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116 results for “Ophiocordyceps”
Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic-manipulator Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani
<p class="MsoNormal">1. <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> fungi manipulate the behavior of their ant hosts to produce a summit disease phenotype, thereby establishing infected ant cadavers onto vegetation at elevated positions suitable for fungal growth and transmission. Multiple environmental and ecological factors have been proposed to shape the timing, positioning, and outcome of these manipulations.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">2. We conducted a long-term field study of <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> <em>camponoti-floridani</em> infections of <em>Camponotus floridanus</em> ants – the Florida zombie ants. We propose and refine hypotheses on the factors that shape infection outcomes by tracking the occurrence of fungal growth from hundreds of ant cadavers. We modeled and report these data in relation to weather, light, vegetation, and attack by mycoparasites.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">3. We investigated environmental factors that could affect the occurrence and location of newly manipulated ant cadavers. New cadavers were positively correlated with epiphytic <em>Tillandsia </em>bromeliads, canopy openness, and weather conditions (an interactive effect of temperature, humidity, and precipitation) with an increased occurrence during the sub-tropical summer. We further suggest that incident light at the individual cadaver level may reflect microhabitat choice by manipulated ants or selective pressure on cadaver maintenance for conditions improving fungal survival.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">4. We also sought to connect fungal fitness to environmental conditions. Continued fungal development of reproductive structures and putative transmission increased with moist weather conditions (interaction of humidity and precipitation) and canopy openness, while being reduced by attack by mycoparasites. Moreover, under the most open canopy conditions, we found an atypical <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> growth morphology that could represent a plastic response to conditions influenced by high light levels.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">5. Taken together, we explore general trends and the effects of various ecological conditions on host and parasite disease outcomes in the Florida zombie ant system. These insights from the field can be used to inform experimental laboratory setups that directly test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on fungus-ant interactions or aim to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>
Natural history and ecological effects on the establishment and fate of Florida carpenter ant cadavers infected by the parasitic-manipulator Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani
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Fine-scale genome-wide signature of Pleistocene glaciation in Thitarodes moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), host of Ophiocordyceps fungus in the Hengduan Mountains
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FIGURES 29–35 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan
FIGURES 29–35. Thitarodes caligophilus, genitalia: 29–31. caudal, 32–35. latero-caudal view; 29. & 32. holotype, male, label 10027; 30. & 33. paratype, male, label 10025; 31. & 34. paratype, male, label 100026; 35. paratype, female, label 10028.
FIGURES 1–5 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan
FIGURES 1–5. Thitarodes namnai: 1. holotype, male, label 10005; 2. & 3. holotype genitalia in caudal (2) and laterocaudal (3) view; 4. paratype, female, label 10010; 5. female paratype genitalia.
FIGURES 25–28 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan
FIGURES 25–28. Thitarodes caligophilus: 25. holotype, male, label 10027; 26. paratype, female, label 10028; 27. paratype, male, label 10025; 28. paratype, male, label 100026.
FIGURES 6–13 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan
FIGURES 6–13. Thitarodes namnai: 6–10. paratypes males; 6. label 10001; 7. label 10006; 8. label 10007; 9. label 10008; 10. label 10009; 11–13. paratypes females; 11. label 10002; 12. label 10003; 13. label 10004.
FIGURES 14–23 in Thitarodes namnai sp. nov. and T. caligophilus sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), hosts of the economically important entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Bhutan
FIGURES 14–23. Thitarodes namnai, male genitalia, paratypes: 14–18. caudal view; 19–23. latero-caudal view; 14. & 19. label 10001; 15. & 20. label 10006; 16. & 21. label 10007; 17. & 22. label 10008; 18. & 23. label 10009.
FIGURE 1 in Ophiocordyceps taiwanensis sp. nov. (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) on Odontotermes formosanus (Termitidae, Blattodea)
FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from ML (IQ-tree) based on LSU-ITS-SSU-TEF1-RPB2 alignment for the selected taxa of the Hypocreales. MP, ML bootstrap supports (≥50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥0.95PP) support are given above or below the branches respectively. Type strains are in bold, and the newly introduced taxon is in red. The tree is rooted with Achaetomium macrosporum CBS 532.94, Chaetomium elatum CBS 374.66, and Gelasinospora tetrasperma AFTOL-ID 1287. The scale bar shows the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
FIGURE 4. A in Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 4. A transversal section of the fertile portion of Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, showing the immersed perithecia.
