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38 results for “Potamopyrgus antipodarum”
Figure 1 in Exposure of the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to herbicide boosts output and survival of parasite infective stages
Figure 1. Mean (±SE) number of cercariae emerging per day from individual snails, P. antipodarum, exposed to either control water, low, medium or high concentrations of the herbicide glyphosate. Data are shown separately for the trematodes C. parvum (N = 6 snails for each treatment), Apatemon sp. (N = 3), and an undescribed renicolid species from two localities (Tomahawk Lagoon, N = 12; Lake Waihola, N = 9). In each case, different letters on the bars indicate mean values that are significantly different (Tukey–Kramer tests, P <0.05).
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
<p>Asexual reproduction is expected to have a two-fold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females thus requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (<em>per capita</em>) could periodically favor sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (<em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After one month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results thus suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction in <em>P. antipodarum</em> is not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.</p>
Figure 2 in Efficacy of low-dose EarthTec QZ treatment for the control of New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a hatchery environment
Figure 2. Mean percent of active individuals with standard error (SE) plotted against days of treatment for three species of snail at Page Springs Hatchery.
Figure 1 in Experimental evidence that the invasive snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) survives passage through the digestive tract of common riverine fish
Figure 1. The Number of ingested P. antipodarum individuals per fish (red bars) and the number of snails that survived passing through the digestive tract (green bars). Values are mean ± standard deviation.
Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
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Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
<p>Climate change may force organisms to adapt genetically or plastically to new environmental conditions. Invasive species show a remarkable potential for rapid adaptation. The ovoviviparous New Zealand mud snail (NZMS), <em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>, has successfully established across Europe with two clonally reproducing mitochondrial lineages since its arrival in the first half of the 19th century. Its remarkable variation in shell morphology was shown to be fitness relevant. We investigated the effects of temperature on shell morphology across eleven populations from Germany and the Iberian Peninsula in a common garden across three temperatures. We analysed size and shape using geometric morphometrics. For both, we compared reaction norms and estimated heritabilities. For size, the interaction of temperature and haplotype explained about 50% of the total variance. We also observed more genotype by environment interactions indicating a higher degree of population differentiation than in shape. Across the three temperatures, size followed the expectations of the temperature-size rule, with individuals growing larger in cold environments. Changes in shape may have compensated changes in size affecting space for brooding embryos. Heritability estimates were relatively high. As indicated by the very low coefficients of variation for clonal repeatability (<em>CV<sub>A</sub></em>), they can probably not be compared in absolute terms. However, they showed some sensitivity to temperature, in haplotype t more so than in z, which was only found in Portugal. The low <em>CV<sub>A</sub></em>-values indicate that genetic variation among European populations is still restricted with low potential to react to selection. A considerable fraction of the genetic variation was due to differences between the clonal lineages. The NZMS has apparently not been long enough in Europe to accumulate significant genetic variation relevant for morphological adaptation. As temperature is obviously not the sole factor influencing shell morphology, their interaction will probably not be a factor limiting population persistence under a warming climate in Europe.</p>
Figure 1 in Efficacy of low-dose EarthTec QZ treatment for the control of New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a hatchery environment
Figure 1. Diagram of the split-plot study design.
