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65 results for “Odour”
Odour observations from Odourcollect app (D-NOSES)
<p>This is the anonymized dump (28 November 2021) of the OdourCollect tool from the D-NOSES project ( Grant Agreement No 789315. ). There are 10332 Odour Observations from volunteers, including type and subtype of odour.</p> <p>The OdourCollect tool is provide as web-page: <a href="https://odourcollect.eu/">https://odourcollect.eu/ </a>and as <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=es.nobone.manchesterwebapp&hl=en_US">android</a> and <a href="https://apps.apple.com/mx/app/odourcollect/id1457119732">iphone</a> apps.</p> <p>Find out more about the project in the main webpage: <a href="http://dnoses.eu">http://dnoses.eu</a></p>
Algae-Bacteria Community Analysis for Drinking Water Taste and Odour Risk Management
<p>The datasets and accompanying R script included in this upload are provided to complement the manuscript titled <em>"Algae-Bacteria Community Analysis for Drinking Water Taste and Odour Risk Management."</em> These resources are intended to facilitate the replication and verification of the analyses presented in the paper.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
MultiScent-20 Data - Binary responses (correct vs. incorrect answers) data from full sample, for each odour
<p>Data used for IRT analysis in the article</p> <p>"The Multiscent-20: A Digital Odour Identification Test Developed with Item<br> Response Theory", with the following authors:</p> <p>Marcio Nakanishi 1, *, Pedro Renato de Paula Brandão 2, *, Gustavo Subtil Magalhães<br> Freire 1 , Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha 3 , Marco Aurélio Fornazieri 4 , Wilma Terezinha<br> Anselmo Lima 5 , Claudia Galvão 6 , Thomas Hummel 7</p> <p> </p> <p>1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Brasília, University of<br> Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil<br> 2 Neurology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, DF, Brazil<br> 3 Statistics Department, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil<br> 4 State University of Londrina, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná<br> 5 Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Ribeirão Preto Medical<br> School-University of São Paulo, Brazil<br> 6 NOAR Brasil Ltda, São Paulo-SP, Brazil<br> 7 Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of<br> Dresden, Dresden, Germany</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>MultiScent-20 descrition:</p> <p>The Multiscent-20 is a portable tablet computer with an integrated hardware<br> system consisting of a central processing unit, touchscreen, Wi-Fi antenna, USB dock,<br> power supply, and rechargeable battery. Additionally, it contains an odour system<br> composed of 20 microcartridges, an air filter, a system that generates a dry air stream,<br> and an odour-dispensing opening. The device is capable of presenting 20 different<br> odours from individual odour capsules, which store the olfactory stimuli by incorporating<br> the odours into an oil-resistant polymer. The capsules are loaded through an insertion<br> port on the back of the device.<br> A software-controlled processing unit governs the flow of dry air, generating a<br> constant air stream that passes through the capsule, releasing individual odours<br> through a small opening at the upper front of the device. In this study, each scent was<br> presented for 5 seconds, with an interval of at least 6 seconds between odour<br> presentations. Each capsule contained 35 µL of oil-based odour solution, allowing the<br> device to maintain consistent odour intensity and identifiability for up to 100 activations,<br> as per the manufacturer's instructions. The Givaudan Flavours and Fragrance<br> Corporation (São Paulo, Brazil) prepared the odours used in the capsules.<br> A digital application (software) was developed to present odours and record<br> olfactory function test results. The device delivers odours through a dry air system,<br> leaving no residue in the environment or on users. Users can access the test using an<br> application on the device (screen version) or mobile phone. The results are accessible<br> through the integrated software, allowing for storage and analysis of the data.</p>
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollinator communities maintains within-species floral odour variation
