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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Taxonomic study and population variation of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae and Diaspididae) and associated parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in an olive grove at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Figure 2. Population variation of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on different varieties of Olea europaea (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki), at different times of sampling, in Barra do Ribeiro (30°30′54.95″S, 51°30′20.84″W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Taxonomic study and population variation of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae and Diaspididae) and associated parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in an olive grove at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Figure 1. Population variation of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in an Olea europaea multivarietal olive grove (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki), at different sampling times, considering different phases and stage of development in Barra do Ribeiro (30°30′54.95″S, 51°30′20.84″W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Fig. 1 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of the olive grove with sampling plots and locations of trap series within each plot. Location of individual traps is represented by an X.

Fig. 6 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 6. Total thrips collected from sticky cards at each sampling station during olive bloom. For analysis, sampling positions within the dotted line were considered to be interior, whereas those on the outside were considered to be outer sites.

Fig. 4 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 4. Comparison of mean numbers of thrips (± SE) collected by sticky traps, tap samples, or brush samples between pre-bloom, bloom, and post-bloom sampling periods. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different means (P <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 3. Differences in mean numbers of thrips (± SE) collected by tap and brush samples between plots. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different means (P <0.05).

Fig. 5 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 5. Collection of mean numbers of thrips (± SE) (all species and stages combined) from differently colored sticky traps with combined data from all collection dates, or collections from bloom period alone. Bars with different letters indicate significantly different means (P <0.05).

Fig. 2 in Attraction of thrips (Thysanoptera) to colored sticky traps in a Florida olive grove

Fig. 2. Spectral reflectance of sticky card traps (white, blue, yellow, and clear), and abaxial and adaxial surfaces of olive leaves.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Survey of Florida olive groves during olive fruit development: monitoring for stink bugs and olive fruit flies

Fig. 2. Comparison of type of stink bug on total monthly collection (mean ± SE) from 2017 and 2018 of (A) Hemiptera, and (B) Euschistus quadrator Rolston. Lures consisted of either a consperse stink bug lure or a combination of green stink bug and brown marmorated stink bug lures. Statistical comparisons were made with a paired t-test (P ≤ 0.05); means with different letters are significantly different.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Survey of Florida olive groves during olive fruit development: monitoring for stink bugs and olive fruit flies

Fig. 1. Diagram of (A) trap locations in Florida olive groves, and (B) spatial identifiers used to characterize the locations for analysis. The large rectangle represents a 4-ha area surveyed; each white box represents a 1-ha subplot. Each circle represents a sampling location where 1 baited olive fruit fly trap and 2 dual funnel stink bug traps, 1 baited for the brown marmorated stink bug and 1 baited for the consperse stink bug were placed during each sampling visit. Spatial identifiers for sampling sites included: COR = corner site, CEN = center site, ER = edge of the grove site and bordered by olive trees on 3 sides of the tree, END = site located at the end of a row, but not a corner. Image from Google Maps.

Fig. 1 in Survey of Thysanoptera using colored sticky card traps in Florida, USA, olive groves

Fig. 1. Map of olive groves surveyed in North Central Florida. Stars represent locations of groves. "S" is a grove in Suwannee County, "G" is a grove in Gilchrist County, "M" is a grove in Marion County, and "V" is a grove in Volusia County. Map created using spatial data from USGS (2016).

Fig. 2 in Survey of Thysanoptera using colored sticky card traps in Florida, USA, olive groves

Fig. 2. Diagram of a Florida olive grove indicating sampling locations (A) and spatial identifiers (B) used for sampling design and analysis. The large rectangle represents a 4 ha area surveyed; each of the 4 white boxes represents a 1 ha subplot. Each letter represents a sampling location where yellow and blue sticky traps were placed during each sampling visit. Spatial identifiers for sampling sites included: "COR" = corner site, "CEN" = center site, "ER" = edge of the grove site and bordered by olive trees on 3 sides of the tree, "END" = site located at the end of a row, but not a corner. Image from Google Maps.

Fig. 4 in Survey of Thysanoptera using colored sticky card traps in Florida, USA, olive groves

Fig. 4. Mean thrips abundance per mo in 2017 and 2018 and in both yr combined found on yellow and blue sticky card traps in 4 north central Florida olive groves.

