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86 results for “Nest structure”
Fig. 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Fig. 4. Degradation of the Formica rufa complex No. 1 (Feofaniya) in terms of average height (4, A) and diameter (4, B) under conditions of intensive construction and recreation; 4, С, D — diameter and height near the nest complex of F. polyctena No. 4 (surroundings of the Observatory), under conditions of felling of the shrub layer and processing of fallen trunks and branches into wood chips.
Figure 4 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Figure 4 shows the degradation trends for the nest complexes of F. rufa No. 1 (4, A, B), F. polyctena No. 4 (4, C, D). For F. rufa No. 1, there was a sharp decrease in the average diameter of anthills in 2014, and on the contrary, an increase since 2015 (fig. 4, A). In 2016, this indicator remained at approximately the same level, and in 2021 it decreased again. In 2022, this nest complex
Fig. 1 in Changes In The Structure Of Nest Complexes Of The Red Wood Ants Formica Rufa And F. Polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) In Urban Forests
Fig. 1. Location of nest complexes of Formica rufa (diamonds), F. polyctena (triangles) on the territory of the city of Kyiv (Ukraine). The city limits are marked by a red line, the forest areas by dark grey. The numbers correspond to the serial number of each complex.
Fig. 3 in Diversity And Structure Of Nesting Birds In The Coastal Riparian Zones Of Great Kabylia In Algeria
Fig. 3. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) Showing the Avifauna Organization According to the Study Sites and the Environmental Variables.
Рис. 4. Фотографии жиΛых гнезΑ в заказнике «Амурский» на искусственных гнезΑовых треногах (сΛева — «активное», справа — «засеΛенное») Fig. 4. Photos of inhabited nests in the Amursky wildlife reserve that are located on artificial nesting structures ("active" on the left and "inhabited" on the right) in Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe) breeding population survey in the Amur region in 2018-2019
Рис. 4. Фотографии жиΛых гнезΑ в заказнике «Амурский» на искусственных гнезΑовых треногах (сΛева — «активное», справа — «засеΛенное») Fig. 4. Photos of inhabited nests in the Amursky wildlife reserve that are located on artificial nesting structures ("active" on the left and "inhabited" on the right)
Fig. 1 in Relationship Between Grazing Intensity, Vegetation Structure And Survival Of Nests In Semi-Natural Grasslands
Fig. 1. Daily nest survival rate (±SE) for artificial ground nests according to edge vs. interior and grazing intensity in three grassland regions of Hungary
Fig. 2 in Relationship Between Grazing Intensity, Vegetation Structure And Survival Of Nests In Semi-Natural Grasslands
Fig. 2. Grass height and vegetation cover (mean±SE) around predated and not predated (intact) artificial ground nests in Hungarian grasslands. (**: P <0.01; ***: P <0.001)
Figure 1 in Daily activity rhythm of the African stingless bee Hypotrigona gribodoi (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in the dry season, with notes on nest structure and colony composition
Figure 1. Numbers of bees departing from the nest (black) and returning throughout daylight hours. Returning bees are separated into those without (white) and with (gray) loaded pollen baskets
Fig. 5 in Can nesting waterbirds influence the community structure of macroinvertebrates in southern Brazilian intermittent wetlands?
Fig. 5. NMDS ordination diagram of (A) the composition of aQuatic macroinvertebrate communities in control and rookery wetlands in southern Brazil; (B) NMDS ordination diagram of the composition of aQuatic macroinvertebrate communities and sampling seasons. Red arrows indicate the water physicochemical variables significantly correlated (P <0.05) with the ordination, as detected by the envfit procedure. Abbreviation of water physicochemical variables: T (water temperature), MO (organic matter in the sediment), NTU (water turbidity); ORP (oXidation-reduction potential). TaXa abbreviation: Physa/Stenophysa (P.S), Thiaridae (Thr), Sepedon (Spd), Celina (Cln), Hidrophilus (Hdr), Dampfius (Dmp), Notonecta (Ntn), Lissorhoptrus (Lss), Belostoma (Bls), Oxyagrion (OXy), Tramea (Trm), Erythemis (Ery), Ochrotrichia (Och), Isotoma sp. (I), Oribatidae (Orb), Leptophlebia (Lpt), Eristalis (Ers), Amphizoa (Amp), Naucoris (Ncr), Delphacidae (D), Rhyacophila (Rhy), Mesovelia (Msv), Gerris (Grr), Ilybius (Ily), Hydrobiomorpha (Hyd), Berosus (Brs), Laccobius (Lcc), Derallus (Drl), Buenoa (Bun), Ambrysus (Amb), Neoplea (Npl), Perithemis (Prt). (C) projection of the water nutrients significantly correlated (P <0.05) with the ordination of aQuatic macroinvertebrate communities in the first sampling season (spring 2016), as detected by the envfit procedure (Ortoph, orthophosphate).
Fig. 3 in Can nesting waterbirds influence the community structure of macroinvertebrates in southern Brazilian intermittent wetlands?
Fig. 3. Abundance of aQuatic macroinvertebrates in control and rookery wetlands in each sampling season, southern Brazil. Whiskers indicate upper and lower 95% confidence intervals (± standard error).
Fig. 1 in Can nesting waterbirds influence the community structure of macroinvertebrates in southern Brazilian intermittent wetlands?
Fig. 1. Map of the study area with the location of the studied wetlands in southern Brazil. Filled circles indicate the control wetlands (wetlands without the presence of nesting bird colonies). Filled stars indicate the rookery wetlands.
Fig. 4 in Can nesting waterbirds influence the community structure of macroinvertebrates in southern Brazilian intermittent wetlands?
