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51 results for “Precipitation gradient”

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edi44/100

Soil respiration and precipitation data at resin bag sites on canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998 (dataset 1056)

We tested whether inputs from canopy herbivores would affect soil processes such as respiration, nutrient cycling, and decomposition along an elevation gradient. The five treatments we used were frass additions, throughfall additions, removal of all litter that fell during the study, removal of greenfall that fell during the study, and controls. Soil respiration was significantly reduced on low and mid elevation sites in litter exclusion, greenfall exclusion and throughfall addition treatments (from 0.846 g CO2/m2/h for controls to 0.618, 0.667, and 0.708 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, for the three treatments).

openCustomJan 2020View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites vs. microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients

<ol> <li>Models estimating decomposition rates of dead wood across space and time are mainly based on studies carried out in temperate zones where microbes are dominant drivers of decomposition. However, most dead wood biomass is found in tropical ecosystems, where termites are also important wood consumers. Given the dependence of microbial decomposition on moisture with termite decomposition thought to be more resilient to dry conditions, the relative importance of these decomposition agents is expected to shift along gradients in precipitation that affect wood moisture.</li> <li>Here, we investigated the relative roles of microbes and termites in wood decomposition across precipitation gradients in space, time and with a simulated drought experiment in tropical Australia. We deployed mesh bags with non-native pine wood blocks, allowing termite access to half the bags. Bags were collected every six months (end of wet and dry seasons) over a four-year period across 5 sites along a rainfall gradient (ranging from savanna to wet sclerophyll to rainforest) and within a simulated drought experiment at the wettest site. We expected microbial decomposition to proceed faster in wet conditions with greater relative influence of termites in dry conditions.</li> <li>Consistent with expectations, microbial-mediated wood decomposition was slowest in dry savanna sites, dry seasons, and simulated drought conditions. Wood blocks discovered by termites decomposed 16% to 36% faster than blocks undiscovered by termites regardless of precipitation levels. Concurrently, termites were 10 times more likely to discover wood in dry savanna compared with wet rainforest sites, compensating for slow microbial decomposition in savannas. For wood discovered by termites, seasonality and drought did not significantly affect decomposition rates.</li> <li>Taken together, we found that spatial and seasonal variation in precipitation are important in shaping wood decomposition rates as driven by termites and microbes, although these different gradients do not equally impact decomposition agents. As we better understand how climate change will affect precipitation regimes across the tropics, our results can improve predictions of how wood decomposition agents will shift with potential for altering carbon fluxes.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

A precipitation gradient drives change in macroinvertebrate composition and interactions within bromeliads.

Tank bromeliads accumulate water inside their leaf axils, providing habitat for communities of aquatic macro invertebrates. Here we sampled the macro invertebrate community in 100 bromeliads along the sand dunes of coastal Brazil in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. We sampled ten sites, seven of which were within the Jurubatiba National Park in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The other three sites were located in the sand dunes of Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro), Marica (Rio de Janeiro), and Ilha Bela (Sao Paulo). We sampled all macroinvertebrate communities between March and May 2015. In each site, we dissected ten bromeliads (totalling 100 bromeliads across all sites) to collect all the invertebrates in each plant. Macroinvertebrates were counted and identified to genus level whenever possible.  For every bromeliad, we measured a suite of  environmental variables to assess the amount and quality of habitat available to the invertebrates including: the height (cm) and diameter (cm, measured as the maximum distance between leaf tips) of the plant, maximum water volume (mL, calculated by emptying the plant and calculating how much water the plant could hold before it overflowed), actual water volume (mL), longest leaf length (cm), longest leaf width (cm), number of leaves, canopy cover (% of shaded pixels in photos taken looking directly up from the bromeliad), total detritus (g dry mass), pH, oxygen concentration (% saturation), salinity (ppt), temperature (oC), and turbidity (NTU). Water chemistry and temperature variables were measured using a portable multiparameter waterproof meter in the field as soon as the water was collected from the plant. The zip file contains two csv files. Environment contains all the environmental variables described above, and Species_presence contains the species ID and whether it is present in a given bromeliad.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

zenodo40/100

Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, precipitation, temperature and surface area along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands

This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, precipitation, temperature and surface area of the elevational belt recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen to carbon ratio,  leaf dry matter content (LDMC), sodium, potassium and magnesium. The environmental variables measured are total precipitation of the growing season, mean temperature of the growing season and surface area of the elevation belt. This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (in press). Mechanisms behind elevational plant species richness patterns revealed by a trait-based approach. Journal of Vegetation Science.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Drivers of wood decay in tropical ecosystems: Termites vs. microbes along spatial, temporal and experimental precipitation gradients