<p>Flowering plants emit complex bouquets of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to mediate interactions with their pollinators. These bouquets are undoubtedly influenced by pollinator-mediated selection, particularly in deceptively-pollinated species that rely on chemical mimicry. However, many uncertainties remain regarding how spatially and temporally heterogeneous pollinators affect the diversity and distribution of floral odour variation. Here, we characterized and compared the floral odours of ten populations of deceptively-pollinated <em>Arum maculatum</em> (Araceae), and inter-annual and decadal variation in pollinator attraction within these populations. Additionally, we transplanted individuals from all sampled populations to two common garden sites dominated by different pollinator species (<em>Psychoda phalaenoides</em> or <em>Psycha grisescens</em>), and compared pollinator attraction rates to investigate whether populations maintained odour blends adapted to a specific pollinator. We identified high within- and among-population variation in a common blend of VOCs found across the range of <em>A. maculatum</em>. We also observed shifts in pollinator community composition within several populations over 1-2 years, as well as over the past decade. Common garden experiments further revealed that transplanted inflorescences generally attracted the dominant local pollinator species in both transplant sites. However, one population (Forêt du Gâvre, France) appears to exclusively attract <em>P. grisescens</em>, even when transplanted to a <em>P. phalaenoides</em>-dominated site. Together, our results suggest that maintaining diverse floral odour bouquets within populations may be advantageous when pollinator communities vary over short timescales. We propose that temporally-replicated ecological data are one potential key to understanding variation in complex traits such as floral odour, and in some cases may reveal resiliency to shifting pollinator communities.</p>
Data and R analysis code: Asian elephants distinguish sexual status and identity of unfamiliar elephants using urinary odours
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Despite the ubiquity of odours in mammals, few studies have documented the natural olfactory abilities of many "non-model" species such as the Asian elephant. As Asian elephants are endangered, we may apply odours to more effectively manage threatened populations. We implemented a habituation–discrimination paradigm for the first time in Asian elephants to test the ability of elephants to discriminate between unfamiliar male elephant urine, hypothesizing that elephants would successfully distinguish non-musth from musth urine and also distinguish identity between two closely related individuals. We conducted two bioassay series, exposing three female and three male zoo-housed elephants to the same urine sample (non-musth urine in the first series, and urine from an unfamiliar individual in the second) over five days. On the sixth day, we simultaneously presented each elephant with a novel sample (either musth urine or urine from a second unfamiliar individual) alongside the habituated urine sample, comparing rates of chemosensory response to each sample to indicate discrimination. All elephants successfully discriminated non-musth from musth urine, and also urine from two unfamiliar half-brothers. Our results further demonstrate the remarkable olfactory abilities of elephants with promising implications for conservation and management.</span></p>
Oviposition preference and performance of Plutella xylostella are modulated by natural enemies, larval odours and immune status
<p>Insect herbivores frequently must balance host plant quality and the risk of attack by their natural enemies when making oviposition decisions. Yet, which factor is more important remains unresolved in plant-insect ecology. Here, we report the oviposition preference and larval performance of the brassicaceous specialist <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, in the context of plant quality (cabbage <em>Brassica oleracea</em>, vs. mustard <em>B. juncea</em>) and associated natural enemies. <a name="_Hlk95552650"></a>Despite the greater larval weight and adult life-span on cabbage, ovipositing females strongly preferred mustard. Both the egg parasitoid <em>Trichogrammatoidea bactrae</em> and the larval ectoparasitoid <em>Bracon brevicornis</em> are more likely to attack <em>P. xylostella</em> that feed on cabbage; thus, mustard represents enemy-reduced space from these two parasitoids. However, larval diet had no impact on the parasitization rate of specialist <em>Cotesia vestalis</em>. Feeding on mustard improved larval immunity. The total hemocytes number, diversity and phenoloxidase activity was higher on mustard-fed larvae that increased their survival against the entomopathogen, <em>Bacillus thuringiensis. </em>Interestingly, host plants altered the larval body odour profile. Mustard fed larvae emitted allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and butyl isothiocyanate (BITC) while cabbage fed larvae emitted dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) that served as short-range cues for larval parasitoids. For <em>B. brevicornis</em>, host body odour guided oviposition choice was crucial as their fitness was affected by the host larval diet. Although, <em>C. vestalis</em> showed a clear preference towards volatiles emitted by mustard fed larvae, their fitness was unaltered. Taken together, our results illustrate that <em>P. xylostella</em> prefers to lay eggs on mustard plants providing enemy-reduced space from some, but not all, natural enemies.</p>
Post-revision data and R Script for Murtagh et al. 'The scent of enrichment: Exploring the effect of odour and biological salience on behaviour during enrichment of kennelled dogs.'
