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Figure 31 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 31. Bryopesanser latesco Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT-Te 1100, orifice; (c) NSMT-Te 1054, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) NSMT-Te 1103, ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids; note sharp projection on proximal peristomial rim in lower-right zooid, and size difference in avicularia between lower right and lower left zooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached specimen (a) or bleached specimens (b–d). Scale bars: a, c, d = 300 µm; b = 100 µm.

Figure 37 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 37. Rhynchozoon lunifrons sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1196 (paratype), colony view; (b) enlargement from preceding panel, showing autozooids typically having three processes associated with orifice; (c–f) NSMT-Te 1197 (paratype), (c) marginal autozooids showing shape and orientation of suboral avicularian chamber, (d) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape, (e) well-calcified ovicelled autozooids, showing large semicircular area of exposed entooecium on ovicell, (f) endozooidal ovicells, with three zooids showing a second ovicell (arrowheads) lateral to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm.

Figure 29 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 29. Arthropoma harmelini sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1159 (holotype): (a) autozooids, showing crescentic suboral umbo, which in top-centre zooid is continuous with peristomial rim; (b) orifice; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with one ovicell showing a lateral extension; note there is no row of pseudopores between orifice and floor of developing ooecium; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (e) autozooids with developing ooecia; note lack of pseudopores between orifice and floor of ooecium; (f) colony margin, showing interzooidal connections. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimen. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 300 µm; b = 100 µm; d = 500 µm.

Figure 34 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 34. Rhynchozoon ferocula Hayward: (a) NSMT-Te 1178, view of smaller colony on SEM stub; (b) NSMT-Te 1179, marginal autozooids; (c–e) NSMT-Te 1178 (larger colony on SEM stub), (c) orifices in (c) mature autozooids, (d) orifice and oral spines, (e) ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NSMT-Te 1180, ancestrula and two daughter zooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b, e, f = 200 µm; c = 100 µm; d = 50 µm.

Figure 32 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 32. (a, b) Crepidacantha longiseta Canu and Bassler: (a) NSMT-Te 1167, autozooids; (b) NSMT- Te 1169, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (c, d) Crepidacantha poissonii (Audouin), NSMT-Te 1100: (c) ovicelled autozooids; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried, unbleached (a, c) or bleached (b, d) specimens. Scale bars: a, c = 300 µm; b, d = 200 µm.

Figure 39 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 39. Rhynchozoon ryukyuense sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1202 (a–c), NHMUK 2016.5.13.81 (d, e), NSMT- Te 1201 (f), all paratype specimens: (a) colony view; (b) marginal autozooids, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) marginal autozooids, showing shape and orientation of avicularian rostrum; (d) marginal autozooids, showing orifice shape; note denticles associated with basal pore chambers; (e) autozooids, with diamond-shaped frontal avicularia and hypertrophied suboral avicularia; (f) ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b–f = 300 µm.

Figure 27 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 27. (a–c) Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1149: (a) autozooids near colony margin; (b) autozooids, showing two types of avicularia; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. (d–f) Robertsonidra porifera (Maplestone), NSMT-Te 1155: (d) autozooids near colony margin, one showing more-common large avicularium; (e) autozooids, one showing uncommon smaller avicularium; (f) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 1 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 1. Partial map of Japan (lower right) showing the location of Okinawa (upper right), with the study area enlarged (left); black circles indicates sampling sites (SES, old breakwater near Sesoko Station; REEF, reef-fringe site; MIN, breakwater on Minna Island); black square indicates the Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Centre, University of the Ryukyus; dark grey shading indicates land; light grey shading indicates areas of coral reef flat.

Figure 20 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 20. (a) Calyptotheca reniformis Tilbrook, 2006, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b–d) Calyptotheca sesokoensis sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 6 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 6. (a–d) Corbulella extenuata Dick, Tilbrook, and Mawatari, NSMT-Te 1064: (a) autozooids; (b) oblique view of colony margin showing interzooidal connections and presumed vestigial ooecium at early stage of formation (far top right); (c) ancestrula and periancestrular zooids; (d) same ancestrula (asterisk) as in panel (c) after bleaching, with daughter zooids lost from left side. (e, f) Cranosina coronata (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1065: (e) autozooids (the central three showing regenerative, intramurally budded cystids); (f) autozooids at colony margin (central zooid with intramurally budded cystid). Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of dried (a, c) or bleached (b, d–f) specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b–d = 300 µm; e, f = 400 µm.

Figure 19 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.

Figure 10 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 10. (a) Vasignyella otophora (Kirkpatrick), NSMT-Te 1079: four autozooids from branched, erect colony. (b–h) Hippothoa petrophila sp. nov.: (b) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), part of uniserial colony, with two zooidal dilatations, or 'zooids' (arrowheads),linked by long caudal portion, or 'stolon'; (c) NHMUK 2016.5.13.18 (paratype), part of anastomosed uniserial colony; (d) NSMT-Te 1083 (paratype), autozooid with paired proximolateral zooeciules; (e) NSMT-Te 1082 (paratype), autozooidal orifice; (f) photomicrograph of dried specimen showing autozooid (az) that has budded an ovicelled female zooid (fz) from the lateral margin; (g) photomicrographs of the basal side of zooids, showing lateral (arrowheads) and distal (arrow) interzooidal connections; (h) NSMT-Te 1082, presumed ancestrula (a) that has given rise to a single daughter zooid (dz), with a non-connected zooid at lower right. Panels (f) and (g) are photomicrographs; all other panels are scanning electron microscopic images; the specimens in panels (c) to (e) were lightly bleached. Scale bars:a–c = 500 µm; d, h = 150 µm; e = 50 µm; f = 25 µm; g = 10 µm.