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicDec 2023View details →

dryad36/100

The biotic interactions hypothesis partially explains bird species turnover along a lowland Neotropical precipitation gradient

Aim We evaluated the influence of climate in determining bird communities along precipitation gradients. We argue that mechanisms responsible for community turnover along precipitation gradients are similar to mechanisms operating along temperature and latitudinal gradients. We test the hypothesis that environmental conditions affect community composition in dry forests, whereas biotic interactions affect community composition in wet forests. Location Low-elevation forests along a precipitation gradient in Colombia where precipitation ranges from 700 – 4000 mm annually but neither temperature or elevation change. Time period Present day Major Taxa Studied Tropical Forest Birds. Methods We performed 291 bird counts in nine study areas across the ~3000 mm range of variation in precipitation. In each locality we obtained climatic characteristics, and a phylogenetic, morphological and physiological proxy data set to test predictions about the evolutionary relationships and distribution of traits in each community. Results Bird communities changed abruptly along the precipitation gradient and could be divided into dry and wet forest communities. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships, trait space, and observations at nests suggested that environmental filtering is more important in dry forest, especially for breeding. In contrast, we found little evidence that competition was more important in wet forest. Nest predation or competition for nest space, however, may be more critical in wetter forests. Conclusions The two distinct bird communities we documented suggest that lowland precipitation gradients, where temperature is constant can be as important as temperature gradients in generating high beta diversity. We conclude that the breeding process in bird communities might be crucial for determining community assembly along environmental gradients. Given that recent population declines in tropical birds have been attributed to changes in precipitation, by understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly along precipitation gradients our study may improve our ability to understand those declines and predict the effects of climate change on neotropical avifauna.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Wood density and leaf size jointly predict woody plant growth rates across (but not within) species along a steep precipitation gradient

1. Functional traits have been proposed to define key dimensions of plant ecological strategies, but we lack consensus on whether traits can accurately predict plant demography. Despite theoretical expectations, it has been challenging to find consistent relationships between functional traits and growth. 2. In this study, we quantified inter- and intraspecific trait variation and individual growth rates of woody plants across a steep moisture gradient that varies 10-fold in annual precipitation (350–3,700 mm) in southern Chile and used a hierarchical Bayesian model to predict growth as a function of trait values. 3. We show that large-leaved species with lower stem tissue density exhibited the fastest growth rates, and these two traits exhibited the highest proportion of interspecific variation. Predictions of growth improved considerably (R2 of the best model increased from 0.28 to 0.49) when species-level multiple traits and their interactions were considered. The inclusion of intraspecific trait variation (ITV), however, did not improve models of growth rate. 4. We found that trait-growth rate relationships were not always consistent across levels of biological organization; relationships observed at the interspecific level did not necessarily hold at the intraspecific level. We found that the relationships between wood density or leaf size and growth were consistent in direction across the precipitation gradient, and the relationships between leaf economics traits and growth were weak and site-specific. 5. Synthesis. Although using more than one functional trait considerably improved growth predictions, wood density and leaf size successfully predicted growth rates across (not within) species, which is consistent with a whole-plant carbon economy. We assert that these two traits are intimately linked and ultimately describe a continuum of plant architecture and carbon economy that covers multiple trait syndromes.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 1 in Avian Diversity Along A Precipitation Gradient In Southern Africa

Fig. 1. Location of the transect (broken red line in the map above, yellow line in the map below).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Adaptation of pathogens to their local plant host, Silphium integrifolium, along a precipitation gradient

