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13 results for “Plant feeders”
Insect root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species in an alpine meadow
<p>Although herbivores are well known to incur positive density-dependent damage and mortality, thereby likely shaping plant community assembly, the response of belowground root feeders to changes in plant density has seldom been addressed. Locally rare plant species (with lower plant biomass per area) are often smaller with shallower roots than common species (with higher plant biomass per area) in competition-intensive grasslands. Likewise, root feeders are often distributed in the upper soil layers. We hypothesized therefore that root feeders would incur a negative density (biomass) dependent damage across plant species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the diversity and abundance of plant and root feeder species in an alpine meadow, and determined the diet of the root feeders using metabarcoding. Across all species, root feeder load decreased with increasing aboveground plant biomass, root biomass, and total plant biomass per area, indicating negative density dependence of damage across plant species. Aboveground plant biomass per area increased with increasing individual plant biomass and root depth per area across species, suggesting that rare plant species were smaller in size and had shallower root systems compared to common plant species. Both root biomass per area and root feeder biomass per area decreased with soil depth, but the root feeder biomass decreased disproportionally faster compared to root biomass with increasing root depth. Root feeder load decreased with increasing root depth, but was not correlated with the feeding preference of root feeder species. Moreover, the prediction derived from a random process incorporating vertical distributions of root biomass and root feeder biomass significantly accounted for interspecific variation in root feeder load. In conclusion, the data indicate that root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species. On this basis, we suggest that manipulative experiments should be conducted to determine the effect of the negative density-dependent damage on plant community structure, and that different types of plant-animal interactions should be concurrently examined to fully understand the effect of plant density on overall herbivore damage across plant species.</p>
Insect root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Do artificial nectar feeders affect bat–plant interactions in an Ecuadorian cloud forest?
Plant–pollinator interactions are critical to ecosystems. However, when artificial nectar feeders are available in an area, they could draw pollinators away from plants. We tested the effects of artificial nectar feeders in an Ecuadorian cloud forest on four aspects of bat–plant interactions: (1) bat relative abundance; (2) bat pollen loads; (3) flower visitation rates, and (4) breeding success of a bat-pollinated species (Burmeistera glabrata). We divided the study site into areas close to (~30 m) and far from (~500 m) three different feeder sites. At each distance, we captured nectar bats (Anoura caudifer, Anoura cultrata, and Lonchophylla robusta) to estimate their relative abundance and to collect pollen from fur and fecal samples. We also videotaped flowers to estimate bat visitation rates and recorded different breeding success variables of B. glabrata. We found that areas close to feeders have higher relative bat abundance by a factor of 40. In spite of this, the presence of feeders did not affect bat pollen loads, nor the flower visitation rates and breeding success of B. glabrata. Interestingly, there were differences in pollen loads between the three bat species, in that L. robusta individuals rarely carried pollen and were only captured near feeders.
FIGURE 1. Dracaena spp. food plants. 1, D in Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders
FIGURE 1. Dracaena spp. food plants. 1, D. steudneri (or near), Misuku Forest, north Malawi, 20 May 2004; 2, typical D. laxissima, in cultivation; 3, D. camerooniana, in cultivation; 4, D. afromontana in cultivation.
FIGURES 43–50 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 43–50. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., aedeagus. 43, whole aedeagus, ventral; 44, median lobe, lateral; 45, apex of median lobe, lateral; 46, apex of median lobe, detail of dentate region; 47, paramere, internal view; 48, apex of paramere; 49, paramere, outer view; 50, apex of paramere. Scale bars: 43–44, 47, 49, 0.02 mm; 45, 50 0.01 mm; 46, 0.002 mm; 48, 0.003 mm.
FIGURES 26–28 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 26–28. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., antenna. 26, whole antenna; 27, antennomere 11; 28, detail of a sensillum of antennomere 11. Scale bars: 26, 27, 0.01 mm; 28, 0.001 mm.
FIGURES 1–2 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 1–2. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., holotype, male. 1, lateral habitus; 2, dorsal habitus. About 1.7 mm, from tip of the head to abdominal apex.
FIGURES 5–25 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 5–25. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., paratypes, 5, left mandible (dorsal), 6, left mandible (ventral), 7, mandible, ventrolateral view, with arrow indicating the medial tooth; 8, prementum; 9, labrum; 10, maxilla; tergite VIII (11, up, male;12, bottom, female); sternite VIII (13, up, male;14, bottom, female); 15, sternite X (male); 16, sternite IX (male); 17, sternites X and IX (female, arrow indicating SIX); 18, tergite X (male); 19, tergite X, female; 20, aedeagus; 21, medium lobe of aedeagus; 22, lateral lobe of aedeagus; 23, sponge-like structure of lateral lobe of aedeagus; 24, apex of lateral lobe of aedeagus; 25, spermatheca. Scale bars: 5–7, 11–25, 0.005 mm; 8, 0.0006 mm; 9, 0.002 mm; 10, 0.01 mm.
FIGURES 34–42 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 34–42. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., 34, dorsal habitus (male); 35, sternite VIII (male, rows of three bristles colored purple); 36, sternite VIII (female, rows of two bristles colored purple); 37, tergite VII; 38, tergite VII, detail of bristles at apical margin; 39, sternite IX (male); 40, sternite IX, apex (male); 41, tergite IX (male, one long bristle broken); 42, tergite X (male). Scale bars: 34, 0.1 mm; 35–37, 0.01 mm; 38, 0.001 mm; 39, 41–42, 0.02 mm; 40, 0.003.
FIGURES 3–4 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 3–4. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., paratype, female. 3, lateral habitus; 4, dorsal habitus. About 1.6 mm, from tip of the head to abdominal apex.
FIGURES 51–53 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 51–53. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov. on flowers of Cayaponia spp. 51, female flower of C. pilosa; 52, male flower of C. pilosa; 53, female flower of C. cabocla, close to the momentum the peduncle breaks.
FIGURES 29–33 in Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competition in pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)
FIGURES 29–33. Microlia cayaponia sp. nov., head. 29, dorsal; 30, ventral; 31, mentum-submentum; 32, right mandible, front-dorsal view; 33, right mandible, apex, with medial tooth colored purple. Scale bars: 29, 0.03 mm; 30, 0.02 mm; 31–32, 0.01 mm; 32, 0.003 mm.
Data from: Do artificial nectar feeders affect bat–plant interactions in an Ecuadorian cloud forest?
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