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FIGURE 4 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 4 | Metaphase plates of Arapaima gigas from Mamirauá (MAM) population (Amazon River basin) hybridized with repetitive DNA sequences, including mono-, di- and trinucleotide microsatellites and the multigene families U2 snDNA. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 2 | Karyotypes of Arapaima gigas male (A–C) and female (D–F) from Javaé (JAV) population (Araguaia-Tocantins River basin), sequentially arranged from Giemsa-stained (A and D), C-banded (B and E), and double-FISH (C and F) with 5S rDNA (green) and 18S rDNA (red) labeled chromosomes. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 1 | Map of northern part of South America showing the sampling sites of Arapaima individuals analyzed in this study from Araguaia-Tocantins (brown) and Amazon (green) River basins, coded in the Tab. 1.

FIGURE 5 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 5 | Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments on metaphase chromosomes of Arapaima individuals from the Javaé (JAV) (A–D) and Mamirauá (MAM) populations (E–H). First column (A and E): DAPI images of chromosomes; Second column (B and F): Hybridization pattern using gDNA of A. gigas from MAM population (red): Third column (C and G): Hybridization pattern using the gDNA of A. gigas from JAV population (green); Fourth column (D and H) overlap of the images. The shared regions are highlighted in yellow. The arrows indicate the higher abundance of some repetitions in individuals from MAM population. Bar=5 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Comparative cytogenetic survey of the giant bonytongue Arapaima fish (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae), across different Amazonian and Tocantins/Araguaia River basins

FIGURE 3 | Metaphase plates of Arapaima gigas from Javaé (JAV) population (Araguaia-Tocantins River basin) hybridized with repetitive DNA sequences, including mono-, di- and trinucleotide microsatellites and the multigene families U2 snDNA. Bar=5 µm.

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Figure 2 in Distinction of two featherback species (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) in India based on scale structure

Figure 2. Cycloid scales of, a. Chitala chitala (Hamilton); b. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). A. annular; B. bead like structure; C. circuli; F. focus; R. radii.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2006View details →

Fig. 2 in Chromosomal characterization of the bonytongue Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae)

Fig. 2. Metaphases of Arapaima gigas. (a) Silver nitrate-stained showing two Ag-NOR sites (arrows); (b) and (c) 18S rDNA - FISH showing a single NOR-bearing chromosome pair and NOR size polymorphism (arrows); (d) C-banded chromosomes showing centromeric heterochromatin. Bar = 5 µm.

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Fig. 1 in Chromosomal characterization of the bonytongue Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes: Arapaimidae)

Fig. 1. Karyotype of Arapaima gigas showing chromosome constrictions in pair 3. Bar = 5 µm.

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FIGURE 8 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 8. Principal component analysis including adults of Osteoglossum species. (a) plot characters factor coordinates (b) plot case factor coordinates. Numbers represents species and classes, where, 2= adults of O. ferreirai; 4= adults of O. bicirrhosum.

FIGURE 7 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 7. Principal component analysis including postembryos and juveniles of Osteoglossum species. (a) plot characters factor coordinates (b) plot case factor coordinates. Numbers represents species and classes, where, 1= postembryos and juveniles of O. ferreirai; 3= postembryos and juveniles of O. bicirrhosum.

FIGURE 1 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 1. The two Osteoglossum species: (a) adult specimen of O. bicirrhosum; (b) adult specimen of O. ferreirai; (c) juvenile specimen of O. bicirrhosum; (d) juvenile specimen of O. ferreirai.

FIGURE 6. Correlation between characters 4–5 and 1–6 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 6. Correlation between characters 4–5 and 1–6, including all size classes of Osteoglossum species. Numbers represent species and classes, where, 1= postembryos and juveniles of O. ferreirai; 2= adults of O. ferreirai; 3= postembryos and juveniles of O. bicirrhosum; 4= adults of O. bicirrhosum.

FIGURE 3 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 3. Principal component analysis including all size classes of Osteoglossum species. (a) plot characters factor coordinates (b) plot case factor coordinates. Numbers represent species and classes, where, 1= postembryos and juveniles of O. ferreirai; 2= adults of O. ferreirai; 3= postembryos and juveniles of O. bicirrhosum; 4= adults of O. bicirrhosum.

FIGURE 4. Correlation between characters 13–14 and 1–2 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 4. Correlation between characters 13–14 and 1–2, including all size classes of Osteoglossum species. Numbers represent species and classes, where, 1= postembryos and juveniles of O. ferreirai; 2= adults of O. ferreirai; 3= postembryos and juveniles of O. bicirrhosum; 4= adults of O. bicirrhosum.

