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216 results for “Pacific biogeography”
Fig. 2 in Fig. 7 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 2. Individual heterozygosity in relation to the mating success of male Red-breasted Flycatchers.
Fig. 6 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 6. Reconstruction of hypothetical diversification within the Neocliniini inferred from maximum parsimony. The distribution of the ancestor of Mccoskerichthys and Neoclinus, whether temperate or tropical eastern Pacific, is unresolved. WP (yellow) = western Pacific; WTEP (blue) = warm temperate eastern Pacific; TEP (red) = tropical eastern Pacific.
Fig. 5 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 5. Reconstructed ancestral distributions of the Neocliniini. Blue = eastern Pacific; yellow = western Pacific.
Fig. 7 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 7. Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of the Neocliniini inferred from Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis. The bar at the bottom of the figure is the geological time scale in million-year units. Grey bars on the tree show range of divergent times with the means (in mya) shown as the number above each node.
Fig. 4 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 4. General distributions of western Pacific Neoclinus species (yellow), eastern Pacific Neoclinus species and Alloclinus holderi (blue), and Mccoskerichthys sandae (red) mapped on the phylogeny from Bayesian inference analysis. Numbers on each node represent posterior probability values.
Fig. 2 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 2. Individual gene trees of the Neocliniini and its outgroup, Alloclinus holderi, implemented under Maximum likelihood analysis in RAxML: (a) COI, (b) cytochrome b, (c) 12S + 16S, (d) TMO-4C4, (e) RAG-1.
Fig. 1 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 1. Representatives of fringehead blennies included in this study. (a) Neoclinus okazakii, (b) N. stephensae, (c) N. bryope, (d) N. uninotatus, (e) N. nudus, (f) N. blanchardi. A, C, E are western Pacific species, while B, D, F are eastern Pacific species. Photos by W. Hongjamrassilp.
Fig. 3 in Journey to the West: Trans-Pacific Historical Biogeography of Fringehead Blennies in the Genus (Teleostei: Blenniiformes).
Fig. 3. Species tree for the Neocliniini from concatenated six genetic markers dataset analyzed using Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Bayesian Inference (BI). Numbers on each node of the tree from left to right are: posterior probability from BI, bootstrap value from ML, and bootstrap value from MP. Asterisk means no support value was shown in the result.
FIG. 4 in A new species of Asterodiscides (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterodiscididae) from the tropical southwest Pacific, and the biogeography of the genus revisited
FIG. 4. — UPGMA dendrogram analysis of species relationships within the genus Asterodiscides A. M. Clark, 1974. Distances (branch lengths) are as follows: ((((a1:7.56,a2:7.56):13.79,((a3:9.38,a4:9.38):5.24,a7:14.62):6.73):7.53,(((a5:15.06,a6:15.06):4.89,((a8:8.81,a14: 8.81):7.86,(a13:8.10,((a15:2.88,a17:2.88):1.51,a18:4.39):3.71):8.57):3.27):1.11,a16:21.06):7.82):6.34,((a9:8.26,(a10:3.18,a11:3.18):5.0 8):21.29,a12:29.56):5.66).
FIG. 3. — Asterodiscides bicornutus n in A new species of Asterodiscides (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterodiscididae) from the tropical southwest Pacific, and the biogeography of the genus revisited
FIG. 3. — Asterodiscides bicornutus n. sp., outline drawing of abactinal surface illustrating the positions of bicornute spines only, and the general alignment of the more dorsal of these into a carinal and two dorso-lateral rows (indicated by dotted lines). The anus (a) and madreporite (m) are included as reference points. A ring of dots on arm B marks the position of a missing spine whose identity, conical or bicornute, is not known.
FIG. 1. — Asterodiscides bicornutus n in A new species of Asterodiscides (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterodiscididae) from the tropical southwest Pacific, and the biogeography of the genus revisited
FIG. 1. — Asterodiscides bicornutus n. sp., holotype, images of living animal: A, abactinal view, R = 102 mm; B, abactinal view of arm, area delineated by box is shown enlarged in Figure 1F; C, actinal view; D, apical portion of arm; actinal view showing distended tube feet, actinal plate ornamentation, a double row of subambulacral spines and the comb-like arrays of subambulacral spines; E, oral centre; F, close-up of area demarcated by box in Figure 1B; both bicornute and conical spines are evident; open forceps-type pedicellariae (arrows) are present at the bases of spines and tubercles.
Fig. 7 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood tree of Anchonini and Lymantini relationships reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix. Clades outside of the Anchonini plus Lymantini clade are collapsed. Large and small circles denote strongly and moderately supported clades, respectively. Arrows indicate 26 specimens shown in Figs 1, 2, 8–33. Superimposed globes indicate the current distribution.
Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood tree of true weevil relationships reconstructed by RAxML from the three-fragment concatenated matrix. Three subclades forming the clade of Anchonini plus Lymantini are collapsed. Large and small circles denote strongly and moderately supported clades, respectively.
