal ampullae of vasa deferentia. Vertical lines = cavities of mesodermal structures (localised ventrally); dots = cavities of ectodermal structures (localised dorsally).

Figs.17-18 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs.17-18. Adult female internal reproductive system (dorsal view). 17 – teneral female (immature female early after last moulting); 18 – fully mature, egg-laying female. Abbreviations: bc – bursa copulatrix; che – chorionated egg; cl – corpus luteum; co – common oviduct; ge – germarium; lo – lateral oviduct; lovl – lumen of ovariole; o – oocyte; ovl – ovariole; sc – spermatheca; tf – terminal filament; va – vagina; vi – vitellarium.

Figs. 19-25 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 19-25. Selected histological aspects of adult male internal reproductive system. 19-21 – light microscope photographs; 22-25 – TEM micrographs. 19 – continual multiwaved spermatogenesis in adult male, about four weeks after final moult, gonocytes; 20 – secretion of paired mesodermal accessory gland (transverse section of mesadenium); 21 – secretion of unpaired ectodermal accessory gland (transverse section of ectadenium); 22 – cysts of secondary spermatocytes; 23 – presperms, transverse section; 24 – spermatozoa, transverse section; 25 – spermatozoan flagellum, longitudinal section.Abbreviations: sp I – primary spermatocytes; sp II – secondary spermatocytes; st – spermatids; sm – spermatozoa.

Figs. 11-12 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 11-12. Male internal reproductive system (dorsal view). 11 – nymphal instar 5 (pharate imago before moulting; left testis and outflow ways omitted); 12 – mature adult (right testis and outflow ways omitted). Abbreviations: bm – bifurcation of paired mesodermal accessory glands; ect – unpaired ectodermal accessory gland; ed – ejaculatory duct; mes – mesodermal accessory gland; sv – seminal vesicle; tes – testis; tl – testicular follicles; ttl – proximal part of testicular follicles (= expanded vasa efferentia forming 'accessory seminal vesicles'); vd – vas deferens.

Figs. 13-16 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 13-16. Female internal reproductive system of nymphal stages, ovarium and terminal portion of outflow ways (dorsal view, semischematic). 13 – nymph of instar 3, beginning of ectodermal invagination of outflow ways; 14 – nymph of instar 3, right ovary; 15 – nymph of late instar 4, beginning of evagination of spermatheca and bursa copulatrix, hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9 forming anlages of all three pairs of valvules; 16 – nymph of instar 5, same as in Fig. 15. Abbreviations: bc – evagination of bursa copulatrix; ew – wall of ectodermal invagination; g – gonapophyse; hs 8 and hs 9 – hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9; lo – lateral oviduct; sc – anlage of spermatheca; talo – terminal ampulla of lateral oviduct; 1v – first valvula; 2v – second valvula; va & oc – anlage of vagina and common oviduct. Vertical lines = cavities of the lateral oviducts; dots = anlages of vagina and common oviduct; horizontal lines = cavity of anlage of spermatheca; oblique lines = cavity of anlage of bursa copulatrix.

Figs. 9-10 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 9-10. Male internal reproductive system of a nymph of early instar 5 (dorsal view, semischematic). 9 – location of male reproductive system in abdominal cavity; 10 – terminal parts of outflow ways and hypodermal anlage of genital capsule. Abbreviations: ect – anlages of ectodermal accessory glands; ed – anlage of ejaculatory duct; gc – anlage of genital capsule; mes – anlages of mesodermal accessory glands; ph – anlage of phallus; S3-S9 – abdominal sterna 3-9; tes – testis; vd – vas deferens.

Figs. 1-4 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 1-4. Right testis of the first four nymphal instars (caudal view). 1 – nymph of instar 1, testicular follicles discernable; 2 – nymph of instar 2, beginning of testicular follicles differentiation; 3 – nymph of instar 3, testicular follicles distinguishable, divided into two groups (2+2); 4 – nymph of late instar 4, testicular follicles fully differentiated, period of rapid growth of their basal parts, apical parts slightly coiled.

Figs. 15-18 in Notes on aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) from Malesia with description of three new species

Figs. 15-18. Neusterensifer stysi sp. nov. 15-17 – J (paratype). 15 – apex of abdomen, ventral view, segment IX and proctiger removed; 16 – process of proctiger; 17 – fore leg. 18 –♀ (paratype), apex of abdomen, lateral view. Scales: Figs. 15 and 17 = 0.25 mm, Fig. 16 = 0.1 mm, Fig. 18 = 0.5 mm.

Figs. 1-6. 1-5 in Notes on aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) from Malesia with description of three new species

Figs. 1-6. 1-5 – Micronecta lumutensis sp. nov., J (paratype). 1 – fore leg; 2 – apex of abdomen in dorsal view; 3 – strigil; 4 – free lobe of left part of tergite VIII; 5 – right paramere. 6 – Micronecta skutalis Nieser & Chen, 1999, right paramere. Scales = 0.1 mm except Fig. 2 = 0.25 mm.

Figs. 7-13. 7-9 in Notes on aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) from Malesia with description of three new species

Figs. 7-13. 7-9 – Micronecta lumutensis sp. nov., J (paratype). 7 – prestigilar lobe; 8 – median lobe of abdominal sternite VII; 9 – left paramere, lateral view. 10-13 – Enithares rinjani sp. nov., J (holotype). 10 – genital capsule; 11 – right paramere, mesal view; 12 – trochanter and femur of middle leg, ventral view; 13 – metasternal xiphus.