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5 results for “Platessa”
Macroscopic and histological image dataset of the European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) ovaries
<p><strong>Macroscopic and histological image dataset of the European plaice (</strong><em><strong>Pleuronectes platessa</strong></em><strong>) ovaries </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Authors:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Carine Sauger<sup>1</sup>, Jérôme Quinquis<sup>1</sup>, Kristell Kellner<sup>2</sup>, Clothilde Heude-Berthelin<sup>2</sup>, Mélanie Lepoittevin<sup>2</sup>, Nicolas Elie<sup>3</sup>, Laurent Dubroca<sup>1</sup></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Affiliations:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER). Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de Port-en-Bessin, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14520, Port-en-Bessin-Huppain, Calvados</p> <p>2 : Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (FRE 2030 BOREA). Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen, Calvados</p> <p>3 : Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie (SF 4206 ICORE, CMABIO3). Université de Caen Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen, Calvados</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contents: </strong>This dataset was established during a 6 month long Master’s degree internship (February to July 2019), under the IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer) project MATO (MATurité Objective des poissons par l’histologie quantitative), with the collaboration of two research facilities from the University of Caen-Normandie : BOREA (Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques) and CMABIO3 (Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie).</p> <p>This dataset contains the macroscopic and the histological images of the ovaries of 151 European plaices (female, <em>Pleuronectes platessa</em>) collected along the French Coast of the English Channel (ICES area 27.7.d) in 2017, 2018 and 2019.</p> <p><br> </p> <p><strong>Images:</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Full_Ovaries_Data.zip: </strong>archive in zip format of 151 pictures (.JPG; 8Mo-9Mo; sRGB; 6016x4000 pixels) of both ovaries from 151 female plaice dissected during this study. Each photo was taken by the same person with a Nikon camera (D3200), in the same room with identical lightening methods (no flash). For each picture, both ovaries were set on a blue background, with a 0.50€ coin for size calibration. The upper most ovary is the dorsal gonad of the fish while the lower one is the ventral gonad. The name of the picture is the same as the fish’s ID number.</p> </li> </ul> <p><br> </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Stereology_Readings_Data.zip:</strong> archive in zip format of two directories containing the images</p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Interagent_Calibration</strong>: the ovarian histological slides were digitized using an Aperio slide scanner (Scan Scope Console software, v.10.2.0.2352, Leica Biosystems), x20 lens. The pictures (.svs: Aperio single-file pyramidal tiled TIFF, with non-standard metadata and compression) are of the 20 histological slides used for the stereological count. 20 slides of 20 fish (with one slide per fish) were analyzed for the intercalibration analysis. The slides used were from the central position of the ventral ovary (V2).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Ovary_Slides</strong>: the ovarian histological slides were digitized using an Aperio slide scanner (Scan Scope Console software, v.10.2.0.2352, Leica Biosystems), x20 lens. The pictures (Aperio single-file pyramidal tiled TIFF, with non-standard metadata and compression) in this dataset are the 226 histological slides read during this study. With a total of 151 fish dissected, 151 ovarian histological slides of the median position of the ventral ovary were read. Among the remaining slides, 90 were read to analyze the homogeneous distribution of the different cell types. These 90 slides belong to 15 fish, with three histological samples taken in the anterior (1), median (2) and posterior (3) sections of the dorsal (D) and ventral (V) ovaries.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Data frames:</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Intergaent_read_me.txt</strong> : a text file (.txt) listing the acronyms used in the <strong>Interagent.csv</strong> file, as well as their meaning.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Interagent.csv</strong>: a text data file (.csv) with the output of two stereological readings, done by three agents for 15 slides, and by two agents for 20 slides. Between the first and second reading, a reading protocol was set up to help in the determination of the different structures. This protocol allowed the three agents to calibrate themselves with a determination key. This key was necessary for the identification of specific complex structures. The information contained in this table is as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p>agent: code id for the three agents that did the calibration exercise (A, B and C)</p> </li> <li> <p>num_fish: fish number for this study. Here we have 20 different fish</p> </li> <li> <p>fish_id: identification number of the fish. This id number is identical to the name given to the pictures of the full ovaries (<strong>Full_Ovaries_Data</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>scan_id: identification number of the digitized histological slide that was used for the stereological count (<strong>Stereology_Readings_Data </strong>/ <strong>Interagent_Calibration</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>total_points: