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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Breeding Avifauna Of The Waste Water Treatment Plants, Located In Northern Left-Bank Part Of Ukraine

Fig. 3. Number of birds of ecological groups in zones: 1— landscape-biotopic characteristic; 2 — nests' location.

Figs 3-6 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Figs 3-6. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Plumbeous Ibis (Theristicus caerulescens) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 3, two adults building a nest at Poconé, MT (photo by Eric Gallardo); 4, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (photo by Ademir Carletti); 5, an adult and a nestling in a nest at Corumbá, MS (photo by Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios); 6, an adult feeding a young on the ground at Poconé, MT (photo by Maria Beatriz Felgar de Toledo). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database.

Figs 7-10 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Figs 7-10. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Buff-necKed Ibis (Theristicus caudatus) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 7, two adults and a nest being built at Poconé, MT (photo by Ronaldo Duarte); 8, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (Photo by Antonio Carlos Iglesias); 9, a young being cared in a nest at Miranda, MS (Photo by Suzana Maria Salis); 10, two young with adults in a nest at Aquidauana, MS (Photo by Ana Aquino). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database, except for Fig. 9.

Fig. 1 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Fig. 1. Municipalities in which records (photographs) with evidences of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) were obtained by us and citizens between 2007 and 2019 in the Brazilian Pantanal (gray area). Taquari river divides this Brazilian wetland in two portions: that of Mato Grosso state (where Poconé is located) and that of Mato Grosso do Sul state (where Corumbá, Miranda and Aquidauana are located).

Fig. 2 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil

Fig. 2. Seasonal occurrence of records of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, based on records (photographs) obtained during our field observations, and bY citizens, between 2007 and 2019. Data bY citizens was gathered in the WikiAves and eBird databases in March 2020. The horizontal bars in light and dark blue colors indicate the length of the dry and rainy seasons in the Pantanal, respectively.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Specialized breeding in plants affects diversification trajectories in Neotropical frogs

Many animals breed exclusively in plants that accumulate rainwater (phytotelma; e.g., bromeliad, bamboo, fruit husk, and tree hole), to which they are either physiologically or behaviorally specialized for this microhabitat. Of the numerous life-history modes observed in frogs, few are as striking or potentially consequential as the transition from pond- or stream-breeding to the deposition of eggs or larvae in phytotelmata. Such specialization can increase offspring survivorship due to reduced competition and predation, representing potential ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation, yet few lineages of phytotelma-breeding frogs appear to have diversified extensively after such a transition, at least in the New World. We use a phylogeny of Neotropical frogs and data on breeding microhabitat to understand the evolutionary transitions involved with specialized phytotelma-breeding. First, we find that phytotelma-breeding is present in at least 168 species in 10 families of frogs. Across the phylogeny, we estimate 14 origins of phytotelma-breeding and 115 reversals, showing that phytotelma-breeding is a highly labile character. Second, phytotelma-breeding lineages overall have higher net diversification than non-phytotelma-breeding ones. This specialization represents an ecological opportunity resulting in increased diversification in most families with phytotelma-breeding lineages, whereas phytotelma-breeding toads have restricted diversification histories.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Supplementary files from: Improving inference and avoiding over-interpretation of hidden-state diversification models: Specialized plant breeding has no effect on diversification in frogs

The hidden-state speciation and extinction (HiSSE) model helps avoid spurious results when testing whether a character affects diversification rates. However, care must be taken to optimally analyze models and interpret results. Recently, Tonini et al. (2020; TEA hereafter) studied anuran (frog and toad) diversification with HiSSE methods. They concluded that their focal state, breeding in phytotelmata, increases net diversification rates. Yet this conclusion is counterintuitive, because the state that purportedly increases net diversification rates is 14 times rarer among species than the alternative. Herein I revisit TEA's analyses and demonstrate problems with inferring model likelihoods, conducting post-hoc tests, and interpreting results. I also re-evaluate their top models and find that diverse strategies are necessary to reach the parameter values that maximize each model's likelihood. In contrast to TEA, I find no support for an effect of phytotelm breeding on net diversification rates in Neotropical anurans. In particular, even though the most highly supported models include the focal character, averaging parameter estimates over hidden states shows that the focal character does not influence diversification rates. Finally, I suggest ways to better analyze and interpret complex diversification models – both state-dependent and beyond – for future studies in other organisms.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Data from: A trait‒environment relationship approach to participatory plant breeding for organic agriculture