FIGURE 2 in Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)

FIGURE 2. Morphometric characters used in Aitchinson analysis: Standard length (1–6); head length (1–2); premaxillacleithrum length (1–3); predorsal length (1–4); postdorsal length (1–5); preanal length (1–8); prepectoral length (1–10); premaxillacoracoid length (1–11); premaxillainfraorbital length (1–12); snout length (1–13); premaxillaopercular length (1–15); eye diameter (13–14); occiputdorsal length; (2–4); occiputpostdorsal length (2–5); occiputcaudal length (2–6); occiputanal length (2–8); occiputpectoral length (2–10); head depth (2–11); dorsal fin length (4–5); analdorsal length (8–4); analpostdorsal length (8–5); anal fin length (8–7).

Figure 16 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 16. Nine species of Paramormyrops from Lower Guinea showing, from left to right, head shape viewed from above, the outline of the body, and representative female and male EOD waveforms. Head shapes are camera lucida tracings of the holotypes for each species from the snout to end of opercular opening. The first six have sharp V-shaped head profiles and the last three have relatively blunt U-shaped heads. All but the last two have electric organs composed of Type NPp electrocytes (exhibiting Non-Penetrating stalks innervated on the posterior face). The last two have electric organs composed of Type Pa electrocytes (with Penetrating stalks innervated on the anterior face). All known mormyrids with Type Pa electrocytes have an initial, head-negative peak, P0, in the EOD waveform as illustrated here for P. kingsleyae. The P0 peak is absent in all species with Type NPp electrocytes. The EOD of P. batesii is unknown, but the electric organ is composed of Type Pa electrocytes.

Figure 9 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 9. Histology of para-sagittal section of paralectotype of P. sphekodes specimen MNHN 1998-1050 (Female, 98.7 mm, SL) shows electrocytes of type NPp (Non-Penetrating stalks with posterior innervation). The specimen, collected from Doumé Falls by Alfred Marche in 1876–1877 and preserved in alcohol, was embedded in plastic, sectioned with a tungsten carbide knife at 7 µm and stained with toluidine blue. E = main body of the electrocyte; anterior = anterior face of electrocyte; post = posterior face of same electrocyte; c = collagen layer separating two electrocytes; S = stalk of electrocyte which is innervated by the axons from the electromotor nerve (not shown); s = stalklets, or small branches from a dividing stalk that eventually fuse with posterior face of the electrocyte. Stalks are innervated on the posterior side of the electrocyte and all branches of the stalk system remain posterior to the main body of the electrocyte without crossing to the opposite or anterior side.

Figure 11 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 11. (A, B) Collection localities near the rapids at Doumé (0.84245°S, +12.96249°E) on the Ogooué River of Gabon, where P. sphekodes is sympatric with P. ntotom sp. nov. (B) shows local villagers fishing with hoop nets at Doumé. (C, D) View of the Sébé River (0.93494°S, 13.35767°E) where the two species are also sympatric. Both habitats are moderate-sized rivers with gentle flow or rapids over rocky outcroppings, interspersed with sandy beaches, surrounded by dense rain forest. The Ogooué River is 75–100 m wide at Doumé, 3 m in depth, and the water had low conductivity (13.9 µs/cm) at pH 7.04 and 6.66 mg/L O2 (83.1% saturated) at 26.7 °C. The Sébé River is 55–75 m wide, approximately 3.1 m deep, 16.0 µs conductivity, 7.08 pH and 7.5 mg/L O2 (93.6% saturation) at 26.6°C).

Figure 12 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 12. Holotype of P. ntotom sp. nov. CUMV 98138, tag number JPS-1189, male, 178 mm SL, from top to bottom photographed when alive, preserved in alcohol left and right sides, and radiograph. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Figure 4 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 4. The short EOD and SN4 Paramormyrops differ in the ratio of head length (HL) to head depth (HD) when measurements are taken from radiographs. (A) HLx/HDx is plotted against standard length for 41 specimens including short EOD specimens (n = 9, blue circles), SN4 specimens (n = 30, red squares) and the two existing types (* = lectotype of P. sphekodes and 'x' = the paralectotype). Solid lines show linear regression lines showing that head shape changes little with overall size. The measurements of the lectotype (LT) of P. sphekodes (MNHN-A893) and paralectotype (PLT) (MNHN 1998-1050) identify the short EOD individuals as P. sphekodes. The specimens with SN4-type EODs belong to a new species (red * indicates the new species holotype). Specimen 1185 is shown in x-ray in C. (B) Non-overlapping histograms of HLx/ HDx allow for good diagnosis of the two EOD types even if no EOD is available, as with the two types of P. sphekodes. (C) Radiographs of two specimens (Specimen CUMV 98134 tag number JPS-1185, an SN4 fish and MNHN-A893) illustrate landmarks used for measuring HLx and HDx (see Material and Methods). Scale bars = 1 cm.