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FIG. 2 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Goleter sp. (Nostocales, Nostocaceae) isolated from freshwater in Iran
FIG. 2. — Micrographs of the isolate Goleter sp. in culture: A, older filaments featuring end cells with two corner "spines"; B, "spines" absent in young filaments; trichomes appear branched due to the proliferation of hormogonia derived from the main filaments; C, granular cell contents; D, filament uniseriate, biseriate or multiseriate; E, necridium cells occasionally found in the main filaments. Reproduction occurs via uniseriate hormogonia with two corner "spines" and bristles. Akinetes very rare; F, long branching filaments with prostrate main axes; G, trichomes often aggregate into subspherical multiseriate clumps. Heterocytes bone, shaped and spherical.Monocyte reproductive cells observed. Abbreviations:aki, akinete;biser, biseriate;brch, branching;clum, clump;gran, granules;het b, bone shaped heterocytes; het s, spherical shaped heterocytes; hor, hormogonium; mono, monocyte; multis, multiseriate; nec, necridium; non spi, "spines" absent; relea, released granules; spi, two corner "spines"; unise, uniseriate. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIG. 1. — A-C in Morphological and molecular characterization of Goleter sp. (Nostocales, Nostocaceae) isolated from freshwater in Iran
FIG. 1. — A-C, Nostocaceae cyanobacterium in the original sampled site; D, colonies on a Petri dish.
FIG. 4 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Goleter sp. (Nostocales, Nostocaceae) isolated from freshwater in Iran
FIG. 4. — Secondary structures of the 16S-23S ITS of the isolate Goleter sp. and related Goleter sequences.
FIG. 3 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Goleter sp. (Nostocales, Nostocaceae) isolated from freshwater in Iran
FIG. 3. — Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree for the isolate (Goleter sp., in red) and reference strains, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (1490 bp). Gloeobacter violaceus Rippka, J.B.Waterbury & Cohen-Bazire is the outgroup. Bootstrap values are shown near nodes. Scale indicates phylogenetic distance. GenBank accession numbers are indicated next to species names. For further details on sequences and BLAST results, see Appendix 3. For p-distances, see Appendix 4.
APPENDIX 2. — BLASTN results for the 16S in Morphological and molecular characterization of Goleter sp. (Nostocales, Nostocaceae) isolated from freshwater in Iran
APPENDIX 2. — BLASTN results for the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate Goleter sp. against the standard nucleotide database.
Data from: Morphological and molecular characterization within 26 strains of the genus Cylindrospermum (Nostocaceae, Cyanobacteria), with descriptions of three new species
Twenty-six strains morphologically identified as Cylindrospermum as well as the closely related taxon Cronbergia siamensis were examined microscopically as well as phylogenetically using sequence data for the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S ITS region. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA revealed three distinct clades. The clade we designate as Cylindrospermum sensu stricto had all five of the foundational species, C. maius, C. stagnale, C. licheniforme, C. muscicola, and C. catenatum. In addition to these taxa, three species new to science in this clade were described: C. badium, C. moravicum, and C. pellucidum. Our evidence indicates that Cronbergia is a later synonym of Cylindrospermum. The phylogenetic position of Cylindrospermum within the Nostocaceae was not clearly resolved in our analyses. Cylindrospermum is unusual among cyanobacterial genera in that the morphological diversity appears to be more evident than sequence divergence. Taxa were clearly separable using morphology, but had very high percent similarity among ribosomal sequences. Given the high diversity we noted in this study, we conclude that there is likely much more diversity remaining to be described in this genus.
FIGURE 7. Secondary structures for the D1–D1 in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 7. Secondary structures for the D1–D1' helix in the ITS regions for Roholtiella spp. and representative outgroup taxa, Calochaete cimrmanii and Nostoc indistinguendum. Arrows and a bold font style show bases variable among species, while the circled adenine residue is an alternate base in R. edaphica CCALA 1063 and circled cytosine is an alternate base in N. indistinguendum. A–B. Equally thermodynamically stable structures in R. edaphica are shown for the following strains: CCALA 1061 for the operon with no tRNA genes; CCALA 1055-56, 1060, 1062 for the no tRNA operon as well as the operon with both tRNA genes. C–D. Differences in operons are shown for R. mojaviensis. C. Operon with no tRNA for CCALA 1051 and 1052 as well as the operon with both tRNA for CCALA 1052. D. Variation of the operon with no tRNA of CCALA 1051. E. No sequence differences existed between operons with no or with both tRNAs for R. fluviatilis (CCALA 1058), and R. bashkiriorum (CCALA 1057, 1059). F. D1–D1' helix for C. cimrmanii (strain CCALA 1012) showing the operon with no tRNA. G. D1–D1' helix for recovered operons with and without both tRNAs for N. indistinguendum (strain CM1-VF10).
