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15 results for “Philaenus”
Draft genome assembly version 1 of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae)
<p>We sequenced the genome of the meadow spittlebug, <em>Philaenus spumarius </em>(Linnaeus, 1758), the main insect vector of <em>Xylella fastidiosa </em>Wells et al. 1987 in Europe (Saponari et al., 2014), using 10x Chromium linked-reads. A single <em>P. spumarius</em> adult female from Portugal (Fontanelas, Sintra; GPS location: 38°50'15.75"N; 9°25'20.77"W), collected in September of 2018, was selected for genome sequencing. This population was initially surveyed for colour polymorphism in 1988 (Quartau & Borges, 1997) and was later included in phylogeographic and population genomic studies of this species (Rodrigues et al., 2014; Seabra et al., unpublished). It is also geographically close to the population from which the individual used for the first partial genome assembly was collected (Rodrigues et al., 2016). The availability of this previous genetic information contributed to the choice of this population as the source of genomic material for whole genome sequencing. A subset of males from the same collection date were analysed for genitalia morphology to confirm species identification, as the best diagnostic characters are the appendages of the aedeagus (Drosopoulos & Quartau, 2002).</p> <p>The genomic DNA of the <em>P. spumarius</em> adult from Sintra was extracted using Illustra Nucleon Phytopure kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (GE Healthcare). We assessed the quality and concentration of the DNA using Femto fragment analyser (Agilent). 10x Chromium library preparation and Illumina genome sequencing (HiSeq X, 150bp paired-end) were performed by Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co, Beijing, China, in accordance with standard protocols.</p> <p>To create the <em>de novo</em> 10x Chromium assembly we ran Supernova 2.1.1 (Weisenfeld et al., 2017) on the 10x Chromium linked-read data with default parameters, using 1.0 billion reads corresponding to 56X coverage. To improve the initial supernova assembly, we performed iterative scaffolding using all of the 10x raw data (2.3 billion of reads). We ran two rounds of Scaff10x (https://github.com/wtsi-hpag/Scaff10X), followed by mis-assembly detection and correction with Tigmint (Jackman et al., 2018). This was followed by a final round of scaffolding with ARCS (Yeo et al., 2018). The assembly was checked for contamination using the BlobTools pipeline (version 0.9.19; Laetsch and Blaxter 2017; Kumar et al., 2013) and k-mer content was analysed with the KAT comp tool (Mapleson et al., 2017). In order to perform these analyses, it was necessary to remove the 10x linked barcodes from the reads with the script process_10xReads.py (https://github.com/ucdavis-bioinformatics/proc10xG). We assessed the quality of our draft genome assembly by searching for conserved, single copy, arthropod genes (n=1,066) with Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) v3.0 (Waterhouse et al., 2018).</p> <p>With the above assembly procedure, we obtained a final assembly of 2.7 Gb, having a scaffold N50 length of 116 Kb (contig N50 = 18 Kb) and the longest scaffold was 3.7 Mb. The length of the assembly was consistent with the genome size estimated by flow cytometry (Rodrigues et al., 2016). The k-mer distribution indicated high heterozygosity, estimated at 2.3%. BlobTools analyses revealed the presence of contigs assigned to <em>Sodalis </em>spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), a symbiont in members of tribe Philaenini (Koga et al., 2013). These contigs were filtered from the final assembly. Gene completeness assessment shows that 956 (89.6%) among 1,066 BUSCOs were found as complete copies, with only 26 (2.4%) missing. Of the BUSCOs that were detected, 878 (82.4%) were complete and single-copy, 78 (7.3%) were complete and duplicated and 84 (7.9%) were fragmented.</p> <p>In conclusion, due in part to high (2.3%) heterozygosity levels, the <em>P. spumarius</em> version 1 genome assembly is highly fragmented. Nonetheless, the assembly is considered complete and is likely to contain the majority of the gene content of <em>P. spumarius.</em></p>
Dataset - Sex and Habitat effects on Verrallia aucta parasitism in Philaenus spumarius in Scotland
<p>This csv file contains data for analysis on the sex and habitat effects on <i>Verrallia aucta</i> parasitism in <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> in Scotland. <i>P. spumarius</i> were sampled from three different habitat types within eleven sites across Scotland and molecularly screened for <i>V. aucta</i> parasitism using qPCR. Csv file contains total number of <i>P. spumarius </i>samples, total number of <i>V. aucta </i>positive <i>P. spumarius </i>samples and percent positive, per sex and habitat, within each site.</p>
Fig. 2 in Population Genetics Of Philaenus Spumarius On The Istranca Mountains: Ii. Polymorphism And Phenotype Frequency
Fig. 2. The chart for the combined four major phenotype categories of Philaenus spumarius showing the frequency distributions on the Istranca Mountains, Turkey. From left to right, three groups of bars blank, dotted hatched, and dark coloured bars of the diagrams indicate POP, TYP, TRI+VIT, and melanic (MAR+LAT+FLA+LCE). The height of the bar indicates the percentage (numbers are given at
Fig. 1 in Population Genetics Of Philaenus Spumarius On The Istranca Mountains: Ii. Polymorphism And Phenotype Frequency
Fig. 1. Dorsal colour/pattern phenotypes of Philaenus spumarius found on the Istranca Mountains, Turkey (abbreviations are described in the text)
Fig. 3 in Population Genetics Of Philaenus Spumarius On The Istranca Mountains: Ii. Polymorphism And Phenotype Frequency