Life history traits of Potamopyrgus antipodarum in variable salinity and temperature
<p>Organisms exposed to major environmental change face atypical and stressful conditions across multiple environmental variables, yet studies of phenotypically plastic responses historically focus on one environmental variable at a time. Evaluating multivariate plasticity of traits across different, simultaneously varying environmental variables provides new insights into the fate of populations amidst environmental changes. We aimed to investigate plasticity in multivariate environments by 1) examining the individual and joint effects of two environmental variables and 2) calculating genotype-by-environment interactions and genetic correlations of character states to investigate potential evolutionary constraints.</p> <p>We performed a lab controlled-environment experiment under a full factorial design of low and high temperatures and salinities with multiple maternal lineages of a parthenogenetic freshwater snail, <em>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</em>. Our results revealed that predictions of plastic trait responses among multivariate environments may be unexpected due to non-additive effects of environmental variables and varying magnitudes and orientations of genetic correlations among fitness-related traits. Considering multivariate environments provides deeper insight and advancement of understanding trait evolution by revealing trait patterns that would otherwise be missed in univariate studies. </p>
Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline
<ol> <li>Parasite species that use two or more host species during their life cycle depend on successful transmission between these species. These successive host species may have different habitat requirements; for example, one host species can be aquatic while the other is terrestrial. To overcome this complicating factor in transmission, a wide diversity of parasite species have adaptations that alter habitat preference in one host species in order to facilitate transmission to the next host species.</li> <li>Two common trematode parasites from New Zealand, <em>Atriophallophorus</em> <em>winterbourni</em> and <em>Notocotylus</em> spp., both have a two-host life‑cycle. The aquatic snail <em>Potamopyrgus</em> <em>antipodarum</em> is the intermediate host, from which the parasites require transmission to dabbling ducks or other waterfowl. Of these parasites, <em>A</em>. <em>winterbourni</em> is most frequently found in snails from the shallow-water margin, which may indicate parasite-induced movement of infected snails to the foraging habitat of dabbling ducks.</li> <li>To test if the parasites manipulate the snails to move to shallow water, we stretched tubular mesh cages across depth-specific ecological habitat zones in a lake. Both infected and healthy snails were released into the cages. After eleven days, significantly higher infection frequencies of <em>A. winterbourni</em> were retrieved from the shallowest end of the cages, while <em>Notocotylus</em> spp. frequencies did not vary with depth.</li> <li>The hypothesis that <em>A. winterbourni</em> induces its snail host to move toward the shallow-water habitat cannot be rejected based on the results from the experiment. Although additional research will be needed to address alternative explanations, the depth preference of infected snails may be a parasite adaptation that facilitates trophic transmission of parasites to dabbling ducks.</li> </ol>
Data from: Parasite resistance predicts fitness better than fecundity in a natural population of the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum
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Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline
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Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
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Life history traits of Potamopyrgus antipodarum in variable salinity and temperature
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Data from: Characterization of transcriptomes from sexual and asexual lineages of a New Zealand snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum)
Understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction is one of the central challenges of evolutionary biology, yet we know very little about how sex influences molecular evolution. The New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is ideally suited to address this knowledge gap because obligately sexual individuals often coexist with multiple independently derived obligately asexual lineages. This unusual situation allows direct comparisons both between sexual and asexual P. antipodarum and across populations that differ in the relative frequency of sexual individuals. As such, P. antipodarum has received a great deal of attention as a model system for the maintenance of sex in nature and is also used as a model for environmental toxicology and biological invasions. Molecular genetic resources for P. antipodarum will thus be useful to investigators in a variety of biological fields. We used 454 sequencing of cDNA libraries to generate transcriptomes from two sexual and two asexual P. antipodarum lineages. A de novo assembly of 116.7 Mb of sequence reads produced 41 396 contigs, and sequence similarity-based Gene Ontology annotations were obtained for 3740 contigs. We detected 408 315 SNP loci and 7315 microsatellite loci, which together represent the first genome-scale resource available for P. antipodarum.
FIGURES 41–42 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 41–42. Gymnocephalous sp. II. 41, Redia. 42, Cercaria. Drawings modified from (Winterbourn 1974). All scale bars 100.
FIGURES 39–40 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 39–40. Gymnocephalous sp. I. 39, Redia. 40, Cercaria. Drawings modified from (Winterbourn 1974). All scale bars 100.
FIGURES 36–38 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 36–38. Plagiorchioid sp. I. 36, Sporocyst, squashed with developing cercariae, live (Tukituki River voucher). Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 10. 37, Sporocyst, live (Manawatu River voucher). Photo taken with reflected light at stereomicroscope, Scale bar = 100. 38, Anterior portion of flattened cercaria, showing the small oral stylet (s) in anterior of oral sucker, live (Manawatu River voucher). Scale bar = 10.
FIGURES 33–35 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 33–35. Virgulate sp. II. 33, Sporocyst, formalin-fixed and acetocarmine stained. Scale bar = 100. 34, Cercaria, live. Scale bar = 100. 35, Anterior end of a different cercaria that better indicates stylet shape, live. Scale bar = 10. All are of Waimakariri voucher.
FIGURES 28–29. Acaudate xiphidiocercaria I. 28 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 28–29. Acaudate xiphidiocercaria I. 28, Sporocysts, live. Scale bar = 500. Numerical scale division = 25. 29, Cercaria, live. Scale bar = 100. Numerical scale division = 5.
FIGURES 12–13 in Faunal survey and identification key for the trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) infecting Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) as first intermediate host
FIGURES 12–13. Pronocephaloid sp. IV. 12, Redia. 13, Cercaria. Drawings modified from Winterbourn (1974). All scale bars = 100.
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