The extent of intraspecific variation in trait‒environment relationships is an open question with limited empirical support in crops. In organic agriculture, with high environmental heterogeneity, this knowledge could guide breeding programs to optimize crop attributes. We propose a three-dimensional framework involving crop performance, crop traits, and environmental axes to uncover the multidimensionality of trait‒environment relationships within a crop. We modeled instantaneous photosynthesis (Asat) and water-use efficiency (WUE) as functions of four phenotypic traits, three soil variables, five carrot (D. carota) varieties, and their interactions in a national participatory plant breeding program involving a suite of farms across Canada. We used these interactions to describe the resulting 12 trait‒environment relationships across varieties. We found one significant trait‒environment relationship for Asat (taproot tissue density‒soil phosphorus), which was consistent across varieties. For WUE, we found that three relationships (petiole diameter‒soil nitrogen, petiole diameter‒soil phosphorus, and leaf area‒soil phosphorus) varied significantly across varieties. As a result, WUE was maximized by different combinations of trait values and soil conditions depending on the variety. Our three-dimensional framework supports the identification of functional traits behind the differential responses of crop varieties to environmental variation and thus guides breeding programs to optimize crop attributes from an eco-evolutionary perspective.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Study of the genetic and phenotypic variation among wild and cultivated clary sages provides interesting avenues for breeding programs of a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant

A road-map of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in both crops and their wild-related species can help identifying valuable genetic resources for further crop breeding. The clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant, is used for sclareol production and ornamental purposes. Despite its wide use in the field of cosmetics, the phenotypic and genetic diversity of wild and cultivated clary sage remains to be explored. We characterized the genetic and phenotypic variation of a collection of six wild S. sclarea populations from Croatia, sampled along an altitudinal gradient, and of populations of three S. sclarea cultivars. We showed low level of genetic diversity for the two S. sclarea traditional cultivars used for essential oil production and for ornamental purposes, respectively. In contrast, a recent cultivar resulting from new breeding methods, which involve hybridizations among several genotypes rather than traditional recurrent selection and self-crosses over time, showed high genetic diversity. We also observed a marked phenotypic differentiation for the ornamental clary sage compared with other cultivated and wild clary sages. Instead, the two cultivars used for essential oil production, a traditional and a recent, respectively, were not phenotypically differentiated from the wild Croatian populations. Our results also featured some wild populations with high sclareol content and early-flowering phenotypes as good candidates for future breeding programs. This study opens up perspectives for basic research aiming at understanding the impact of breeding methods on clary sage evolution, and highlights interesting avenues for clary breeding programs.

publicJul 2020View details →

Data from: Specialized breeding in plants affects diversification trajectories in Neotropical frogs

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publicJun 2022View details →

Study of the genetic and phenotypic variation among wild and cultivated clary sages provides interesting avenues for breeding programs of a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant

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publicMay 2022View details →

Data from: A trait‒environment relationship approach to participatory plant breeding for organic agriculture

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publicDec 2021View details →

Supplementary files from: Improving inference and avoiding over-interpretation of hidden-state diversification models: Specialized plant breeding has no effect on diversification in frogs

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opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae

Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).

opennotspecifiedDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 1. Breeding host and habitat for many E in Taxonomic review of the plant bug subfamily Isometopinae for Taiwan and Japanese Southwest Islands, with descriptions of new taxa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae)

FIGURE 1. Breeding host and habitat for many E Asian isometopines, Fraxinus griffithii (A–B) and live adult individuals of Myiomma kentingense sp. nov. (C–D) Isometopus bipunctatus Lin (E–F) and I. takaii Yasunaga (G). A. Fraxinus griffithii preserved in Kenting National Forest, S. Taiwan. B. Fraxinus griffithii, bark. C & E. Adult male. D, F & G. Adult female. Photographed at Kenting, S. Taiwan, except for G on Ishigaki Island.

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

Fig. 8 in What do Eumerus Meigen larvae feed on? New immature stages of three species (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in different plants

Fig. 8 "Bipartite" network between Eumerus species (right) and the genera of host plants (left). Length of the boxes show the number of interactions. Colors of the plant boxes: in red (dark color), genera with at least one species with economic value; in blue (light color), without economic value. Plant genera followed by plant family abbreviations as in Table 1

opennotspecifiedMay 2020View details →

Fig. 4 in What do Eumerus Meigen larvae feed on? New immature stages of three species (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in different plants

Fig. 4 Anterior spiracles (AS) of Eumerus larvae and puparia, apicoventral view. a Eumerus alpinus, puparium; SEM. b Eumerus figurans, larva; stereo microscope. c Eumerus superbus, puparium; SEM. O spiracular opening. Scale lines: a = 50 μm; b = 200 μm; c = 100 μm