All figures and code were generated in RStudio 2022.02.3+492 "Prairie Trillium" Release. All packages needed to run the R code are shown in the RMD’s.   Code to generate figures and statistical analysis:   <ul> <li>DVTindex_help.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate figure 3</li> </ul> </li> <li>Figure5_PrairieVSCommonGarden <ul> <li>Code to generate figure 5</li> </ul> </li> <li>PATHOFigs_for_Manu_FEB22.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate figures 1, 2, 4</li> </ul> </li> <li>SUPP_Figure3_DimPathoEDIT.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate supplementary figure 3 (fig S3)</li> </ul> </li> <li>STATSAnalysis_PathoDim2B.Rmd <ul> <li>Code to generate all tables and statistical analysis in the manuscript</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Description of data files: <ul> <li>2019and2020Prairie_data.txt <ul> <li>This file contains data collected from the prairie sites in 2019 and 2020</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dim2b_latlon.csv <ul> <li>The latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates for the common garden sites and prairie sites as well as precipitation data</li> </ul> </li> <li>DVTINDEX_from_DVT.csv <ul> <li>A separate file that contains the data that produced fig 3. This data file is sourced from SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL.txt</li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL_plots.txt</li> <li>SEPT2019_2020_COMPILED_2b_DATACOLL_plots_longversion.txt <ul> <li>These 3 data files are different versions of the same raw data that was collected from the common garden sites in 2019 and 2020. The code calls for all 3 at different points to generate plots and run statistical analyses</li> </ul> </li> <li>Summary [ insert unique name here] <ul> <li>Various data frames generated from r mark downs that contain summary statistics of the data. These are used to produce the figures in PATHOFigs_for_Manu_FEB22.Rmd graphs.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Widespread variation in functional trait-vital rate relationships in tropical tree seedlings across a precipitation and soil phosphorus gradient

A fundamental assumption of functional ecology is that functional traits are related to interspecific variation in performance. However, the relationship between functional traits and performance is often weak or uncertain, especially for plants. A potential explanation for this inconsistency is that the relationship between functional traits and vital rates (e.g., growth and mortality) is dependent on local environmental conditions, which would lead to variation in trait-rate relationships across environmental gradients. In this study, we examined trait-rate relationships for six functional traits (seed mass, wood density, maximum height, leaf mass per area, leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) using long-term data on seedling growth and survival of woody plant species from eight forest sites spanning a pronounced precipitation and soil phosphorus gradient in central Panama. For all traits considered except for leaf mass per area-mortality, leaf mass per area-growth, and leaf area-mortality relationships, we found widespread variation in the strength of trait-rate relationships across sites. For some traits, trait-rate relationships showed no overall trend but displayed wide site-to-site variation. In a small subset of cases, variation in trait-rate relationships was explained by soil phosphorus availability. Our results demonstrate that environmental gradients have the potential to influence how functional traits are related to growth and mortality rates, though much variation remains to be explained. Accounting for site-to-site variation may help resolve a fundamental issue in trait-based ecology – that traits are often weakly related to performance – and improve the utility of functional traits for explaining key ecological and evolutionary processes.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Cyanobacterial- and moss-forming biocrusts consistently mitigate the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient

1. Biocrusts are prevalent and participate in many soil organic carbon (C) processes in drylands. The predicted increase in aridity will expand the biocrust cover and significantly impact soil organic C dynamics. However, how biocrusts change soil organic C decomposition and what factors drive the effect in response to climate warming remains largely unknown at a continental scale. 2. We measured microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) in bare soil lacking biocrusts and two universal biocrusted soils (cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil) from 43 sites across a precipitation gradient from 39 mm to 443 mm to evaluate the relative effects of biocrusts on Q10 and the driving forces in northern China's dryland. 3. Microbial respiration increased and Q10 decreased with increasing precipitation in bare soil, cyanobacterial- and moss-crusted soil. Biocrusts positively affected microbial respiration, with a more substantial magnitude by moss crusts than cyanobacterial crusts. Biocrusts negatively impacted Q10, and the magnitudes were similar between moss and cyanobacterial crusts. Most importantly, the relative effects of biocrusts on microbial respiration and Q10 increased with decreasing precipitation. 4. The positive effects of biocrusts on soil organic C content and microbial biomass carbon were positively correlated with the level of increased microbial respiration. Contrastingly, the magnitude of reduced Q10 was attributed to the biocrusts' positive effects on soil organic C quality and adverse effects on the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs (F: B). 5. Our study provides strong evidence that biocrusts decrease the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration in northern China's dryland. This result suggests that the predicted expanding biocrust cover is crucial for maintaining the soil organic C stability by buffering the positive impacts of climate warming on soil organic C decomposition in drylands.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

The biotic interactions hypothesis partially explains bird species turnover along a lowland Neotropical precipitation gradient

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publicDec 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: The coordination of dehydration tolerance and avoidance in oaks is mediated by leaf habit across a precipitation gradient

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publicDec 2025View details →

dryad36/100

Cyanobacterial- and moss-forming biocrusts consistently mitigate the temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration along a continental precipitation gradient

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publicOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Widespread variation in functional trait-vital rate relationships in tropical tree seedlings across a precipitation and soil phosphorus gradient

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publicOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Wood density and leaf size jointly predict woody plant growth rates across (but not within) species along a steep precipitation gradient