Fig. 3. Combined phenotype frequency distributions of Philaenus spumarius for three types of habitat on the Istranca Mountains, Turkey. Separate diagrams for females and males denote the habitats from top to the bottom: Mixed, Oak, and Beech forests respectively. From left to right, the bars of the diagrams indicate; 1: POP, 2: TYP, 3: TRI+VIT, 4: MAR+LAT, 5: FLA+LCE. The height of the bar
Morphologic and metabolic data of Philaenus spumarius froghoppers
<p>The xylem sap of vascular plants is an unlikely source of nutrition, being both nutrient poor and held under tensions (negative pressures) that can exceed 1 MPa. But some insects feed on xylem sap exclusively, extracting copious quantities using a muscular cibarial pump. However, neither the strength of the insect's suction, nor the direct energetic cost of xylem ingestion, have ever been quantified. <i>Philaenus spumarius</i> froghoppers were used to address these gaps in our knowledge. Micro-CT scans of its cibarium and measurements of cibarial muscle sarcomere length revealed that <i>P. spumarius</i> can generate a maximum tension of 1.3 ± 0.2 MPa within its cibarium. The energetic cost of xylem extraction was quantified using respirometry to measure the metabolic rate (MR) of <i>P. spumarius</i> while they fed on hydroponically-grown legumes, while xylem sap excretion rate and cibarial pumping frequency were simultaneously recorded. Increasing the plants' xylem tensions up to 1.1 MPa by exposing their roots to polyethylene glycol did not reduce the insects' rate of xylem excretion, but significantly increased both MR and pumping frequency. We conclude that <i>P. spumarius</i> can gain energy feeding on xylem sap containing previously reported energy densities and at xylem tensions up to their maximum suction capacity.</p>
Evolution of the hatching probability of Philaenus spumarius in the Iberian Peninsula from 2017 to 2018
<p>Evolution of the hatching probability of Philaenus spumarius in the Iberian Peninsula from 2017 to 2018 using temperature data from ERA5-Land. White dots correspond to nymphs that were observed in those given locations (coordinates) on a given date. Here 3 different videos to represent the evolution of the hatching probability considering the starting point for GDD accumulation on three different dates: the 1st of November, the 1<sup>st</sup> of December. and the 1<sup>st</sup> of January. </p>
Morphologic and metabolic data of Philaenus spumarius froghoppers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURES 15. 1 in The spittle bug Philaenus tesselatus Melichar, 1899 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cercopidae) is a distinct species
FIGURES 15. 1. Aedeagus of P. t e s s e l a t u s, after Wagner (1959) ventrocaudal view; 2. Aedeagus of P. tesselatus, dorsal from the under side view (Alentejo, south of Lisbon); 3. Aedeagus of P. s p u marius, after Drosopoulos & Asche (1991) dorsal from the under side view,from Greece; 4. Aedeagus of P. spumarius dorsal from the under side view (Óbidos and Fontanelasnorth of Lisbon). 5. Aedeagus of P.spumarius dorsal from the under side view (LouléAlgarve).
Preliminary study on the toxic effect of plant extracts against Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)
<p>Data about: </p> <p>Figure 1 – Mean percentage (± SD) of mortality of <em>P. spumarius</em> adults recorded 1 h after treatment with different doses (0.25-2%) of Form A and with deltamethrin.</p> <p>Figure 2 - Lethal doses of different doses (0.25-2%) of Form A on <em>P. spumarius</em> at 1 h after treatment.</p> <p>Figure 3 – Mean percentage (± SD) of mortality of <em>P. spumarius</em> adults recorded 1 h after treatment with different doses (0.75-6%) of Form B and with deltamethrin.</p>
FIGURE 1 in New data on polymorphism of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) from the island of São Miguel (Azores)
FIGURE 1. The Philaenus spumarius morph quadrimaculatus (QUA) found in the Azores, island of S. Miguel (Tronqueira Viewpoint): (a) photo by Hanno Schaefer, summer of 2010; and (b) photo by Paulo A.V. Borges, August 2013.
FIGURE 2 in New data on polymorphism of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) from the island of São Miguel (Azores)
FIGURE 2. Frequencies of the four Philaenus spumarius colour morphs found in Azores: (a) at Tronqueira Viewpoint and Graminhais Grassland in 2000; (b) at Pico da Vara Mountain—Lomba da Fazenda trail in 2017; and (c) and the pooled results. Frequencies are shown by sex with proportion in Y axis and absolute values inside bars.
Fig. 3 in Electrophysiological responses of Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris females to plant volatiles
Fig. 3. Results of dual choice Y-tube olfactometer bioassays performed with P. spumarius females to (1R)-(+)-camphor, sabinene, (S)-()-limonene, ()-α-pinene and (+)-α-pinene. N, number of replicates, NC number of individuals that didn't respond.
Fig. 1 in Electrophysiological responses of Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris females to plant volatiles
Fig. 1. Projection to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) of volatile compounds identified in different plant species. The score plot visualizes the structure of the samples according to the first two PLS components, with explained variance in brackets.
Fig. 2 in Electrophysiological responses of Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris females to plant volatiles
Fig. 2. (a) Representative GC-EAD traces of female P. spumarius, to VOCs of C. creticus, n = 15. Electrophysiologically-active compounds are numbered: 1) β-pinene, 2) limonene, 3) cis-sabinene hydrate, 4) isoborneol, 5) δ-elemene, 6) β-selinene, top, GC trace (FID); bottom, antennal signal (EAD). (b) Total ion chromatogram of a C. creticus sample. The most abundant peaks have been annotated.
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