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11 results for “Parochlus steinenii”
FIGURE 5 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 5 Historical demographic trajectories of Parochlus steinenii within its distribution in the Magellanic Subantarctic Ecoregion (red), South Georgia (yellow) and South Shetland Islands (violet). Left panels: Past demographic changes constructed using Bayesian Skyline Plot approach based on cox1 haplotypes. The y-axis is the product of the effective population sizes (Ne) and generation length in a log scale. The x-axis is the time before present (Myr). The median estimate (solid black line) and 95% highest probability density (HPD) limits (colored area) are shown. The thick dashed line represents the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA). Right panels: Distribution of pairwise differences of cox1 for each demographic unit. Values of Tau are shown.
FIGURE 3 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 3 Haplotype network for Parochlus steinenii based on 151 mtDNA cox1 sequences spanning the species' distribution. Neighbor-joining network illustrating the distribution of haplotypes across lakes in the Magellanic Subantarctic Ecoregion, South Georgia and the South Shetland Islands. Circles sizes are proportional to haplotype frequency.
FIGURE 4 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 4 Spatial genetic structure of Parochlus steinenii from the spatial model in Geneland across the three biogeographic regions sampled. Higher posterior probabilities of population membership are indicated in yellow for each sampling site (A) MSE, (B) SG, (C) MA. Black circles indicate the relative position of the sampling localities. Posterior probabilities of membership were plotted with the shapefiles of Scotia Arc coastline available in the repository in the Antarctic digital database from the British Antarctic survey (BAS). https://add.data.bas.ac.uk.
FIGURE 6 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 6 Phylogenetic reconstruction based on haplotypes cox1 data showing divergence times of Parochlus steinenii across its distribution in sub- and maritime Antarctica. Nodes ages are the median values from both Bayesian Molecular Clock analyses and TMRCA of each clade estimated with Bayesian Skyline Plot. In each clade of interest (MSE, SG and MA), nodes bar indicated the 95% HPD. The colored tip represents the colors of the sampling region.
FIGURE 2 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic reconstruction of Podonominae based on concatenated data. Maximum Likelihood reconstruction, including members of the subfamily Podonominae with emphasis on Parochlus spp. Information in brackets represent the sequence code used for the analysis (within P. steinenii), and sampling site for each sequence. Values for the nodes support are indicated for posterior probability/bootstrap, respectively.
FIGURE 1 in Ancient diversification in extreme environments: exploring the historical biogeography of the Antarctic winged midge Parochlus steinenii (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURE 1 Historical biogeography reconstruction based on 151 cox1 sequences of Parochlus steinenii across the sampling areas. (A) Map of the sampling region in the Magellanic Subantarctic regions (MSE, red); sub-Antarctic Island of South Georgia (SG, orange), and Maritime Antarctic (MA, violet); (B) Bayesian Inference reconstruction using P. steinenii individuals. The values for node support are indicated for posterior probability/bootstrap from BI and ML analyses, respectively.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/30c49fbf-4e2e-482e-bb49-4d294bc332cb">https://bionomia.net/dataset/30c49fbf-4e2e-482e-bb49-4d294bc332cb</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/30c49fbf-4e2e-482e-bb49-4d294bc332cb">https://gbif.org/dataset/30c49fbf-4e2e-482e-bb49-4d294bc332cb</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
A polar insect's tale: observations on the life cycle of Parochlus steinenii, the only winged midge native to Antarctica
<p><span>Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands are considered natural laboratories to study and understand the influence of environmental variable and patterns of variation therein on the biota, including the influences of climate change. The Antarctic terrestrial fauna consists only of small invertebrates, with just two native species of holometabolous insects, Parochlus steinenii and Belgica antarctica, and two established non-native species, Eretmoptera murphyi and Trichocera maculipennis. Studies of the life history, phenology and stress tolerances of insects are critical to better understand adaptations to natural environmental stress and the ecological consequences of recent and ongoing climate change. In this context, we characterized the habitat preferences, life cycle and phenology of P. steinenii, the winged Antarctic midge, in a lake on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctic. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesize that P. steinenii has a multi-year life cycle that may span as much as four years. The species is very restricted in terms of its preferred microhabitat distribution, being highly abundant only at shallow depths close to the edge of the lakes in which it is found. A combination of further field and laboratory studies are now required to assess how the length of P. steinenii life cycle is influenced by the scale of temperature variation typically experienced in its natural habitat, and as predicted under different climate change scenarios, as well investigating the ability and timing of larval movement to take advantage of the conditions of specific microhabitats at different times of year.</span></p>
A polar insect’s tale: observations on the life cycle of Parochlus steinenii, the only winged midge native to Antarctica
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Figure 2 from: Gañan M, Contador T, Rendoll J, Simoes F, Pérez C, Graham G, Castillo S, Kennedy J, Convey P (2021) Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. ZooKeys 1011: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.56833
Figure 2 Parochlus steinenii (Fildes Bay, South Shetland Islands). a Female (up) and male (down) adult b larva c pupa d group of adults on a stone.
Figure 1 from: Gañan M, Contador T, Rendoll J, Simoes F, Pérez C, Graham G, Castillo S, Kennedy J, Convey P (2021) Records of Parochlus steinenii in the Maritime Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. ZooKeys 1011: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.56833
Figure 1 Map of study area. The red circles correspond to the records of Parochlus steinenii found in this study, the green circles correspond to the bibliographic records.
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