Figure 13 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 13. Celleporaria desperabilis Ryland and Hayward, NSMT-Te 1090: (a) young autozooids near colony margin; (b) young autozooids near colony margin, in frontodistal view; (c) primary orifice near colony margin; (d) autozooids, showing suboral avicularium adjacent to sinus; circular interzooidal openings indicated by arrowheads; (e) autozooid with pair of tiny avicularia lateral to orifice, and irregular interzooidal opening (arrowhead); (f) ovicells that appear to be aborted or incompletely developed, bounded by thickened rim distal to orifice. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of the specimen after bleaching. Scale bars: a = 500 µm; b = 200 µm; c, e = 100 µm; d, f = 250 µm.

Figure 15 in Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan

Figure 15. Parasmittina serrula Soule and Soule, (a, b) NSMT-Te 1099, (c, d) NSMT-Te 1100: (a) orifices, showing lyrula and condyles; (b), ovicelled autozooids, with small suboral avicularia; (c) ovicelled autozooids, with larger suboral avicularia; (d) ancestrula and first daughter zooid. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 100 µm; b–d = 300 µm.

Fig. 1 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 1. Preserved (A, B, D) and fresh (C) specimens of Pseudorhombus elevatus. A, KAUM–I. 55230, 118.4 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; B, KAUM–I. 55656, 39.0 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; C, KAUM–I. 105148, 110.5 mm SL, Terengganu, Malaysia; D, QM I.1569, holotype of P. elevatus, 120.5 mm SL, Queensland, Australia (photo by J. Johnson).

Fig. 4 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 4. Dorsal-fin origin (D), anterior (AN) and posterior (PN) nostrils on blind side of Pseudorhombus elevatus (A, B) and P. quinquocellatus (C) from Okinawa Island, Japan (B, C: schematic drawings). A, KAUM–I. 55230, 118.4 mm SL; B, KAUM–I. 55641, 41.1 mm SL; C, OCF-P 10720, 55.5 mm SL. Bars indicate 2 mm.

Fig. 3 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 3. Ocular-side first gill arches of Pseudorhombus elevatus (A, B) and P. quinquocellatus (C, D). A, KAUM–I. 55641, 41.1 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; B, KAUM–I. 55235, 135.7 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; C, KAUM–I. 55592, 46.3 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; D, ZMA.PISC.112569, syntype of P. quinquocellatus, 150.1 mm SL, Madura Strait, Indonesia. A and C, alizarin red stained.

Fig. 6 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 6. Specimens of Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus (A–D) and P. megalops (E, F) in preserved (A, C–F) and fresh (B) conditions. Magnification of ocular-side pelvic fin of P. megalops (F), showing single dark blotch on 4th ray (indicated by arrow). A, KAUM–I. 55592, 46.3 mm SL, Okinawa Island, Japan; B, KAUM–I. 113356, 121.7 mm SL, Pingtung, Taiwan; C, ZMA.PISC.112569, syntype of P. quinquocellatus, 150.1 mm SL, Madura Strait, Indonesia; D, ZMA.PISC.109328, syntype of P. quinquocellatus, 153.5 mm SL, Madura Strait, Indonesia; E, F, HUMZ 90027, 203.8 mm SL, Andaman Sea.

Fig. 5 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of Japanese species of Pseudorhombus, including P. elevatus (A), P.arsius (B), P. cinnamoneus (C), P. levisquamis (D), P. oligodon (E), P. quinquocellatus (F), P. oculocirris (G), P. pentophthalmus (H), and P. dupliciocellatus (I), showing obvious markings and dark skin flaps along gill opening on ocular side. Based on: A, KAUM–I. 105148, 110.5 mm SL; B, KAUM–I. 169146, 327.0 mm SL; C, KAUM–I. 88590, 232.8 mm SL; D, KAUM–I. 42865, 341.4 mm SL; E, KAUM–I. 160254, 238.4 mm SL; F, KAUM–I. 113356, 121.7 mm SL and ZMA.PISC.109328, 153.5 mm SL; G, KAUM–I. 115224, 173.6 mm SL; H, KAUM–I. 75596, 136.6 mm SL; I, KAUM–I. 109946, 295.6 mm SL.

Fig. 2 in First Japanese Records of the Flounders Pseudorhombus elevatus and P. quinquocellatus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands

Fig. 2. Ocular-side teeth of Pseudorhombus elevatus (A, B) and P. quinquocellatus (C) from Okinawa Island, Japan (B, C: schematic drawings). A, KAUM–I. 55230, 118.4 mm SL; B, KAUM–I. 55641, 41.1 mm SL; C, KAUM–I. 55592, 46.3 mm SL. Bars indicate 2 mm.