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17 results for “Phytoplankton growth”
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates from NES-LTER transect cruises, ongoing since 2018.
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were measured from incubation experiments using the dilution method in the framework of the Northeast U.S. Shelf Long-Term Ecological Research project. The data set includes plankton population dynamics rates obtained during 12 cruises from winter 2018 (EN608) to summer 2022 (EN687) along a north/south transect from Martha’s Vineyard to the shelf-break. Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were measured for the total phytoplankton community (chl-a concentrations) and for size fractions (chl-a size fractionation) less than and greater than 10 µm. Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates, the first trophic interaction between primary producers and higher trophic levels, are essential parameters to assess the cycling and export of carbon in the ocean and to better understand marine food webs.
Data for creating figures to the paper "Assessing Net Growth of Phytoplankton Biomass on Hourly to Annual Timescales Using the Geostationary Ocean Color Instrument."
<p>Processed data to generate figures for the paper "Assessing Net Growth of Phytoplankton Biomass on Hourly to Annual Timescales Using the Geostationary Ocean Color Instrument."</p> <p>The rate at which microscopic ocean plants, or phytoplankton, consume carbon dioxide represents a gap in scientific knowledge that needs to be filled in order to better model the earth system. To aid in this understanding we use a novel technique that allows us to track the growth behavior of phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea and the East Sea-Japan Sea. This is enabled by using satellite data from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, which has the unprecedented ability to collect quality biological information from the ocean surface each daylight hour. We find that the results, while in agreement with local observations and other satellite studies, also contain information about how phytoplankton change over daily to annual cycles and how native communities adapt in response to the annual solar cycle. This information is useful to the ocean modeling community, that seeks to understand various ways in which phytoplankton communities affect the cycling of Earth’s carbon.</p>
Cascading effects augment the direct impact of CO2 on phytoplankton growth in a biogeochemical model, links to model results
<p>This dataset provides the output of eight model simulations with the global ocean biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM necessary to reproduce the findings of Seifert et al. (2022). In addition to information on the mesh, the dataset contains 1) 5-year means of global phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll, net primary production, growth rates, limitations, calcification, grazing rates, calcite concentrations, zooplankton biomass, export fluxes as well as CO<sub>2(aq)</sub>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and nutrient concentrations, and 2) a time series of global and North Atlantic coccolithophore biomass, temperature, and CO<sub>2(aq)</sub> concentrations from 1958 to 2018.</p> <p>File names refer to the Figures and Tables in the paper where the respective data are used. See “readme” for detailed information on the dataset and separate files.</p>
Particle trajectories - Freilich et al. "Diversity of growth rates maximizes phytoplankton productivity in an eddying ocean"
<p>The files provided here are the offline particle trajectories analyzed in Freilich, Flierl, and Mahadevan “Diversity of growth rates maximizes phytoplankton productivity in an eddying ocean”</p> <p>Both files are sqlite databases containing information about the same particle trajectories which are identified by the variable “iD”</p> <p> </p> <p>ini_day135_z115_forward_biology.db contains nutrient concentration on particle trajectories. A different biological rate lambda is used for each variable denoted NX where X is 0-13. The rates are: 0.015,0.075,0.15,0.3,0.75,1.5,3,10,15,20,50,75,100,120</p> <p>The variable DOY is the model day. </p> <p> </p> <p>ini_day135_z115_physical_forward.db contains the physical variables on particle trajectories. The variables are:</p> <p>x - east-west position</p> <p>y - north-south position</p> <p>z - vertical position</p> <p>u - east-west velocity</p> <p>v - north-south velocity</p> <p>w - vertical velocity</p> <p>vorticity - vertical component of relative vorticity</p>
Organic compounds drive growth in phytoplankton taxa from different functional groups
<p>Phytoplankton are usually considered autotrophs, but an increasing number of studies shows that many taxa are able to also utilise organic carbon. Acquiring nutrients and energy from different sources might enable an efficient uptake of required substances and provide a strategy to deal with a varying resource availability, especially in highly dynamic ecosystems such as estuaries. In our study we investigated the effects of 31 organic carbon sources on the growth (proxied by differences in cell counts after 24 h exposure) of 17 phytoplankton strains from the Elbe estuary spanning four functional groups. All of our strains were able to make use of at least 1 and up to 26 organic compounds for growth. Pico-sized green algae such as <em>Mychonastes</em>, as well as the nano-sized green alga <em>Monoraphidium </em>in particular were positively affected by a high variety of substances. Reduced light availability, typically appearing in turbid estuaries and similar habitats, resulted in an overall poorer ability to utilise organic substances for growth, indicating that organic carbon acquisition was not primarily a strategy to deal with darkness. Our results give further evidence for mixotrophy being an ubiquitous ability of phytoplankton and highlight the importance to consider this trophic strategy in research.</p>
Data from: Snail communities increase submerged macrophyte growth by grazing epiphytic algae and phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment
<p><span>The relationships between producers (e.g., macrophytes, phytoplankton and epiphytic algae) and snails play an important role in maintaining the function and stability of shallow ecosystems. Complex relationships exist among macrophytes, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton and snails. We studied the effects of snail communities (consisting of <em>Radix swinhoei</em>, <em>Hippeutis cantori</em>, <em>Bellamya aeruginosa</em> and <em>Parafossarulus striatulus</em>) on the biomass of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae as well as on the growth of three species of submerged macrophytes (<em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>, <em>Vallisneria natans</em> and one exotic submerged plant, <em>Elodea nuttallii</em>) in a 90-day outdoor mesocosm experiment conducted on the shore of subtropical Lake Liangzihu, China.</span></p> <p><span>This dataset including morphological data of three group organisms: freshwater snails, macrophytes and epiphytic algae. In addition, the environmental parameters were included. </span><span>Morphological data of snails is including biomass (g) and number (ind.). Morphological data of macrophytes is including biomass (g). Epiphytic algae data is including abundance (<em>N</em>, cells). Phytoplankton data is including biomass (Chl-a, μg/L).</span></p>
Data from: Snail communities increase submerged macrophyte growth by grazing epiphytic algae and phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment
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Organic compounds drive growth in phytoplankton taxa from different functional groups
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Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates from CCE LTER Process cruises in the California Current System, 2006 - 2017.