Fig. 3 in Survey of Thysanoptera using colored sticky card traps in Florida, USA, olive groves

Fig. 3. Timeline of observed fruiting and flowering events of North Central Florida olive trees in both 2017 and 2018. The 2017 flowering and fruiting are represented by white symbols. The gap in 2017 fruiting visible in Sep is when Hurricane Irma prevented sampling efforts. The 2018 flowering and fruiting symbols are represented by black symbols. Triangles represent flowering events. Circles represent fruiting events. The black arrow represents the Florida harvest period. Specific flowering and fruiting events are listed on the y-axis, mo of observation are on the x-axis.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Raw data Morente and Ruano_N15 and C13 olive grove

The dataset contains data about de N15 and C13 isotopic content of different arthropos in the olive grove

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Partitioning beta diversity to untangle mechanisms underlying the assembly of bird communities in Mediterranean olive groves

Aim: We investigated taxonomic and functional beta diversity of bird communities inhabiting Mediterranean olive groves subject to either intensive or extensive management of the ground cover and located in landscapes with different degrees of complexity. Location: Andalusia, southern Spain. Methods: We partitioned taxonomic and functional beta diversity into its two additive components, turnover and nestedness. We also explored the contributions of single sites to overall beta diversity (LCBD) and separated the effects of species replacement (turnover) and richness difference (nestedness) in order to identify ecologically unique sites -keystone communities- within the metacommunity. In a further step, we employed abundance- and functional-based indicator species analyses to characterize bird assemblages. Results: Taxonomic beta diversity increased with landscape complexity. Although both taxonomic and functional differences among assemblages were driven mainly by species replacement (regardless of management or landscape type), the contribution of trait replacement to the total functional beta diversity was much lower, suggesting that species performing similar functions replace each other between sites. There were no differences in LCBD between management types or categories of landscape complexity, but the contributions of sites to beta diversity decreased as the percentage cover of olive groves increased. Species richness was also important in explaining variation in LCBD as species-poor sites tended to contribute the most to the local-to-regional beta diversity. However, some farms displayed high values of LCBD due to the existence of a high replacement component, indicating that some species recorded in these sites were scarce elsewhere. The indicator species analyses revealed that the woodchat shrike Lanius senator may constitute an excellent indicator of biodiversity in this agro-forestry-system. Main conclusions: Our results show that agricultural expansion promotes biotic homogenization and exemplify how the identification of both keystone species and communities can represent a powerful tool for the management of anthropized landscapes.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Agricultural intensification erodes taxonomic and functional diversity in Mediterranean olive groves by filtering out rare species

1. Agri-Environmental Schemes (AES) have been proposed to mitigate the impact of agriculture on both taxonomic and functional biodiversity. However, a better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the loss of agrobiodiversity is needed to implement efficient AES. An unbalanced effort on research towards arable lands compared to permanent crops, and on fauna relative to plants, is patent, which limits the generalization of AES effectiveness. 2. We evaluated the effects of agricultural management and landscape simplification on taxonomic and functional diversity of the ground herb cover of 40 olive groves. We use a recently developed approach based on Hill numbers (rare, common and dominant species based) to analyze taxonomic and functional dissimilarity between farms with contrasting agricultural practices, and its potential attenuation by landscape complexity. We further explore the filtering effect of agricultural intensification on functional traits, and the relationship between functional and species richness across landscapes. 3. We found that taxonomic and functional dissimilarity of herb assemblages between intensively and low-intensively managed fields was mainly due to rare species. Dissimilarity decreased as landscape complexity increased, evidencing that complex landscapes attenuate the impact of agriculture intensification on herb assemblage composition. Agricultural intensification favoured more functionally homogeneous assemblages and disfavoured the herbs pollinated by insects, while it did not seem to affect wind-pollinated species. 4. Overall, functional richness increased exponentially with species richness across landscapes, but the latter was insufficient to drive any clear enhancement in functional richness in simple landscapes. In contrast, high species richness accelerated the enhancement in functional richness in intermediate and complex landscapes. These results highlight the functional filtering that intensive agriculture has generated for decades in homogeneous olive-dominated landscapes. 5. Herb cover is essential to support the fauna of permanent croplands and their sustainable production. Hence, AES in these croplands should promote management practices favouring the diversity and functionality of herb assemblages. Such AES should be particularly prioritized in homogeneous landscapes, where ground herb cover composition and function has long been homogenized to a great extent.

publicJun 2021View details →

Agricultural intensification erodes taxonomic and functional diversity in Mediterranean olive groves by filtering out rare species

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