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicNov 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Genomic signatures of adaptation across a precipitation gradient from niche center to niche edge

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publicMar 2025View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Community carbon and water exchange responses to warming and precipitation enhancement in sandy grassland along a restoration gradient

Temperature increasing and precipitation alteration are predicted to occur in arid and semi-arid lands, however, the response mechanism of carbon and water exchange at community level is still unclear in semi-arid sandy land. We investigated the responses of carbon and water exchanges to warming and precipitation enhancement along a sand-dune restoration gradient: mobile sand dunes (MD), semi-fixed sand dunes (SFD) and fixed sand dunes (FD). The average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) between May and August increased by 98% and 59%, respectively, from MD to SFD. While they had no significant differences between FD and the other two habitats. Warming inhibited ecosystem NEP, ET and water use efficiency (WUE) by 69%), 49% P<0.001 and 80%, respectively in SFD, while it nearly had no significant effects in MD and FD. However, precipitation addition by 30% nearly had no significant effects on community NEP, ET and WUE, except for warming treatment in FD. In general, precipitation addition of 30% may still not be enough to prevent drought stress for growth of plants, due to with low water-holding capacity and high evaporation rates in sandy land. Temperature increase magnified drought stress as it increased evapotranspiration rates especially in summer. In addition, community NEP, ET and WUE were usually influenced by interactions between habitats and temperature, as well as the interactions among habitats, temperature and precipitation. Species differences in each habitat along the restoration gradient may alter climate sensitivity of sandy land. These results will support in understanding and the prediction of the impacts of warming and precipitation change in semiarid sandy grassland.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Multiple scales of spatial heterogeneity control soil respiration responses to precipitation across a dryland rainfall gradient

Aims – Soil respiration (Rs) is a major pathway for releasing fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. However, controls over Rs are poorly understood in arid and hyper-arid systems where microbial activity is frequently constrained by moisture. We addressed key uncertainties in Rs: 1) How do short-term rainfall pulses affect Rs at sites that differ in long-term precipitation inputs?, 2) how do Rs responses to short and long-term rainfall differ across soil surfaces?, and 3) how are Rs responses affected by local-scale attributes? Methods – We measured Rs responses to rainfall pulses over a 48 h period. Working across a climate gradient, we compared Rs responses on two contrasting soil surfaces which both had two vegetation/soil morphology patch types that differed in organic matter inputs and accumulation. Results – Rates of Rs were low, but highly responsive to rainfall pulses. Stimulation of Rs by rainfall was generally greater in areas with higher annual rainfall. However, patterns for Rs responses to rainfall differed greatly on the two soil surfaces and among patch types. Conclusions – The strong role of patch type and soil surface in controlling Rs points to the need to carefully consider small-scale spatial and temporal variation when interpreting dryland biogeochemical fluxes.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: The biotic interactions hypothesis partially explains bird species turnover along a lowland Neotropical precipitation gradient

Aim: We evaluated the influence of climate in determining bird communities along precipitation gradients. We argue that mechanisms responsible for community turnover along precipitation gradients are similar to mechanisms operating along temperature and latitudinal gradients. We test the hypothesis that environmental conditions affect community composition in dry forests, whereas biotic interactions affect community composition in wet forests. Location: Low-elevation forests along a precipitation gradient in Colombia where precipitation ranges from 700 – 4000 mm annually but elevation and temperature remain constant. Time period: Present day Major Taxa Studied: Tropical Forest Birds. Methods: We performed 291 bird counts in nine study areas across the ~3000 mm precipitation range. In each locality we obtained climatic characteristics, and a phylogenetic, morphological and physiological proxy data set to test predictions about the evolutionary relationships and distribution of traits. Results: Bird communities changed abruptly along the precipitation gradient and could be divided into dry and wet forest communities. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships, trait space, and observations at nests suggested that environmental filtering is more important in dry forest, especially for breeding. In contrast, we found little evidence that competition was more important in wet forest. Nest predation or competition for nest space, however, may be more critical in wetter forests. Conclusions: The two distinct bird communities we documented suggest that lowland precipitation gradients, where temperature is constant, can be as important as temperature gradients in generating high beta diversity. We conclude that the breeding process in bird communities might be crucial for determining community assembly along environmental gradients. Given that recent population declines in tropical birds have been attributed to changes in precipitation, by understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly along precipitation gradients our study may improve our ability to understand those declines and predict the effects of climate change on neotropical avifauna.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas

neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage

behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb

electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.

Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl

behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.

Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro

neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.

Last verified 2026-04-29Open record