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opennotspecifiedAug 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Climate-induced shifts in the niche similarity of two related spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates)

Fig. 3 The potential distribution of P. fuscus and P. syriacus in: a present climate for the two species, b Last Interglacial climate, c Last Glacial Maximum MIROC Scenario, d Last Glacial Maximum CCSM Scenario, and e A1B scenario for 2080. The modeling extent merges the minimum convex polygons of the two species and an additional buffer zone of 335 km that includes all fossil records

opennotspecifiedAug 2014View details →

Fig. 2 in Climate-induced shifts in the niche similarity of two related spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates)

Fig. 2 Modeling stages used in the present study for investigating the factors limiting the current range overlap and possible changes in the geographic ranges of the two species studied under future climate change scenarios

Fig. 3 a in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact

Fig. 3 a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on a 571-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. Only haplotype sequences have been used. Spea bombifrons was used as outgroup. Asterisks denote Bayesian posterior probabilities values: *95–98 %; **99–100 %. b Haplotype network reconstruction of 29 haplotypes of Pelobates fuscus fuscus (W) and of 13 haplotypes of P. f. vespertinus (E), based on the analysis of a 571-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Size of circles is proportional to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype. The frequency of each haplotype has been computed based on published data (Crottini et al. 2007) and on new sequences

Fig. 1 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact

Fig. 1 Geographic locations of the 59 analyzed populations of Pelobates. The limit of the geographic distribution of Pelobates fuscus is indicated with the solid line. The dashed line indicates the presumptive position of the contact zone between P. f. fuscus

Fig. 7 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact

Fig. 7 Predictive potential niche models (black areas) of Pelobates f. fuscus (a and c) and P. f. vespertinus (b and d) for Last Glacial Maximum based on the MIROC (a and b) and CCSM (c and d) models. Models are above the average 10-percentile training threshold.

Fig. 5 A in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact

Fig. 5 A multilocus cline at four diagnostic allozyme loci along transect in the contact zone of Pelobates fuscus fuscus and P. f. vespertinus. The vertical axis shows the frequency of genetic variants diagnostic for P. f. fuscus (variation diagnostic for P. f. vespertinus is the inverse)

Fig. 2 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact

Fig. 2 Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phenogram (a) and neighbor-joining tree (b) showing genetic (allozyme) relationship among the Pelobates species populations sampled based on Nei's (1978) unbiased genetic distance (DNei); bootstrap values ≥ 70 %. Correspondence analysis of allele frequencies among the studied samples of P. fuscus (c), where dark circles represent P. f. vespertinus samples, gray circles are samples from the contact zone from Kursk Province of Russia, open circles are P. f. fuscus samples from Eastern

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Failed predator attacks have detrimental effects on antipredatory capabilities through developmental plasticity in Pelobates cultripes toads

1. How predation events experienced by preys can shape phenotypic traits through the ontogenetic development of the interacting species should be a key issue in Evolutionary and Conservation Biology. 2. Locomotor performance plays a fundamental role on the fitness of many animals, mainly because it enhances ability to fleeing from predators. Predators represent indeed a capital selective force on prey, mainly because they end prey life. However, predators may also damage prey by other means, such as injuries caused by failed attacks. This damage can severely affect locomotion, among several other aspects of prey fitness. In the case of anuran tadpoles, failed predator attacks often result in injured tails, which reduces swimming performance. However, little is known about lasting effects of those failed attacks on fleeing capabilities after metamorphosis. 3. In this work, we clipped 55% tail length of pre-tail-resorption stage anaesthetized larval Pelobates cultripes toads, and compared metamorph hindlimb length and jump distance with metamorphs resulting from anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized non-clipped controls. Previous findings showed that this treatment produced metamorphs with reduced body condition. 4. Results herein suggest that partial tail loss in tadpoles diminishes jumping performance of resultant metamorphs. This effect is likely a consequence of tail-clipped tadpoles developing shorter hindlimbs as metamorphs, which is parallel to their reduced body condition. 5. Therefore, predator attacks in the tail may be less potentially mortal than those in the head and body, but have costs in terms of an efficient antipredatory response that persist in post-metamorphic stage. This effect might compromise metamorph ability to survive subsequent predator attacks.

Figure 3 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

Figure 3 Color variation in Pelobatescultripes, P.varaldii, P.fuscus and P.vespertinus. Photo credits and origins as follows a CD (Hérault, France) b, c CD (Algarve, Portugal) d A Sanchez Vialas (Spain) e G Martinez (Kenitra, Morocco) f–h A Sanchez Vialas (Tanger, Morocco) i, j N Suriadna (Ukraine) k CD (Wojewodztwo podkarpackie, Poland) l A Nöllert (Burgenland, Austria) m–p N Suriadna (Ukraine).

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

: Data type: measurement

Figure 2 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

Figure 2 Between-population variation of average size (snout–vent length – SVL) for each Pelobates species, measured separately for females (pink) and males (blue). This compiles average size-data from 82 populations, representing at least 6,004 individuals (Suppl. material 1, Table S1). For P.balcanicus, it only includes populations from the nominal P.b.balcanicus. For P.syriacus, it only includes populations from P.s.boettgeri.

Figure 1 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

Figure 1 Phylogeny and distribution of Pelobates taxa. The tree is adapted from the phylogenomic analysis of Dufresnes et al. (2019b), and the map was built from known records updated with genetic data (see accounts). Note that the distribution of P.vespertinus extends further east to Kazakhstan and Siberia. Photo credits: CD (P.cultripes, P.b.chloeae), SNL (P.s.boettgeri), IS (P.b.balcanicus), A Sanchez Vialas (P.varaldii), A Nöllert (P.fuscus), N Suriadna (P.vespertinus).

Figure 5 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

Figure 5 Description of Pelobatesbalcanicuschloeae. Top live photograph of the holotype, NHMC 80.2.15.10 (CD, taken on December 10th 2018); middle dorsal and lateral views of the type specimens (left NHMC 80.2.15.10; right NHMC 80.2.15.11) post-mortem (IS); bottom Strofylia meadows, the type locality in Peloponnese, Greece (ET).

Figure 4 from: Dufresnes C, Strachinis I, Tzoras E, Litvinchuk SN, Denoël M (2019) Call a spade a spade: taxonomy and distribution of Pelobates, with description of a new Balkan endemic. ZooKeys 859: 131-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.33634

Figure 4 Color variation in Pelobatessyriacus and P.balcanicus. Photo credits and origins as follows a, b G Hamoivitch (Israël) c R Winkler (Israël) d G Martinez (Israël) e IS (Limnos, Greece) f SNL (European Turkey) g IS (Limnos, Greece) h A Nöllert (Dagestan, Russia) i MD (Danube Delta, Romania) j IS (Thrace, Greece) k IS (Macedonia, Greece) l IS (Evia, Greece) m–o IS (Peloponnese, Greece) p CD (Peloponnese, Greece).