FIGURE 8. Secondary structures for the BoxB and V3 in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 8. Secondary structures for the BoxB and V3 helices in the ITS regions for Roholtiella spp. and representative outgroup taxa, C. cimrmanii and N. indistinguendum. Arrows and a bold font style show bases variable among species. Helices are arranged by taxon in vertical columns, with taxon label next to the V3 helix. A–F. BoxB helices from operons with both tRNA genes. A. Roholtiella edaphica strains CCALA 1055-56, CCALA 1060-61. B. Roholtiella edaphica strain CCALA 1062. C. Roholtiella mojaviensis strains CCALA 1051- 52. D. Roholtiella bashkiriorum strains CCALA 1057 and 1059. E. Roholtiella fluviatilis strain CCALA 1058. F. Nostoc indistinguendum strain CM1-VF10. G–M. BoxB helices from operons with no tRNA genes. G. Roholtiella edaphica strains CCALA 1055 and 1060. H. Roholtiella edaphica strain CCALA 1062. I. Roholtiella mojaviensis strain CCALA 1052. J. Roholtiella bashkiriorum strain CCALA 1057. K. Roholtiella fluviatilis strain CCALA 1058. L. C. cimrmanii strain CCALA 1012. M. Nostoc indistinguendum strain CM1-VF10. N–T. V3 helices. Circled residues represent alternate bases in different strains, or in the case of R. fluviatilis, between different operons in the same strain. N. The structure without the circled bases was obtained for R. edaphica strains CCALA 1060 (no and both tRNA operons) and CCALA 1056 (no tRNA operon).The alternative structure with the circled bases was obtained for strains CCALA 1061 (no tRNA operon) and CCALA 1055 (no and both tRNA operons). O. Roholtiella edaphica strain CCALA 1062. P. Roholtiella mojaviensis strains CCALA 1051-52. Q. The structure without the circled bases was obtained for R. bashkiriorum strains CCALA 1057 (both tRNA operons) and CCALA 1059 (no tRNA operon). The alternative structure with the circled bases was obtained for strain CCALA 1057 (no tRNA operon). R. The structure without the circled bases was obtained for R. fluviatilis strain CCALA 1058 for the operon with both tRNA. The alternative structure with the circled bases was obtained for the operon with no tRNA. S. C. cimrmanii strain CCALA 1012 showing the
FIGURE 4 in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 4. Ultrastructure of Roholtiella, strain CCALA 1061 R. edaphica in TEM. A–B. Cross-section of the vegetative cell. C. Longitudinal section of the filament surrounded by mucilaginous sheath, new cross-wall formation marked with arrow. D–E. Detail of the cell content and arrangement of thylakoids. F. Elongated cells in a young filament, longitudinal section. Cx = carboxyzome. Scale bars = 1 μm.
FIGURE 1. A in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 1. A–AB. Roholtiella edaphica, sp. nov. A–G. Hormogonia. H–I. Young tapered filaments with conical end cell. J–Q. Calothrix-like filaments with swollen base and basal heterocyte. J. Filament with intercalary heterocyte (marked with arrow). K, N–O. Filaments false branched at the heterocyte. R. Young filaments with isopolar growth. S–W. Mature filaments. S. Tapered mature filaments with brownish colored sheath, diffluent at the ends (marked with arrow). T–U. Single false branching. X–AB. Formation and releasing of arthrospores. Strains used in this figure: CCALA 1055 = I–J, Q, AB; CCALA 1056 = D–E, U–V, Y; CCALA 1060 = L, W; CCALA 1061 = A, H, R–T, Z; CCALA 1062 = B–C, F, M, O, X; CCALA 1063 = G, K, N, P, AA. Scale bar applies to all figures, in A–Q and S–AB = 20 μm, in R = 100 μm.
FIGURE 6. A in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 6. A. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences of 142 OTUs demonstrating position of Roholtiella, gen. nov. B. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated 16s rDNA and 16S-ITS rDNA (operon lacking sequence for tRNAIle and tRNAAla) sequences including all members of the Roholtiella clade shown in Fig. 6A. The trees are both based on Bayesian topology and the support values are given for Bayesian posterior probabilities, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony (BI/ML/MP). The cut-off values for bootstrap and probability are 50 and 0.5, respectively. Clades c1-c5 represent different taxonomic groups at the family or subfamily level (see text).
