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4 results for “Optical antenna”
Data for "a cavity-based optical antenna for color centers in diamond"
<p>An efficient atom-photon-interface is a key requirement for the integration of solid-state emitters such as color centers in diamond into quantum technology applications. Just like other solid state emitters, however, their emission into free space is severely limited due to the high refractive index of the bulk host crystal. In this work, we present a planar optical antenna based on two silver mirrors coated on a thin single crystal diamond membrane, forming a planar Fabry-Pérot cavity that improves the photon extraction from single tin vacancy (SnV) centers as well as their coupling to an excitation laser. Upon numerical optimization of the structure, we find theoretical enhancements in the collectible photon rate by a factor of 60 as compared to the bulk case. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we fabricate single crystal diamond membranes with sub-µm thickness and create SnV centers by ion implantation. Employing off-resonant excitation, we show a 6-fold enhancement of the collectible photon rate, yielding up to half a million photons per second from a single SnV center. At the same time, we observe a significant reduction of the required excitation power in accordance with theory, demonstrating the functionality of the cavity as an optical antenna.<br> Due to its planar design, the antenna simultaneously provides similar enhancements for a large number of emitters inside the membrane. Furthermore, the monolithic structure provides high mechanical stability and straightforwardly enables operation under cryogenic conditions as required in most spin-photon interface implementations.</p>
Source Code and Simulation Results: Chiral and directional optical emission from a dipole source coupled to a helical plasmonic antenna
<h3>Summary</h3> <p>This publication supplements the article "Chiral and directional optical emission from a dipole source coupled to a helical plasmonic antenna" with tabulated data and Matlab code that allows the reproduction of the results. Within the article, the chiral behavior of single and double plasmonic nano antennas made from silver is numerically investigated with a focus on the coupling of a linear polarized dipole as an excitation source to the helix.</p> <h3>Simulation Setup - FEM Simulations</h3> <p>The script "run_wavlengthscan.m" allows to reproduce all simulations of the article. It can be chosen between the single and double helices, by specifying the keys parameter "keys.doppelhelix" where 0 gives a single and 1 a double helix. The number of turns can be specified by choosing "keys.case". The dipol is located within a 20nm thick hBN substrate layer, on glass (BK7). Results of the Purcell enhancement can be plotted using the scripts "display_results_single_helix.m" and "display_results_doublehelix.m" in the folder "results". The far-field plots can be reproduced using the scripts "display_farfiel_polarization_single_helix.m" and "display_farfiel_polarization_double_helix.m" of the folder "FunctionsAndScripts".</p> <p>The template for the mesh is contained in the folder "generate_grid_file", where the parameters of the helix (for example: radius, tube radius, and pitch height) can be modified.</p> <p>Within the folder "project3D" all required .jcm files are stored. Copy the "grid.jcm" file with the geometry of interest to this folder to perform simulations.</p> <p>All required keys parameters for the JCM template files (.jcmt, jcmpt) are set within the functions "set_numerical_parameter.m" and "set_physical_parameters.m", contained in the folder "FunctionsAndScripts". Therein, the function "set_sources.m" specifies the parameters for the dipole excitation, such as the position, and the strength (equivalent to the polarization).</p> <h3>Semi-Analytical Model</h3> <p>The Jupyter notebook "Semi_Analytical_Plasmonic_Helix.ipynb" contains the commented Python script for the semi-analytical design tool used to obtain far-field radiation patterns of the single helix. This semi-analytical design tool is based on an analytical model developed in [4]. The script can be divided into three parts. First, the single helix is defined, and a linear wavelength scaling law [5] is used to determine the illuminating wavelengths at which Fabry-Pérot resonances occur. Second, the overlap integral between the mode current on the helix and the incident electric field is evaluated for a given direction of incident light. Thirdly, the direction of incidence is varied to obtain the far-field radiation patterns. The script allows for the radiation patterns to be exported as a .csv file. Alternatively, the radiation patterns can be plotted directly using the provided single_plot functions.</p> <h3>Material</h3> <p>The material data has been taken from the <a href="https://refractiveindex.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">refractiveindex.info</a> database. For silver the data is taken from tabulated data from Johnson and Christy [1] . The dispersion relation for hBN comes from [2] and tabulated data for glass (BK7) from [3]. The MATLAB script "material_properties_plot.m" plots the material fits above the wavelengths of interest. The required tabulated data is given in the folder "material_data".</p> <p>With 'material_properties_plot.m' the fits to the material data can be reproduced and plotted.</p> <h3>Usage</h3> <p>The .zip folder Helix_FEM contains all data and scripts to reproduce the plots from the 3D FEM simulations.</p> <p>The Jupyter Notebook Semi_Analytical_Plasmonic_Helix reprouces the results from the semi-analytical model.</p> <h3>Requirements</h3> <ul> <li>JCMsuite (at least 5.4.0)</li> <li>MATLAB (tested with version R2023b)</li> <li>Python (tested with Version 3.10.9)</li> <li>Jupyter Notebook (tested with 6.5.2) </li> </ul> <p>To run the simulations with JCMsuite you must replace corresponding placeholders with a path to your installation of JCMsuite. Free trial licenses are available, please refer to the homepage of <a href="https://jcmwave.com/">JCMwave</a>.</p> <h3>References</h3> <p>[1] P. B. Johnson and R.-W. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).</p> <p>[2] S.-Y. Lee, T.-Y. Jeong, S. Jung, and K.-J. Yee, “Refractive index dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride in the visible and near-infrared,” Phys. Status Solidi B 256, 1800417 (2019).</p> <p>[3] “SCHOTT Zemax catalogue 2017-01-20b,” (2017).</p> <div>[4] K. Höflich et al., "Resonant behavior of a single plasmonic helix." Optica 6, 1098(2019).</div> <div> </div> <div>[5]L. Novotny, "Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas", Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,266802 (2007).</div>
THz optical solitons from dispersion-compensated antenna-coupled planarized ring quantum cascade lasers
Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) constitute an intriguing opportunity for the production of on-chip optical Dissipative Kerr Solitons (DKS): self-organized optical waves which can travel while preserving their shape thanks to the interplay between Kerr effect and dispersion. Originally demonstrated in passive microresonators, DKS were recently observed in mid-IR ring QCL paving the way for their achievement even at longer wavelengths. To this end we realized defect-less THz ring QCLs featuring anomalous dispersion leveraging on a technological platform based on waveguide planarization. A concentric coupled-waveguide approach is implemented for dispersion compensation whilst a passive broadband bullseye antenna improves the device power extraction and far field. In these devices, comb spectra featuring sech2 envelopes are presented for free-running operation. This first hint of the presence of solitons is further supported by the observation of highly hysteretic behaviour and by phase-sensitive measurements which show the presence of self-starting 12 ps-long pulses in the reconstructed time profile of the emission intensity. These observations are in very good agreement with our numeric simulations based on a Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation time-domain solver. Such devices constitute a new experimental platform for the study of soliton phenomena in the THz range, allowing as well on-chip, passive ultrashort THz pulse generation appealing for a variety of applications.
THz optical solitons from dispersion-compensated antenna-coupled planarized ring quantum cascade lasers
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