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20 results for “Paridae”
Fig. 4 in Determining Spatial Parameters Of The Ecological Niche Of Parus Major (Passeriformes, Paridae) On The Base Of Remote Sensing Data
Fig. 4. Distribution of resources (light bars) and distribution of resources used by P. major (grey bars).
Fig. 5 in Determining Spatial Parameters Of The Ecological Niche Of Parus Major (Passeriformes, Paridae) On The Base Of Remote Sensing Data
Fig. 5. Distribution of pseudo absence cells: a — the distance to the presence cells is not less than 1000 meters; b — the distance to the presence cells is not less than 500 meters; c — the distance to the presence cells is not less than 250 meters; d — distance to the presence cells is not less than 100 meters.
Data from: Global patterns of colouration complexity in the Paridae: Effects of climate and species characteristics across body regions
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Parus atricapillus (Paridae) - whole organism
Image of Parus atricapillus (Paridae) - whole organism
Parus atricapillus (Paridae) - whole organism - unspecified
Image of Parus atricapillus (Paridae) - whole organism - unspecified
Fig. 2 in Nest Predation In The African Blue Tit, Cyanistes Teneriffae (Aves, Paridae), Using Nest-Boxes And Artificial Nests
Fig. 2. Predation rates versus years, %.
Fig. 1 in Nest Predation In The African Blue Tit, Cyanistes Teneriffae (Aves, Paridae), Using Nest-Boxes And Artificial Nests
Fig. 1. Location of the study area.
Fig. 3 in Nest Predation In The African Blue Tit, Cyanistes Teneriffae (Aves, Paridae), Using Nest-Boxes And Artificial Nests
Fig. 3. Predation typology in nest-boxes, %.
The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae)
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Nest building is widespread among animals. Nests may provide receptacles for eggs, developing offspring and the parents, and protect them from adverse environmental conditions. Nests may also indicate the quality of the territory and its owner and can be considered as an extended phenotype of its builder(s). Nests may, thus, function as a sexual and social signal. Here, we examined ecological and abiotic factors—temperature, nest predation and interspecific information utilization—shaping geographical variation in a specific nest structure—hair and feather cover of eggs— and its function as an extended phenotype before incubation in great (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) across Europe. We also tested whether egg covering is associated with reproductive success of great tits.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Fourteen different study sites and 28 populations across Europe.</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Parus major, Cyanistes caeruleus.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We recorded clutch coverage estimates and collected egg covering nest material from the tit nests. We also measured nest specific breeding parameters and phenotypic measurements on adults. We tested whether mean spring temperatures, nest predation rates and flycatcher (Ficedula spp) densities in the study areas explain the large-scale geographical variation of clutch coverage and reproductive success of tits.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The degree of egg coverage of great tits increased with lower mean spring temperature, higher nest predation rate and higher flycatcher density. We did not find egg covering of blue tits to be associated with any of the ecological or abiotic factors. Moreover, egg covering of great tits was not associated with reproductive success in our cross-sectional data, yet a rigorous assessment of fitness effects would require long-term data.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our findings suggest that, in great tits, egg covering may simultaneously provide thermal insulation against cold temperatures during egg-laying in spring and also represent a counter-adaptation to reduce information parasitism by flycatchers and nest predation. Hence, geographical variation in interspecific interactions, and consequently in co-evolutionary processes, may affect the evolution of nest characteristics besides environmental conditions.</p>
FIGURE 1 in The Palaearctic Titmouse Species (Aves: Paridae: Parus sensu lato) — A current survey *
FIGURE 1. Sympatric population groups of titmice (Parus) in the Palaearctic. The colour intensity corresponds to the density of sympatry. (Map: B. Pätzelt & T. Töpfer).
Fig. 1 in Historical biogeography of tits (Aves: Paridae, Remizidae)
Fig. 1 Breeding distribution of extant parid and remizid tit species according to BirdLife International and NatureServe (2011) subdivided into ten areas (A–J) with number of Paroidea species per area and connectivity among areas (Table 1)
Fig. 2 in Historical biogeography of tits (Aves: Paridae, Remizidae)
Fig. 2 Molecular phylogeny of Paroidea (tits and penduline tits) based on up to 2035 bp in a 4404-bp alignment of up to four genes (for details see Table S1) reconstructed in BEAST (genes and codon positions partitioned, GTR/HKY models, 100,000,000 generations). At the tips are all extant species recognized in this study for which any sequence was available on GenBank, preceded by distributional areas (see Table 1) in parentheses; at the nodes are posterior probabilities and ancestral-area reconstructions from S-DIVA (maxarea 0 7) as pie charts (color does not refer to a certain area, but to percentage of area combinations in decreasing order)
Data from: Nest building in titmice Paridae: Selectivity in bryophyte use
<p><span>In many bird species, reproductive success is dependent on nest quality. However, detailed data on nest composition are scarce, and quantitative analyses have generally used only rough categories, without species identification. Bryophytes dominate the nests of many </span><span>passerine bird species, </span><span>but little is known about whether birds have preferences for certain species. In this study, we determined the bryophyte species composition in nests of blue tits <em>Cyanistes caeruleus</em> and great tits <em>Parus major</em> in a forest near Oslo, Norway. We also sampled the abundance of the bryophyte species in plots on the forest floor surrounding a subset of the great tit nests. Blue tits and great tits both used 15 bryophyte species as nest materials, mainly the same pleurocarpous species but in different proportions. The tits preferred highly branched bryophyte species, i.e. <em>Pleurozium schreberi</em>, <em>Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus</em> and <em>Sanionia uncinata</em>, but avoided common forest-floor bryophyte species that are sparsely branched. Great tits clearly collected bryophyte species selectively. We also found that bryophyte species content in great tit nests in the same nest box in different years was very similar. Our results also indicated that the great tits collected bryophyte nest materials close to their nests, mostly within 5 m, supporting the view that collecting nest materials is costly. We review several hypotheses to explain why the tits prefer certain species of bryophytes as nest materials. These include handling costs and their suitability as structural materials. We recommend field experiments to test specific hypotheses, and to study whether preferences are heritable.</span></p>
The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae)
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Data from: Causes and consequences of individual variation in the extent of post-juvenile moult in the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus (Passeriformes: Paridae)
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Data from: Nest building in titmice Paridae: Selectivity in bryophyte use
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Do phylogeny and habitat influence admixture among four North American chickadee (family: Paridae) species
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Data from: Variation in laying date in relation to spring temperature in three species of tits (Paridae) and pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in southernmost Sweden
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Genetic divergence, admixture and subspecific boundaries in a peripheral population of great tit, Parus major (Aves, Paridae)
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Fig. 3 in Historical biogeography of tits (Aves: Paridae, Remizidae)
Fig. 3 Molecular phylogeny of Paroidea (tits and penduline tits) as in Fig. 2, but with ancestral-area reconstructions according to Lagrange and WAAA (in this order if different) indicated at the nodes
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