Rates of phytoplankton community growth and microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton were assessed from chlorophyll a analyses of in situ dilution incubations as described in Landry et al. (2009). For each experiment (Array #), seawater was collected from predawn CTD (~2 a.m. local time) casts at 6-8 depths spanning the upper to lower euphotic zone. For each depth, we prepared a pair of polycarbonate bottles (2.7 L), one with whole seawater (100%), and one with 33% whole seawater (diluted with 0.1-µm filtered seawater) at each depth. Seawater was filtered directly from the Niskin bottles using a peristaltic pump, silicone tubing and an in-line Suporcap filter capsule that had previously been acid washed (10% trace-metal grade HCl followed by Milli-Q and seawater rinses). Dilution treatment bottles received pre-measured volumes of filtered water from the collection depths, and then were gently filled (silicone tubing below the water level) with unscreened water from the Niskin bottles. The filled bottles were tightly capped, placed into net bags and clipped onto attached rings at the depth of collection on a tether line attached to a satellite-tracked surface drifter (WOCE SVP) with a top strobe light, Globalstar telemetry and a 3-m holey-sock drogue centered at 15-m (mixed layer). Incubations were done in situ for 24-h (daily) to get daily averaged rates. In most cases, repeated experiments/deployments were done over the course of 2-5 days, using water collected each morning at the location of the drifter. These back-to-back experiments define experimental “cycles”. The second set of experiments were set up, before recovering the first. Hand recovery of the array, switching of net bags and redeployment was generally completed in 15-20 min. Rate estimates are based on initial and final subsamples (250 ml) taken for fluorometric analyses of Chl a. The samples were immediately filtered onto GF/F filters, and the Chl a extracted with 90% acetone in a dark refrigerator
Data for: Arctic mid-winter phytoplankton growth revealed by autonomous profilers
<p>These two files capture the bulk of the data behind our study "Arctic mid-winter phytoplankton growth revealed by autonomous profilers", published in Science Advances: <a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/39/eabc2678">https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/39/eabc2678</a></p> <p>Specifically, "Baffin-Bay-2017-19-BGC-floats.csv" contains vertical profiles of optical, biogeochemical, and hydrographic data as sampled by the biogeochemical Argo floats. "Baffin-Bay-2017-19-lightfield-model.csv" contains vertical profiles of daily photosynthetically available radiation as modelled following A. Morel, Light and marine photosynthesis: A spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications. Prog. Oceanogr. 26, 263–306 (1991).</p> <p>These data were sampled by autonomous BGC Argo floats from July 2017 through July 2019 in Baffin Bay, an Arctic sea situated between Nunavut (Canada) and Greenland.</p> <p>Our study makes use of several other ancillary data sets. These are archived together with the complete workflow to produce the analysis and manuscript at doi:10.5281/zenodo.3945046.</p> <p>These data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it. (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu, http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. See <a href="https://doi.org/10.17882/42182">https://doi.org/10.17882/42182</a></p>
Data from: Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometric responses to warming, nutrient addition and grazing depend on lake productivity and cell size
<p>Global change involves shifts in multiple environmental factors that act in concert to shape ecological systems in ways that depend on local biotic and abiotic conditions. Little is known about the effects of combined global change stressors on phytoplankton communities, and particularly how these are mediated by distinct community properties such as productivity, grazing pressure and size distribution. Here, we tested for the effects of warming and eutrophication on phytoplankton net growth rate and C:N:P stoichiometry in two phytoplankton cell size fractions (<30 μm and >30 μm) in the presence and absence of grazing in microcosm experiments. Because effects may also depend on lake productivity, we used phytoplankton communities from three Dutch lakes spanning a trophic gradient. We measured the response of each community to multifactorial combinations of temperature, nutrient, and grazing treatments and found that nutrients elevated net growth rates and reduced carbon:nutrient ratios of all three phytoplankton communities. Warming effects on growth and stoichiometry depended on nutrient supply and lake productivity, with enhanced growth in the most productive community dominated by cyanobacteria, and strongest stoichiometric responses in the most oligotrophic community at ambient nutrient levels. Grazing effects were also most evident in the most oligotrophic community, with reduced net growth rates and phytoplankton C:P stoichiometry that suggests consumer‐driven nutrient recycling. Our experiments indicate that stoichiometric responses to warming and interactions with nutrient addition and grazing are not universal but depend on lake productivity and cell size distribution.</p>
Data from: Impact of native and non-native aquatic plants on methane emission and phytoplankton growth