FIGURE 3. A–S in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 3. A–S. Roholtiella mojaviensis, sp. nov. A. Hormogonia. B–C. Maturing hormogonia. D–H, L–M. Tapered Calothrix-like filaments. E. False branching. H. Isopolar filament with two adjacent intercalary heterocytes, arrow marks a point of subsequent breakage. I–J. Mature filaments with near-spherical cells. K. False branching. N–Q. Rows of arthrospores. R. Releasing of arthrospores from the opened end of the filament. S. Mature tapered filament with thick structured colored sheath. Strains used in this figure: CCALA 1051 = A, D–I, K–O, Q–R, CCALA 1052 = B–C, J, P, S. Scale bar applies to all figures, in A–J and L–S = 20 μm, in K = 50 μm.
FIGURE 5 in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 5. Sequence of 16S-23S ITS flanking regions of the BoxB and V3 helices for Roholtiella species. Base pair position shown above sequences, with sequences of BoxB, BoxA-D4, and V3 not shown. Variable bases shaded in gray.
FIGURE 2. A–O in Roholtiella, gen. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)-a tapering and branching cyanobacteria of the family Nostocaceae
FIGURE 2. A–O. Roholtiella bashkiriorum, sp. nov. A. Hormogonium. B–E. Young tapered, Calothrix-like filaments. F. Branching at the heterocyte. I, K. Isopolar filaments with intercalary heterocyte(s), arrow marks a point of subsequent breakage. G–H, J, M–N. Mature filaments becoming arthrospores and being released from the opened ends. L, O. Rows of arthrospores. P–X. Roholtiella fluviatilis, sp. nov. P, S. Young tapered filaments. Q–X. Mature filaments and formation of arthrospores. R. Double false branching. U. Row of arthrospores. X. Filaments with reddish colored sheath. Strains used in this figure: CCALA 1057 = B–C, F, I–J, L, O, CCALA 1059 = A, D–E, G–H, K, M–N. CCALA 1058 = P–X. Scale bar applies to all figures, in A, B, D–H, J–P, R, T–X = 20 μm, in C, I, Q, S = 50 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Polyphasic characterization of Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae) isolated from rice growing agro-ecosystems of Dima Hasao district of Assam, North-East India
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Marked strains are the N. commune strains isolated from the selected agro-ecosystems(flat and terraced paddy fields).
FIGURE 2. Growth curve obtained for the strains. A in Polyphasic characterization of Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae) isolated from rice growing agro-ecosystems of Dima Hasao district of Assam, North-East India
FIGURE 2. Growth curve obtained for the strains. A. Nostoc commune AUS-JR/DB/NT-003. B. Nostoc commune AUS-JR/DB/NT- 004.
FIGURE 1. Morphological variation within the N. commune strains. A, B in Polyphasic characterization of Nostoc commune (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae) isolated from rice growing agro-ecosystems of Dima Hasao district of Assam, North-East India
FIGURE 1. Morphological variation within the N. commune strains. A, B. Plate view and liquid culture of N. commune AUS-JR/DB/ NT-003. C, D. Plate view and liquid culture of N. commune AUS-JR/DB/NT-004. E. A single colony of N. commune AUS-JR/DB/NT- 003. F. A single colony of N. commune AUS-JR/DB/NT-004. G. Disintegration of the sheath. H. Individual trichomes. I. Aseriate filaments (h: heterocyst). J. Seriate filaments. K. Ensheathed coccoid cells. L. Old colonies with reduced trichome. Bar length = 50µm.
FIGURE 2 in Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes
FIGURE 2. Micrographs of selected strains from the individual subclusters in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). A. Nodularia sp. Saline 2, subcluster I. B. Nodularia sp. strain Saline 2, subcluster I. C. Nodularia sphaerocarpa HBU25, subcluster I. D. Nodularia moravica CCALA 797 with two types of trichome morphology, subcluster II. E. Nodularia armorica L7, subcluster II. F. Nodularia sphaerocarpa HBU22, subcluster III. G. Nodularia harveyana BOB1, subcluster III. H. Nodularia harveyana SAG 44.85, subcluster IV I. Nodularia cf. harveyana HBU26, outside the subclusters. Akinetes are indicated by an asterisk, and heterocytes are indicated by an arrow Scale bar = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Nodularia (Cyanobacteria, Nostocaceae): a phylogenetically uniform genus with variable phenotypes
FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree inferred from a 79 × 1917 nucleotide alignment (partial 16S rDNA+rbcLX) representing the current GenBank data on heterocytous cyanobacteria and focusing on the genus Nodularia. Branch supports (percent posterior probablity of BI branches, 1000 pseudoreplications for maximum likelihood [ML] and maximum parsimony [MP]) ≥ 50% are provided in the following form: BI/ML/MP. Nodes with 100% support from all methods are marked with an asterisk. In the tree, strains of the genus Nodularia formed a monophyletic cluster, within which four subclusters (I–IV) could be distinguished (as described in the text).
Data from: Morphological and molecular characterization within 26 strains of the genus Cylindrospermum (Nostocaceae, Cyanobacteria), with descriptions of three new species
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