Fig. 4. Relationships between the richness of aQuatic macroinvertebrate communities and water turbidity (A), total solids dissolved (B). Relationships between the abundance of aQuatic macroinvertebrates and nitrate (C) and organic phosphorus (D)(TDS, total dissolved solids).
Figure 2 in Terrestrial and communal nesting in Eupemphix nattereri (Anura, Leiuperidae): interactions with predators and pond structure
Figure 2. Several aspects of the predation of Eupemphix nattereri by the whistling heron (Syrigna sibilatrix). Above: a couple of herons, each one with an adult E. nattereri in the beak. Middle: a male heron with an amplectant pair of E. nattereri in his beak (the male frog did not release the female and both escaped predation). Below: a female heron washing an adult E. nattereri prior to consumption; note the foam released by the frog while being washed. Note also in the above and middle pictures, the communal foam nests at the pond's margin. More illustrations on several aspects of the natural history of the species are at the Amphibiaweb (http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu).
Figure 1 in Terrestrial and communal nesting in Eupemphix nattereri (Anura, Leiuperidae): interactions with predators and pond structure
Figure 1. Above: foam nest anchoring in Eupemphix nattereri. Note that the foam nest (, 40 h old) is on a platform excavated in the soil and far from the water level (thin arrow). There are also platforms (thick arrow) to the left that are unoccupied. Bar,9 cm. Below: a nearly 40-h-old collapsing foam nest. Note the wet mucous string through which the early tadpoles moved towards the water. Scale bar, 6 cm.
Figure 3 in Botanical composition and structure of hummingbird nests in different habitats from northwestern Patagonia (Argentina)
Figure 3. (a, b) Nests of the Green-backed Firecrown Sephanoides sephaniodes: (a) inner cup showing pappi as lining material; (b) nest collected from an urban site, with manufactured cotton in the outer layer. (c, d) Nest of White-sided Hillstar Oreotrochilus leucopleurus: (c) lateral view of nest covered by sheep's wool and feathers (reference in cm); (d) upper view, the cup opening is hardly noticeable due to soft materials present. Photographs: the authors.
Figure 1. Study area and collections sites. A in Botanical composition and structure of hummingbird nests in different habitats from northwestern Patagonia (Argentina)
Figure 1. Study area and collections sites. A, Puerto Blest; B, Saltillo las Nalcas; C, Llao-Llao; D, Cascada la Virgen on Route 258; E, northern margin of Lake Moreno; F, downtown Bariloche city; G, Arroyo Verde in Villa Traful; H, Leleque; I, Lake Queñi.
Figure 2 in Botanical composition and structure of hummingbird nests in different habitats from northwestern Patagonia (Argentina)
Figure 2. Nests of the Green-backed Firecrown Sephanoides sephaniodes. (a) Incubating female sitting in a nest camouflaged in a dense bamboo thicket; (b) upper view of an active nest; (c) nest showing lateral attachment to substrate, and pieces of bamboo leaves in the outer layer; (d) bulky nest built on a pre-existent cup. Photographs: (a, b) L. Sympson; (c, d) the authors.
Data from: Nest structure affects auditory and visual detectability, but not predation risk, in a tropical songbird community
1. Offspring mortality varies dramatically among species with critical demographic and evolutionary ramifications, yet the causes of this variation remain unclear. Nests are widely used for breeding across taxa and thought to influence offspring mortality risk. Traditionally, more complex, enclosed nest structures are thought to reduce offspring predation by reducing the visibility of nest contents and muffling offspring sounds compared to open nests. Direct tests of the functional bases for nest structure influences on predation risk are lacking. 2. We used experiments and 10 years of observational data to examine how nest structure influences nest predation risk in a diverse community of tropical songbirds. First, we examined how nest size was related to nest structure and nest predation rates across species. Second, we assessed how nest structure influences the detectability of nestling begging calls both in field and laboratory settings. Finally, we examined how the acoustic properties of different nest structures influence nest predation risk. Specifically, we experimentally broadcast begging calls from open and enclosed nests to determine how auditory cues and nest structure interact to affect predation on plasticine and quail eggs. We also tested whether nest structure was associated with differences in nest predation rates between the incubation (no begging cues) and nestling (begging cues) stages. 3. We found that enclosed nests are larger than open nests after accounting for adult size, and larger nests had increased predation rates. Moreover, enclosed nests did not consistently alter nestling begging calls in ways that reduce the likelihood of predation compared to open nests. Indeed, begging cues increased predation rates for enclosed but not open cup nests in our playback experiment, and nest predation rates showed greater increases after hatching in enclosed than open cup nests. 4. Ultimately, enclosed nests do not necessarily provide greater predation benefits than open nests in contrast to long standing theory.
Figure 2. - Nesting architecture of Xylocopanasalis; Dissected nests of Xylocopanasalis revealing the nest structure inside the bamboo culm and its residents. Measurements of the nest parameters are shown in Table 1. The diameters of the nests (excluding the nest thickness) were measured at the nest entrance, followed by the vestibulum (antechamber) length, cell length, and the inner most cell length, respectively (2a). Cells containing larvae with pollen masses and their feces were collected and weighted (2b).
Figure 2. - Nesting architecture of Xylocopanasalis; Dissected nests of Xylocopanasalis revealing the nest structure inside the bamboo culm and its residents. Measurements of the nest parameters are shown in Table 1. The diameters of the nests (excluding the nest thickness) were measured at the nest entrance, followed by the vestibulum (antechamber) length, cell length, and the inner most cell length, respectively (2a). Cells containing larvae with pollen masses and their feces were collected and weighted (2b).
Fig. 2 in Diversity And Structure Of Nesting Birds In The Coastal Riparian Zones Of Great Kabylia In Algeria
Fig. 2. Centesimal Frequency of Great Kabylia Coastal Riparian Zones Avifauna.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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