Freshwater plants affect the ecosystem functioning of shallow aquatic ecosystems. However, because native plants are threatened by environmental change such as eutrophication, global warming and biological invasions, continued ecosystem functioning may be at risk. In this study, we explored how the growth of native and non-native plant species in eutrophic, warm conditions impacts two plant ecosystem functions: regulation of phytoplankton growth and methane emission. We expected that plants would inhibit phytoplankton growth, while for methane emission both inhibition and stimulation are possible. We conducted an outdoor experiment using monocultures of four native and four non-native freshwater plant species planted at three different densities, as well as a no-plant control. Monocultures of each species were planted in 65 L mesocosms and after three weeks of acclimatisation each mesocosm was inoculated with phytoplankton. Subsequently, we added nutrients twice a week for eight weeks, before harvesting the plant biomass. During these eight weeks, we measured chlorophyll-a concentration thirteen times and the diffusive methane emissions once after four weeks. The mesocosms amplified the temperature of a warm summer so that plants were exposed to higher-than-average temperatures. We found that five plant species lost biomass, two species increased their biomass only at the highest initial plant density (native Myriophyllum spicatum and non-native Lagarosiphon major) and a single species increased its biomass at all densities (on average 14 times its initial mass; amphibious non-native Myriophyllum aquaticum). Overall, the mean biomass change of non-natives was positive, whereas that of natives was negative. This difference in biomass change between native and non-native plants did not relate to overall differences in phytoplankton mass or diffusive methane emissions. In mesocosms where submerged plant species gained biomass, chlorophyll-a concentration was lower than in the no-plant control and mesocosms with biomass loss. Diffusive methane emissions were highest in mesocosms where plants lost considerable biomass, likely because it increased substrate availability for methanogenesis. However, mesocosms where plant biomass increased had emissions similar to the no-plant control, hence we found no inhibitory effects of plant presence on diffusive methane emission. We conclude that plant growth in eutrophic, warm conditions varies strongly with plant identity. Our results furthermore suggest that plant identity determines whether the replacement of native by non-native freshwater plants will alter ecosystem functions such as regulation of phytoplankton growth and methane emission.
Data from: The effect of elevated CO2 on growth and competition in experimental phytoplankton communities
We report an experiment designed to identify the effect of elevated CO2 on species of phytoplankton in a simple laboratory system. Major taxa of phytoplankton differ in their ability to take up CO2, which might lead to predictable changes in the growth rate of species and thereby shifts in the composition of phytoplankton communities in response to rising CO2. Six species of phytoplankton belonging to three major taxa (cyanobacteria, diatoms and chlorophytes) were cultured in atmospheres whose CO2 concentration was gradually increased from ambient levels to 1000 parts per million over about 100 generations and then maintained for a further 200 generations at elevated CO2. The experimental design allowed us to trace a predictive sequence, from physiological features to the growth response of species to elevated CO2 in pure culture, from the growth response in pure culture to competitive ability in pairwise mixtures and from pairwise competitive ability to shifts in the relative abundance of species in the full community of all six species. CO2 altered the dynamics of growth in a fashion consistent with known differences among major taxa in their ability to take up and use CO2. This pure-culture response was partly successful in predicting the outcome of competition in pairwise mixtures, especially the enhanced competitive ability of chlorophytes relative to cyanobacteria, although generally statistical support was weak. The competitive response in pairwise mixtures was a good predictor of changes in competitive ability in the full community. Hence, there is a potential for forging a logical chain of inferences for predicting how phytoplankton communities will respond to elevated CO2. Clearly further extensive experiments will be required to validate this approach in the greater complexity found in diverse communities and environments of natural systems.
Data from: The effect of elevated CO2 on growth and competition in experimental phytoplankton communities
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Data from: Impact of native and non-native aquatic plants on methane emission and phytoplankton growth
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Data from: Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometric responses to warming, nutrient addition and grazing depend on lake productivity and cell size
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Pico-phytoplankton abundance, growth and grazing rates along 110°E in the eastern Indian Ocean
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