<p>Data and analysis file (written in R studio) for the paper Murtagh et al. 'The scent of enrichment: Exploring the effect of odour and biological salience on behaviour during enrichment of kennelled dogs.' Updated based on reviewer comments and additional analyses requested (master data and analysis filed labelled with 'rev' suffix).</p>
Still-air olfactometer responses of Argentine Stem Weevil to odours from ryegrass, frass, and conspecifics in New Zealand
<p>This dataset contains data from two still-air olfactometer trials, one on diapausing Argentine stem weevils (Listronotus bonariensis) and one on reproductive, gravid, weevils. It also contains dissection data on the weevils that made a choice in the olfactometer. This data set is associated with the manuscript:</p> <p><span>Vereijssen J, Rosta´ s M, van Tol R, van Koten C and Goldson S (2024) Olfactometer-measured responses of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to feeding-induced grass volatiles and conspecific frass as influenced by the weevil’s seasonality. Front. Ecol. Evol. 12:1470023. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1470023</span></p>
Differential avoidance of the odour of opposite sex mice receiving acute and repeated Lipopolysaccharide
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Data from: Odour information enables patch choice by mammalian herbivores from afar, leading to predictable plant associational effects
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Host plant odour and sex pheromone are integral to mate finding in codling moth
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Oviposition preference and performance of Plutella xylostella are modulated by natural enemies, larval odours and immune status
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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollinator communities maintains within-species floral odour variation
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Data and R analysis code: Asian elephants distinguish sexual status and identity of unfamiliar elephants using urinary odours
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Lure, retain, and catch malaria mosquitoes. How heat and humidity improve odour-baited trap performance
<p><b>Background:</b> When seeking a human for a blood meal, mosquitoes use several cues to detect and find their hosts. From this knowledge, counter-flow odour-baited traps have been developed that use a combination of CO<sub>2</sub>, odour-blend, visual cues and circulating airflow to attract and capture mosquitoes. Initially developed for monitoring, these traps are now also being considered as promising vector control tools. These traps are attractive to host-seeking mosquitoes, but their capture efficiency is low. It has been hypothesized that the lack of short-range host cues such as heat and increased local humidity often prevents mosquitoes from getting close enough to get caught; this lack might even trigger avoidance manoeuvres near the capture region.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We tested how close-range host cues affect the flight behaviour of <i>Anopheles </i>female malaria mosquitoes around odour-baited traps, and how this affects trap capture performance. For this, a novel counter-flow odour-baited trap was developed, the M-Tego. In addition to the usual CO<sub>2</sub> and odour-blend, this trap can provide the short-range host cues heat and humidity. By systematically adding or removing these two cues, we tested how this affected the trap capture percentages and flight behaviour. We first compared capture percentages of the M-Tego with and without short-range host cues to the BG-Suna trap, in both laboratory and semi-field testing. Then, we used machine-vision techniques to track the three-dimensional flight movements of mosquitoes around the M-Tego.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> With heat and humidity present, the M-Tego captured significantly more mosquitoes as capture percentages almost doubled. Comparing the flight behaviour around the M-Tego with variable close-range host cues showed that when these cues were present, flying mosquitoes were more attracted to the trap and spent more time there. In addition, we found that the M-Tego has a better capture mechanism than the BG-Suna, most likely because it does not elicit previously-observed upward avoiding manoeuvres.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that adding heat and humidity to an odour-baited trap lures more mosquitoes close to the trap and retains them there longer, resulting in higher capture performance. These findings support the development of control tools for fighting mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.</p>
Data from: Evidence of female preference for odour of distant over local males in a bat with female dispersal
<p>Geographic variation of sexual selected male traits is common in animals. Female choice also varies geographically and several studies found female preference for local males, which is assumed to lead to local adaptation and therefore increases fitness. As females are the non-dispersing sex in most mammalian taxa, this preference for local males might be explained by learning of male characteristics. Studies on preference of females in female-dispersing species are lacking so far. To find out whether such females would also show preferences for local males, we conducted a study on greater sac-winged bats (<i>Saccopteryx bilineata</i>), a species where females disperse and males stay in their natal colony. Male greater sac-winged bats possess a wing pouch that is filled with odoriferous secretion and fanned towards females during courtship display. In a combination of chemical analysis and behavioural preference tests, we analysed whether the composition of wing sac secretion varies between two geographically distinct populations (300 km), and whether females show a preference for local or distant male scent. Using gas-chromatography, we found significant differences in the composition of the wing-sac odours between the two geographic distinct populations. In addition, the behavioural preference experiments revealed that females of both populations preferred scent of geographically distant males over local males. The wing-sac odour might thus be used to guarantee optimal outbreeding when dispersing to a new colony. This is – to our knowledge – the first study on odour preference of females of a species with female-biased dispersal.</p>
Data from: Dung odours signal sex, age, territorial and oestrous state in white rhinos
Mammals commonly communicate olfactorily via urine. However, the extent to which they communicate via dung, another waste product, is unknown. Behavioural studies suggest that mammals can obtain information from dung odours but are unclear about the information transmitted. Moreover, an understanding of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from dung is limited. To address this, we analysed the odours emitted from the dung of free-ranging white rhinos, and found that 2,3-dimethylundecane signalled an individual's sex, heptanal discriminated age class, nonane defined male territorial status and 2,6-dimethylundecane indicated female oestrous state. To validate these findings, we artificially reproduced key elements of the territorial and oestrous odour profiles (i.e. profiles likely to elicit behavioural responses from receivers). We then exposed free-ranging territorial males to these odours. In response, males elicited behaviours associated with the specific odours (e.g. territorial male (potential threat): reduced latency in assuming vigilance; oestrous female (potential mate): increased investigation). These results indicate that the VOCs identified from the dung of free-ranging individuals do transmit key information. Moreover, as white rhinos of all ages and sexes defecate communally, middens probably act as information centres. Furthermore, as many other mammals defecate communally, olfactory communication via dung odours is likely a widespread phenomenon.