FIGURE 3 in Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 3. Morphological characters of Ophiocordyceps highlandensis. a. Mature stromata on the heads of the host (larvae of Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera). b. Immature asci at different stages of development. c. Ascus with mature ascospores. d. Mature ascospores showing the four part-spores. e. Longitudinal section of stipe, showing the cortex and the interior.
FIGURE 2 in Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 2. Stromata of Ophiocordyceps highlandensis and its host (larvae of Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera).
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from the combined nrSSU, rpb1 and rpb2 in Ophiocordyceps highlandensis, a new entomopathogenic fungus from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree generated from the combined nrSSU, rpb1 and rpb2 dataset using ML method. Bootstrap values (≥ 50%) derived from ML analyses and posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference (≥ 0.90) are shown above or beneath the branches at nodes. Ophiocordyceps highlandensis is highlighted in boldface. "Stroma 1" and "Stroma 2" are used to relate individual stromata of the same collection to their corresponding sequence data.
FIGURE 1 in Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (Hypocreales), a new species of Polycephalomyces parasitizing Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults)
FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic position of Polycephalomyces yunnanensis from ML analyses of the ITS sequences
FIGURE 3 in Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (Hypocreales), a new species of Polycephalomyces parasitizing Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults)
FIGURE 3. Morphology and ecology of Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (a–k). a. Synnemata on the stroma of Ophiocordyceps nutans; b. Synnemata arising from a stink bug corpse; c. Caespitose synnemata with a cream-coloured conidial mass on the fertile part of O. nutans; d. Tomentous stipe and capitate conidial mass; e. A single β-conidia at the apex of a β-phialide; f. Single and catenate β-conidia on β- phialides; g. Several β-conidia formed a spore ball on a β-phialide; h. Verticillate phialides from a conidial mass; i. Catenate β-conidia on a α-phialide; j. α-conidia, k. β-conidia; l. A culture on PDA showing the developing synnemata. Scale bars: a, b, l =1 cm; c = 2 mm; d = 200 μm; i = 10 μm; e, f, g, h, j, k = 5 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (Hypocreales), a new species of Polycephalomyces parasitizing Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults)
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree from ML analyses of the 5-locus (nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1 and rpb2) dataset showing the placement of Polycephalomyces yunnanensis.
FIGURE 8 in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM) of the infected ants. a) C. bispinosus infected by O. camponoti-bispinosi; b) Close-up of the O. camponoti-bispinosi ascoma; c) close-up of the O. camponoti-atricipis ascoma; d) infected C. atriceps; e) infected C. indianus; f) close-up of O. camponoti-indiani ascoma. Images: João Araújo.
FIGURE 6. Infected Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis showing initial development. a in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 6. Infected Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis showing initial development. a) Day 1 (24th March 2011): Ant attaching to the leaf and dying a few hours later; b) Day 3: Cottony white fungal mycelium arises from ant sutures and joints, the stroma emerges from behind the ant head; c) Day 5: the covering mycelium becomes light brown and the pink-tipped stroma continues to grow. In 2–3 weeks, the ascoma forms and matures over time depending on climatic conditions. Images: João Araújo.
FIGURE 7 in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 7. Unusual aggregation of different ant species biting on the same leaf and even onto the stoma from another infected ant. Arrows show the four different ants (two species) dead at the same spot. Image: João Araújo.
FIGURE 4. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-indiani a in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 4. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-indiani a) Camponotus indianus biting into a leaf, several stromata arising from dorsal pronotum, mesonotum and leg joints, with a characteristic purplish coloration. a-1) lateral, fertile cushion (ascoma); a-2) Close up of the dead ant's head showing the biting behavior. b) Section through ascoma showing perithecial arrangement (bar = 500 μm); c) Ascospore after 24 h, with very long capilliconidiophores (1-3) with capilliconidia at the tip (bar = 50 μm); c-1) Detail of fusoid capilliconidium (bar = 10 μm); d) Close up of perithecia showing asci arrangement and the semi-erumpent ostiole (bar = 50 μm); e) Ascus showing the spiral arrangement of ascospores (bar = 20 μm); e-1) Ascus cap detail (bar = 5 μm); f) Section of upper part of stroma showing asexual morph (Hirsutellalike A type), with long-necked phialides (bar = 10 μm); g) Phialides formed as mycelial cushions (sporodochia) on leg joints and antenna (Hirsutella-like C type) (bar = 10 μm). Images: João Araújo.
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