total number of identified structures for the stereological sampling grid of a slide</p> </li> <li> <p>cell_type: abbreviation of the structure identified (reading protocol available here: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00501/61235/). In this study, we have 20 different structures</p> </li> <li> <p>hit_points: number of time a structure has been counted on a single slide</p> </li> <li> <p>Fract_estim: percentage (%) of times a structure was counted on a single slide =<em> (100 / total_point) * hit_points</em></p> </li> <li> <p>reading: reading number. In this study, we have two readings, the first (1) and the second (2)</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><br> </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Macros_read_me.txt</strong> : a text file (.txt) listing the acronyms used in the <strong>Macros.csv</strong> file, as well as their meaning.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Macros.csv</strong>: a text data file (.csv) containing macroscopic parameters measurements for all 151 fish that have been used during this study. The information contained in this table is as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p>num_fish: fish number for this study. Here we have 151 different female fish</p> </li> <li> <p>fish_id: identification number of the fish. This id number is identical to the name given to the pictures of the full ovaries (<strong>Full_Ovaries_Data</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>gon_pos: gonad position, with D being the dorsal gonad of the individual, and V being the ventral gonad.</p> </li> <li> <p>date: the date the fish was caught (dd/mm/yyyy)</p> </li> <li> <p>L_fish: total length of the fish (cm)</p> </li> <li> <p>W_fish: total weight of the fish (g)</p> </li> <li> <p>mat_estim: visually estimated maturity, after observation of the fish’s gonad with the naked eye, following the WKMATCH (ICES, 2012) scale</p> </li> <li> <p>age: estimated age (in years) of the fish, after analysis of the fish’s otolith. The IFREMER laboratory executed this analysis in Boulogne-sur-Mer (FRANCE)</p> </li> <li> <p>W_gon: gonad weight (g)</p> </li> <li> <p>Kurtosis*: kurtosis parameter</p> </li> <li> <p>Skewness*: skewness coefficient</p> </li> <li> <p>gon_area*: gonad area (mm²)</p> </li> <li> <p>L_gon*: gonad length (mm)</p> </li> <li> <p>width_gon*: maximum gonad width (mm)</p> </li> <li> <p>width_mid_L_gon*: width at mid-length of the gonad (mm)</p> </li> <li> <p>mean_col_index*: the mean color value of the different hues found on the ovary</p> </li> <li> <p>std_dev*: standard deviation of the mean_col_index</p> </li> <li> <p>modal*: modal value or the most frequently occurring color value within the selected ovary</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>*: values determined after image analysis of the <strong>Full_Ovaries_Data</strong> with the ImageJ software (v. 1.50J)</p> <p><br> </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Stereology_read_me.txt</strong> : a text file (.txt) listing the acronyms used in the <strong>Stereology.csv</strong> file, as well as their meaning.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Stereology.csv</strong>: a text data file (.csv) of the stereology count results of 226 slides read during this study. Among these slides, 90 were read to test the homogeneity distribution of different cell types found throughout each ovary (15 fish with 6 histological sections : a median, an anterior and a posterior histological section, for both ovaries), 20 slides were read by two agents for calibration purposes, and 15 of these 20 slides were also read by a third agent for calibration purposes. Finally, 151 median histological slides of the ventral ovary were also read. The information contained in this table is as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p>agent: code id for the 3 agents that did the calibration exercise (A, B and C)</p> </li> <li> <p>num_fish: fish number for this study. Here we have a total of 151 fish</p> </li> <li> <p>fish_id: identification number of the fish. This id number is identical to the name given to the pictures of the full ovaries (<strong>Full_Ovaries_Data</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>scan_id: identification number of the digitized histological slide that was used for the stereological count (<strong>Stereology_Readings_Data </strong>/ <strong>Ovary_Slides</strong>)</p> </li> <li> <p>reading: reading data to test the homogeneity of cell distributions throughout the ovaries (homogeneity), reading data of the 20 slides read for the inter-agent calibration, and reading data of all the slides (median)</p> </li> <li> <p>cell_type: abbreviation of the structure identified (reading protocol available here: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00501/61235/). In this study, we have 20 different structures</p> </li> <li> <p>point_id: identification number of the point inside the stereological sampling grid placed over the ovarian histology slide</p> </li> <li> <p>coord_x: x coordinate of the sampling point</p> </li> <li> <p>coord_y: y coordinate of the sampling point</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><br> </p> <p><strong>Contact :</strong></p> <p>For questions, please contact: <a href="mailto:carine.sauger@gmail.com">carine.sauger@gmail.com</a> or <a href="mailto:laurent.dubroca@ifremer.fr">laurent.dubroca@ifremer.fr</a></p>
FIGURE 1–60 in Platessa arborea sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): A new tree moss dwelling diatom from the Eastern Himalayas, India
FIGURE 1–60. Light microscope images of Platessa arborea sp. nov. Valves representing the size diminution series. 1–30. Raphesternum valve, and 31–60. Sternum valve. Scale bar: 10 μm.