Data from: Kin discrimination via odour in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose
Kin discrimination is often beneficial for group-living animals as it aids in inbreeding avoidance and providing nepotistic help. In mammals, the use of olfactory cues in kin discrimination is widespread and may occur through learning the scents of individuals that are likely to be relatives, or by assessing genetic relatedness directly through assessing odour similarity (phenotype matching). We use scent presentations to investigate these possibilities in a wild population of the banded mongoose Mungos mungo, a cooperative breeder in which inbreeding risk is high and females breed communally, disrupting behavioural cues to kinship. We find that adults show heightened behavioural responses to unfamiliar (extra-group) scents than to familiar (within-group) scents. Interestingly, we found that responses to familiar odours, but not unfamiliar odours, varied with relatedness. This suggests that banded mongooses are either able to use an effective behavioural rule to identify likely relatives from within their group, or that phenotype matching is used in the context of within-group kin recognition but not extra-group kin recognition. In other cooperative breeders, familiarity is used within the group and phenotype matching may be used to identify unfamiliar kin. However, for the banded mongoose this pattern may be reversed, most likely due to their unusual breeding system which disrupts within-group behavioural cues to kinship.
Sex-specific maternal programming of corticosteroid binding globulin by predator odour
<p>Predation is a key organizing force in ecosystems. The threat of predation may act to program the endocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during development to prepare offspring for the environment they are likely to encounter. Such effects are typically investigated through measurement of corticosteroids (Cort). Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) plays a key role in regulating the bioavailability of Cort, with only free unbound Cort being biologically active. We investigated the effects of prenatal predator odour exposure (POE) in mice on offspring CBG and its impact on Cort dynamics before, during, and after restraint stress in adulthood. POE males, but not females, had significantly higher serum CBG at baseline and during restraint and lower circulating levels of Free Cort. Restraint stress was associated with reduced liver transcript abundance of <i>SerpinA6 </i>(CBG-encoding gene) only in control males. POE did not affect <i>SerpinA6</i> promoter DNA methylation. Our results indicate that prenatal exposure to a natural stressor led to increased CBG levels, decreased percent of Free Cort relative to total, and inhibited restraint stress-induced downregulation of CBG transcription.<i> </i>These changes suggest an adaptive response to a high predator risk environment in males but not females, that could buffer male offspring from chronic Cort exposure.</p>
Kin recognition in Drosophila: Rearing environment and relatedness can modulate gut microbiota and cuticular hydrocarbon odour profiles
<p>From inbreeding avoidance to kin-selected cooperation, social behaviours are frequently reliant on kin recognition. However, kin recognition mechanisms are costly to evolve and currently not very well understood. Recent evidence suggests that, by altering their host's odour, gut and other host-associated microorganisms may provide a promising avenue for understanding kin recognition. In Drosophila melanogaster, kin recognition can mediate mate choice, sexual conflict and larval competition/cooperation, underscoring its important functional role. As is commonly the case, kin recognition in this species depends on both familiarity (i.e. shared rearing environment) and relatedness, and seems to rely mainly on body odours determined by cuticular hydrocarbons. Here, we investigated the degree to which larval rearing environment and relatedness (full-sibs vs. unrelated) determine co-variation between gut microbiota and cuticular hydrocarbons in D. melanogaster. We found that rearing environment strongly determined both microbiota and cuticular hydrocarbon composition, but that these effects were independent from each other. In contrast, relatedness did not influence microbiota composition, but had a strong influence on microbiota diversity, which in turn covaried significantly with cuticular hydrocarbon composition. Our results show that, in D. melanogaster, odours may convey information about both familiarity and relatedness via an interaction between: a) direct effects of the rearing environment on cuticular hydrocarbons and b) indirect effects of relatedness on cuticular hydrocarbons via gut microbiota diversity.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.