Fig. 5 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 5. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, antennae. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Fig. 2 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 2. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, lateral view. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Fig. 4 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 4. Morphological diagnostic features and possible apomorphies of Anchonini (A, B) and Lymantini (C–F). A, C, D: head, left lateral view; B: left antenna; E, F: female genitalia and apical sclerites (E: ventral, F: right dorso-lateral). A: Titilayo geiseri Cristóvão & Lyal, 2018; B: T. barclayi Cristóvão & Lyal, 2018; C: Lymantes scrobicollis Gyllenhal, 1838; D–F: Devernodes chthonia Grebennikov, 2018. A, B: from GREBENNIKOV & ANDERSON (2021a); E, F: from GREBENNIKOV (2018).
Fig. 1 in Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of flightless amphi-Pacific lymantine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 1. Morphological diversity of the weevil tribe Lymantini, dorsal view. Specimen numbers refer to Table 2 and Fig. 7.
Functional biogeography of coastal marine invertebrates along the south-eastern Pacific coast
<p><span>Characterizing the spatial structure of taxonomic and functional diversity (FD) of marine organisms across regional and latitudinal scales is essential for improving our understanding of the processes driving species richness and those that may constrain or enhance the set of species traits that define the functional structure of communities. Here, we present the functional diversity of coastal invertebrate macrofaunal species along the south-eastern Pacific, from 7°N to 56°S, we describe spatial variation of species traits, and examine the relationship with environmental variables. </span><span>We define the functional traits and the distribution range of 2350 marine macroinvertebrates to calculate eight metrics of FD. Random forest regression was applied to identify significant relationships between FD and six environmental variables. Finally, functional ß</span><span>-turnover was estimated to detect alongshore shifts in functional structure and their coincidence with biogeographical domains. </span><span>In contrast with taxonomic richness, measures of trait differences, functional space and functional specialisation increase with latitude, while functional evenness exhibits a humpback shape, peaking at mid-latitudes. Functional redundancy decreases significantly poleward, while indications of vulnerability increase. In contrast to taxonomic richness, FD was tightly connected to variables indicative of stress and productivity, such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Sea surface temperature and coastal area best explained the increased FD redundancy towards the tropics. The high spatial correlation between taxonomic and functional ß-turnover suggests environmental filters play an important role in the functional structure of the seascape. </span><span>Our findings suggest that processes favouring taxonomic richness are latitudinally divergent from those favouring functional diversity. Correlations with environmental variables suggest that increased sea surface temperature and measures of stability increase redundancy, while variation in dissolved oxygen and nutrients positively affect functional diversification. Moreover, the functional diversity patterns suggest low resilience of high-latitude coastal ecosystems, which are heavily exploited and threatened by climate change, hence highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation policies.</span></p>
Functional biogeography of coastal marine invertebrates along the south-eastern Pacific coast
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Evolutionary biogeography of the reef-building coral genus Galaxea across the Indo-Pacific ocean
<p>Stony corals (Scleractinia) form the basis for some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, but we have much to learn about their evolutionary history and systematic relationships. In order to improve our understanding of species in corals, we here investigated phylogenetic relationships between morphologically defined species and genetic lineages in the genus <em>Galaxea</em> (Euphyllidae) using a combined phylogenomic and phylogeographic approach. Previous studies revealed the nominal species <em>G. fascicularis</em> included three genetically well-differentiated lineages (L, S & L+) in the western Pacific, but their distribution and relationship to other species in the genus were unknown. Based on genomic (RAD-seq) and mitochondrial sequence data (non-coding region between <em>cytb</em> and <em>ND2</em>) we investigated whether the morphological taxa represent genetically coherent entities and what is the phylogenetic relationship and spatial distribution of the three lineages of <em>G. fascicularis</em> throughout the observed species range. Using the RAD-seq data, we find that the genus Galaxea is monophyletic and contains three distinct clades: an Indo-Pacific, a Pacific, and a small clade restricted to the Chagos Archipelago. The three lineages of <em>G. fascicularis</em> were associated with different RAD-seq clades, with the 'L' lineage showing some morphological distinction from the other two lineages (larger more asymmetrical polyps). In addition to these, three more genetic lineages in <em>G. fascicularis</em> may be distinguished – a Chagossian, an Ogasawaran, and one from the Indian-Red Sea. Among nominal taxa for which we have multiple samples, <em>G. horrescens</em> was the only monophyletic species. The mitochondrial non-coding region is highly conserved apart from the length polymorphism used to define L, S & L+ lineages and lacks the power to distinguish morphological and genetic groups resolved with genomic RAD-sequencing. The polyphyletic nature of most species warrants a careful examination of the accepted taxonomy of this group with voucher collections and their comparison to type specimens to resolve species boundaries. Further insight to the speciation process in corals will require international cooperation for the sharing of specimens to facilitate scientific discovery.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.