FIGURE 61–67 in Platessa arborea sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae): A new tree moss dwelling diatom from the Eastern Himalayas, India
FIGURE 61–67. Platessa arborea sp. nov. SEM. 61. External view of the whole valve (Raphe-sternum valve) showing the striae arrangement and rectangular axial area at the middle of the valve. 62. External view of the whole valve (Sternum valve) showing the broad axial area at the center and biseriate striae near the mantle. 63. External view of apices showing the hooked proximal raphe ends and distal raphe end deflection. 64. Internal view of apices showing the proximal and distal raphe ends curvature and deflection. 65. Internal view of the whole valve (Raphe-sternum valve) showing the opposite deflection of both raphe ends and distal raphe ends with prominent helictoglossae. 66–67. Internal view of the whole valve (Sternum valve) showing the wide axial area and raised interstriae. Scale bars: = 1 μm (Figs 61–67).
An evolutionary explanation of female-biased sexual size dimorphism in North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
<p>Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is caused by differences in selection pressures and life-history trade-offs faced by males and females. Proximate causes of SSD may involve sex-specific mortality, energy acquisition, and energy expenditure for maintenance, reproductive tissues, and reproductive behavior. Using a quantitative, individual-based, eco-genetic model parameterized for North Sea plaice, we explore the importance of these mechanisms for female-biased SSD, under which males are smaller and reach sexual maturity earlier than females (common among fish, but also arising in arthropods and mammals). We consider two mechanisms potentially serving as ultimate causes: (a) Male investments in male reproductive behavior might evolve to detract energy resources that would otherwise be available for somatic growth, and (b) diminishing returns on male reproductive investments might evolve to reduce energy acquisition. In general, both of these can bring about smaller male body sizes. We report the following findings. First, higher investments in male reproductive behavior alone cannot explain the North Sea plaice SSD. This is because such higher reproductive investments require increased energy acquisition, which would cause a delay in maturation, leading to male-biased SSD contrary to observations. When accounting for the observed differential (lower) male mortality, maturation is postponed even further, leading to even larger males. Second, diminishing returns on male reproductive investments alone can qualitatively account for the North Sea plaice SSD, even though the quantitative match is imperfect. Third, both mechanisms can be reconciled with, and thus provide a mechanistic basis for, the previously advanced Ghiselin–Reiss hypothesis, according to which smaller males will evolve if their reproductive success is dominated by scramble competition for fertilizing females, as males would consequently invest more in reproduction than growth, potentially implying lower survival rates, and thus relaxing male–male competition. Fourth, a good quantitative fit with the North Sea plaice SSD is achieved by combining both mechanisms while accounting for sex-specific costs males incur during their spawning season. Fifth, evolution caused by fishing is likely to have modified the North Sea plaice SSD.</p>
An evolutionary explanation of female-biased sexual size dimorphism in North Sea plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.
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